Review of artificial intelligence applications in astronomical data processing

Artificial Intelligence(AI)is an interdisciplinary research field with widespread applications.It aims at developing theoretical,methodological,technological,and applied systems that simulate,enhance,and assist human intelligence.Recently,notable accomplishments of artificial intelligence technology have been achieved in astronomical data processing,establishing this technology as central to numerous astronomical research areas such as radio astronomy,stellar and galactic(Milky Way)studies,exoplanets surveys,cosmology,and solar physics.This article systematically reviews representative applications of artificial intelligence technology to astronomical data processing,with comprehensive description of specific cases:pulsar candidate identification,fast radio burst detection,gravitational wave detection,spectral classification,and radio frequency interference mitigation.Furthermore,it discusses possible future applications to provide perspectives for astronomical research in the artificial intelligence era.

Circulating CCRR serves as potential novel biomarker for predicting acute myocardial infarction

Objective:Cold regions exhibit a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease,particularly acute myocardial infarction(AMI),which is one of the leading causes of death associated with cardiovascular conditions.Cardiovascular disease is closely linked to the abnormal expression of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA).This study investigates whether circulating levels of lncRNA cardiac conduction regulatory RNA(CCRR)could serve as a biomarker for AMI.Materials and methods:We measured circulating CCRR from whole blood samples collected from 68 AMI patients and 69 non-AMI subjects.An AMI model was established using C57BL/6 mice.Quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to assess CCRR expression.Exosomes were isolated from cardiomyocytes,and their characteristics were evaluated using electron microscope and nanoparticle tracking analysis.The exosome inhibitor GW4869 was employed to examine the effect of exosomal CCRR on cardiac function using echocardiography.Protein expression was detected using Western blot and immunofluorescence staining.Results:The circulating level of CCRR was significantly higher in AMI patients(1.93±0.13)than in non-AMI subjects(1.00±0.05,P<0.001).The area under the ROC curve(AUC)of circulating CCRR was 0.821.Similar changes in circulating CCRR levels were consistently observed in an AMI mouse model.Exosomal CCRR derived from hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes and cardiac tissue after AMI were increased,a change that was reversed by GW4869.Additionally,CCRR-overexpressing exosomes improved cardiac function in AMI.Conclusion:Circulating lncRNA CCRR is a potential predictor of AMI.Exosomal CCRR plays a role in the communication between the heart and other organs through circulation.

中国钩瓣叶蜂属女贞钩瓣叶蜂种团Macrophya ligustri group两新种(膜翅目:叶蜂科)

记述中国江西和浙江的钩瓣叶蜂属Macrophya Dahlbom女贞钩瓣叶蜂种团Macrophya ligustri group 2新种:江西钩瓣叶蜂M. jiangxiensis Li,Zhang&Wei sp. nov.和庆元钩瓣叶蜂M. qingyuanica Li,Zhu&Wei sp. nov.。修订了女贞钩瓣叶蜂种团中国种类检索表。

A Novel S-Box GenerationMethodology Based on the Optimized GANModel

S-boxes can be the core component of block ciphers,and how to efficiently generate S-boxes with strong cryptographic properties appears to be an important task in the design of block ciphers.In this work,an optimized model based on the generative adversarial network(GAN)is proposed to generate 8-bit S-boxes.The central idea of this optimized model is to use loss function constraints for GAN.More specially,the Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)S-box is used to construct the sample dataset via the affine equivalence property.Then,three models are respectively built and cross-trained to generate 8-bit S-boxes based on three extended frameworks of GAN,i.e.,Deep Convolution Generative Adversarial Networks(DCGAN),Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks(WGAN),and WassersteinGenerativeAdversarial NetworkwithGradient Penalty(WGANGP).Besides,an optimized model based onWGAN-GP referred to asWGPIM is also proposed,which adds the loss function constraints to the generator network of the WGAN-GP model,including bijection loss,differential uniformity loss,and nonlinearity loss.In this case,8-bit S-boxes can be generated with cross-training.Experimental results illustrate that the WGP-IM model can generate S-boxes with excellent cryptographic properties.In particular,the optimal differential uniformity of the generated S-boxes can be reduced to 8,and the nonlinearity can be up to 104.Compared with previous S-box generation methods,this new method is simpler and it can generate S-boxes with excellent cryptographic properties.

High-quality Development Evaluation System of Water Parks

Based on the connotation of high-quality development of water parks,this study established an evaluation system from distinctive water conservancy characteristics,excellent ecological environment,strong cultural atmosphere,strong development momentum,safe and efficient management,and significant comprehensive benefits,including 23 main contents and 52 evaluation indicators.Delphi method was used to score,and the evaluation results were divided into 3 levels,thus forming the evaluation system of high-quality development of water parks.This evaluation system has been preliminarily applied to the collection and selection of typical cases of the first national high-quality development of water parks.A total of 30 typical cases of high-quality development of water parks in China were collected and selected,and the first batch of 10 benchmark scenic spots were announced for key recommendation,and considerable application results have been achieved.

Therapeutic Evaluation of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer with Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine

Objective: To observe the curative effects of Yiqing granule and Zhibai Dihuang pill combined with Oralpolin gel on recurrent aphthous ulcer. Methods: 150 patients with mild recurrent aphthous ulcer were classified as excessive internal heat type and deficiency internal heat type by traditional Chinese medicine theory. Then, they were randomly divided into the positive control group (thalidomide group), the trial group (Yiqing granule group/Zhibai Dihuang pill group), and the negative control group (topical medication group). All the patients in every group used Oralpolin gel. Additionally, the patients in the positive control group took thalidomide tablets orally and those in the trial group orally took proprietary Chinese medicine (Yiqing granule/Zhibai Dihuang pill). The treatment lasted for 4 weeks. The curative effects were all evaluated according to the “RAU Efficacy Evaluation Trial Standard” which was formulated by the Professional Committee of Mucosal Diseases of Chinese Stomatological Association. Results: Of all the 150 patients involved in this medical experiment, 146 cases finished it, including 66 ones in the trial group, 36 ones in the positive control group, and 44 ones in the negative control group. The total drop-out rate was 2.7%. For the excessive internal heat type, the effective rates in the thalidomide group, the Yiqing granule group and the local medication group were 91.7%, 52.6% and 52.9% respectively in order. For the deficiency internal heat type, the effective rates in the thalidomide group, the Zhibai Dihuang pill group and the local medication group were 87.5%, 71.4% and 40% respectively in order. The clinical efficacy of the Zhibai Dihuang pill group was better than that of the local medication group and similar to that of the thalidomide group (P Conclusion: Zhibai Dihuang pill is significantly effective in the treatment for mild recurrent aphthous ulcer of deficiency internal heat type without severe adverse reactions.

高分散还原态Pt基催化剂的制备及其NO氧化的催化性能

Pt^(0)被认为是NO氧化的活性物种,而催化剂的制备方法对活性物种的含量起着决定性作用。本文采用非惰性气氛保护的改性醇还原-浸渍法(MARI)合成了高分散高Pt^(0)含量的1%(w,质量分数)Pt/SiO_(2)―Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂(MA-Pt/SA)。X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、CO-漫反射傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱(CO-DRIFTS)和透射电镜(TEM)表征证实在550℃焙烧3 h后催化剂的Pt颗粒仅有3.8 nm。同时,X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和H_(2)-程序升温还原(H_(2)-TPR)结果表明催化剂具有高Pt^(0)含量(60.3%)。模拟柴油车尾气气氛进行活性测试,并与传统浸渍法制备的1%(w)Pt/SiO_(2)―Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂(C-Pt/SA)对比,结果显示MA-Pt/SA具有优异的催化氧化性能,其NO最大转化率高达74%,比C-Pt/SA的NO转化率高了23%。经670℃高温老化15 h后,老化的MA-Pt/SA的NO转化率仍然高达69%。此外NO+O_(2)共吸附原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱(in situ DRIFTS of NO+O_(2) co-adsorption)表明高的Pt分散度和高Pt^(0)含量能够促进中间物种桥式硝酸盐的生成及分解,进而导致了优异的NO氧化活性。最后,利用同样方法将Pt的负载量降低至0.5%(w)制备催化剂,NO转化率仍达64%。这种制备方法能够获得低贵金属高性能的Pt基催化剂。

低蛋白日粮在养猪生产中的应用进展

低蛋白饲料具有降低饲料成本,提高猪只蛋白消化利用率和改善猪只肠道微生物菌群结构等作用,已被广泛应用于养猪生产中。文章综述了低蛋白日粮对养猪产业、猪只生产性能、猪肉品质和猪只肠道微生物的影响。阐述了低蛋白日粮在养猪生产中的饲养效果,旨在为低蛋白日粮在养猪生产中的应用提供科学的指导。

Microstructure,mechanical property and in vitro biocorrosion behavior of single-phase biodegradable Mg-1.5Zn-0.6Zr alloy

The microstructure,mechanical property,and in vitro biocorrosion behavior of as-cast single-phase biodegradable Mg-1.5Zn-0.6Zr alloy were investigated and compared with a commercial as-cast AZ91D alloy.The results show that the Mg-1.5Zn-0.6Zr alloy had a single-phase solid solution structure,with an average grain size of 34.7±13.1μm.The alloy exhibited ultimate tensile strength of 168±2.0 MPa,yield strength of 83±0.6 MPa,and elongation of 9.1±0.6%.Immersion tests and electrochemical measurements reveal that the alloy displayed lower biocorrosion rate and more uniform corrosion mode than AZ91D in Hank's solution.The elimination of intensive galvanic corrosion reactions and the formation of a much more compact and uniform corrosion film mainly account for the better biocorrosion properties of the Mg-1.5Zn-0.6Zr alloy than AZ91D.

Co-modified Pd/CeO_2-ZrO_2 catalysts for methanol decomposition

Pd/Ce0.8Zro.202 catalysts modified by cobalt were prepared by a sequential impregnation method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, N2 adsorption/desorption （Brunauer-Emmet-Teller）, oxygen storage capacity （OSC）, CO-chemisorption, H2-temperature-programmed reduction （H2-TPR） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The effect of Co on the performance of methanol decomposition was eval- uated at a fixed-bed microreactor. The results showed that the addition of Co can improve the oxygen storage capacity of the catalyst and the dispersion of Pd. XPS results indicated that Pd was in a partly oxidized （Pd6＋, 1〈8〈2） state and Co2＋ was present in Pd catalysts modified by Co. A 90% conversion of methanol was achieved at around 280 ℃ over Pd-Co/Ceo.8Zro.202 catalyst which was 20 ℃ lower than that over Pd/Ceo.sZro.202, indicating that both pd6＋and Co2＋ play an important role in improving the catalytic activity of methanol decomposition.

Autumn migration routes and wintering areas of juvenile Chinese Egrets(Egretta eulophotes)revealed by GPS tracking

Background:The vulnerable Chinese Egret(Egretta eulophotes)is a long-distance migratory waterbird whose migration and wintering information is poorly understood.This study aims to identify the autumn migration routes and wintering areas of juvenile Chinese Egrets and determine the migration movement traits of this species.Methods:Thirty-nine juvenile Chinese Egrets from the Fantuozi Island,an uninhabited offshore island with a large breeding colony of Chinese Egrets in Dalian,China,were tracked using GPS/GSM transmitters.Some feathers from each tracked juvenile were collected for molecular identification of sex in the laboratory.The GPS locations,recorded at 2-h intervals from August 2018 to May 2020,were used for the analyses.Results:Of the 39 tracked juveniles,30 individuals began their migration between September and November,and 13 successfully completed their autumn migration between October and November.The juveniles migrated southward via three migration routes,coastal,oceanic and inland,mainly during the night.The migration duration,migration distance,flight speed,and stopover duration of the 13 juvenile egrets that completed migration averaged 5.08±1.04 days,3928.18±414.27 km,57.27±5.73 km/h,and 23.08±19.28 h,respectively.These juveniles wintered in the coastal wetlands of Southeast Asia including those in the Philippines,Vietnam,and Malaysia,and only one successfully began its spring migration in June 2020.Conclusions:This study newly finds that the oceanic route taken by juvenile Chinese Egrets,suggesting that the juveniles are able to fly over the Pacific Ocean without a stopover.Moreover,our novel data indicate that coastal wetlands along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway are important areas for both autumn migration stopover and the wintering of these juveniles,suggesting that international cooperation is important to conserve the vulnerable Chinese Egret and the wetland habitats on which it depends.

Effect of chromium interlayer thickness on interfacial thermal conductance across copper/diamond interface

The thermal conductivity of diamond particles reinforced copper matrix composite as an attractive thermal management material is significantly lowered by the non-wetting heterointerface.The paper investigates the heat transport behavior between a 200-nm Cu layer and a single-crystalline diamond substrate inserted by a chromium(Cr)interlayer having a series of thicknesses from 150 nm down to 5 nm.The purpose is to detect the impact of the modifying interlayer thickness on the interfacial thermal conductance(h)between Cu and diamond.The time-domain thermoreflectance measurements suggest that the introduction of Cr interlayer dramatically improves the h between Cu and diamond owing to the enhanced interfacial adhesion and bridged dissimilar phonon states between Cu and diamond.The h value exhibits a decreasing trend as the Cr interlayer becomes thicker because of the increase in thermal resistance of Cr interlayer.The high h values are observed for the Cr interlayer thicknesses below 21 nm since phononic transport channel dominates the thermal conduction in the ultrathin Cr layer.The findings provide a way to tune the thermal conduction across the metal/nonmetal heterogeneous interface,which plays a pivotal role in designing materials and devices for thermal management applications.

Highly Efficient Adsorption of P-Xylene from Aqueous Solutions by Hierarchical Nanoporous Biochar Derived from Crab Shell

The global consumption of p-xylene(PX)for the production of polymers has raised serious concerns about its impact on the environment.As various reports have shown the risks that PX could pose to human health,research into cost-effective remedial methods to remove PX from the environment has gained attraction.In this work,a hierarchical porous crab shell biochar(KCS)was synthesized,characterized,and evaluated for its efficiency to remove PX from aqueous solution.The characterizations of KCS,including the porous structure,surface functional group,phase structure,and surface morphology,were discussed by N_(2) adsorption-desorption,FTIR,XRD,and SEM.Batch adsorption experiments showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of PX on KCS was 393 mg/g within 5 min,larger than most biological/biomass materials,mainly due to the higher specific surface area of 2046 m^(2)/g,and abundant lipophilic functional groups.Subsequent adsorption kinetics study indicated a pseudo-second-order model which implied that the adsorption of PX was due to chemisorption.Thermodynamic parameters showed that the values ofΔH°andΔG°were both negative,indicating that the PX adsorption process on KCS was spontaneous and exothermic.The performance of KCS in delivering a cost-effective,fast,and efficient solution for the removal of PX from aqueous solution would greatly benefit current environmental remediation efforts.

三价超铀元素镅冠醚包合物的合成与表征

本文报道了95号元素镅(Am)的冠醚包合物[Am(NO_(3))_(2)(18-crown-6)]_(3)·[Am(NO_(3))_(6)](简写为Am-18C6)合成、单晶结构和固体紫外-可见-近红外光谱.X射线单晶衍射表明,Am-18C6晶体属于单斜晶系中的C2/m空间群,非对称单元由[Am(NO_(3))_(6)]^(3-)、[Am(NO_(3))_(2)(18C6)]^(+)和二重无序的[Am(NO_(3))_(2)(18C6)]^(+)孤立离子对组装而成.我们系统比较了Am-O键长与镧系同构晶体中Nd-O键长的差异,并将其与密度泛函理论(density function theory,DFT)计算的理论键长进行了对比.结果表明,Am^(3+)和Nd^(3+)的电子密度变化截然不同,Am^(3+)表现出明显地失去5f电子密度,这意味着Am^(3+)的5f电子在向着O–Am配位键中心延展和极化,而Nd^(3+)并未表现出此特性.本工作对加深三价超铀元素和大环配体之间主客体相互作用理解提供了帮助,为设计新型镧锕分离萃取剂提供了结构模型与理论基础.

Simulation Study of Network Reconfiguration and Load-balancing Method for the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Data Center

The Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Data Center faces issues related to delay-affected services. As a result, these services cannot be implemented in a timely manner due to the overloading of transmission links. In this paper, the software-defined network technology is applied to the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Data Center Network(XAODCN). Specifically, a novel reconfiguration method is proposed to realise the software-defined Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Data Center Network(SDXAO-DCN), and a network model is constructed. To overcome the congestion problem, a traffic load-balancing algorithm is designed for fast transmission of the service traffic by combining three factors: network structure, congestion level and transmission service. The proposed algorithm is compared with current commonly load-balancing algorithms which are used in data center to verify its efficiency. Simulation experiments show that the algorithm improved transmission performance and transmission quality for the SDXAO-DCN.

Pursuing the goal of carbon neutrality in China:path for realization of carbon sequestration in planted forests

Tree plantations are an important forest resource that substantively contributes to climate change mitigation and carbon sequestration.As the area and standing volume of tree plantations in China have increased,issues such as unreasonable structure,low productivity,limited ecological functionality and diminishing ecological stability have occurred,which hinder the ability of tree plantations to enhance carbon sequestration.This study outlined the trajectory of carbon sequestration and its associated benefits in tree plantations by examining the current state of tree plantation establishment and growth,elucidated the strategies for advantages of carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation in planted forests,and summarized the existing problems with tree plantations.This paper underscores the pressing need for concerted efforts to boost carbon sequestration within planted forests and proposes management and development strategies for Chinese tree plantations.In the future,it will be necessary to apply scientific theories to practice and develop multi-objective management optimization models for the high-quality development of tree plantations.This will involve establishing a cohesive national carbon trading market,improving the prediction of carbon sequestration,and identifying priority zones for afforestation and reforestation,to better serve China’s national strategy for achieving peak carbon and carbon neutrality.

The Qitai radio telescope

This study presents a general outline of the Qitai radio telescope(QTT)project.Qitai,the site of the telescope,is a county of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China,located in the east Tianshan Mountains at an elevation of about 1800 m.The QTT is a fully steerable,Gregorian-type telescope with a standard parabolic main reflector of 110 m diameter.The QTT has adopted an umbrella support,homology-symmetric lightweight design.The main reflector is active so that the deformation caused by gravity can be corrected.The structural design aims to ultimately allow high-sensitivity observations from 150 MHz up to115 GHz.To satisfy the requirements for early scientific goals,the QTTwill be equipped with ultra-wideband receivers and large field-of-view multi-beam receivers.A multi-function signal-processing system based on RFSo C and GPU processor chips will be developed.These will enable the QTT to operate in pulsar,spectral line,continuum and Very Long Baseline Interferometer(VLBI)observing modes.Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)and radio frequency interference(RFI)control techniques are adopted throughout the system design.The QTT will form a world-class observational platform for the detection of lowfrequency(nano Hertz)gravitational waves through pulsar timing array(PTA)techniques,pulsar surveys,the discovery of binary black-hole systems,and exploring dark matter and the origin of life in the universe.The QTT will also play an important role in improving the Chinese and international VLBI networks,allowing high-sensitivity and high-resolution observations of the nuclei of distant galaxies and gravitational lensing systems.Deep astrometric observations will also contribute to improving the accuracy of the celestial reference frame.Potentially,the QTT will be able to support future space activities such as planetary exploration in the solar system and to contribute to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.

高砷地下水系统中非岩石圈源的沉积物砷异常

世界卫生组织认定无机砷为危害全球公众健康的十大化学物质之一.学术界普遍认为地下水中无机砷源自地层,非人为污染所致,从基岩或经风化搬运形成的松散沉积物含水层中释放进入地下水,但鲜见岩石圈砷异常的报道.本研究对银川平原高砷地下水系统中沉积物的物源和砷源开展了定量溯源,构建了基于粒度、无机化学参数(Fe/Al和Si/Al比)及有机碳-13和碳-14的无机物源、有机物源及砷源端元模型,发现沉积物中存在贺兰山和黄河等岩石圈源之外的“过量砷”;结合环青藏高原多个高砷地下水区文献数据分析,发现可通过As/Fe摩尔比大于0.0003识别沉积物砷异常.鉴于砷在地表-地下水交互界面的氧化次生富集,提出该异常源自水圈,可循环进入地下水“再生”.这可解释全球高砷地下水冲洪积平原上游地区无显著岩石圈砷异常之谜.

A Tetravalent Plutonium Organic Framework Containing[Pu_(2)O_(16)]Dimers as Secondary Building Units:Synthesis,Structure,and Radiation Stability

The second example of tetravalent plutonium carboxyl-based organic framework,^(242)Pu(OH)[PO[(C_(6)H_(4))COO]_(3)]·H_(2)O,termed as PuTPO(TPO=tris(4-carboxylphenyl)-phosphineoxide),was reported in this work.A series of characterizations of PuTPO,such as X-ray crystallography and solid-state UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy,were carried out to expatiate its structure and physicochemical properties.PuTPO is constructed by dimers of the plutonium-oxygen subunit of[Pu_(2)O_(16)].Characteristic peaks located at approximately 1100 nm can be considered to be the fingerprint peaks of tetravalent plutonium.While PuTPO can maintain high crystallinity within several months after synthesis,it exhibits a radiation-induced swelling effect probed by the expansion of cell parameter of b axis after self-irradiation fromα-decay of ^(242)Pu.This result enriches the inventory of tetravalent plutonium compounds and provides an insight into the irradiation resistance of metal-organic frameworks.

Microcolin H, a novel autophagy inducer, exerts potent antitumour activity by targeting PITPα/β

The identification of effective drug targets and the development of bioactive molecules are areas of high need in cancer therapy.The phosphatidylinositol transfer protein alpha/beta isoform(PITPα/β)has been reported to play an essential role in integrating phosphoinositide trafficking and lipid metabolism in diverse cellular processes but remains unexplored as a potential target for cancer treatment.Herein,data analysis of clinical cancer samples revealed that PITPα/βexpression is closely correlated with the poor prognosis.Target identification by chemical proteomic methods revealed that microcolin H,a naturally occurring marine lipopeptide,directly binds PITPα/βand displays antiproliferative activity on different types of tumour cell lines.Furthermore,we identified that microcolin H treatment increased the conversion of LC3I to LC3II,accompanied by a reduction of the level of p62 in cancer cells,leading to autophagic cell death.Moreover,microcolin H showed preeminent antitumour efficacy in nude mouse subcutaneous tumour models with low toxicity.Our discoveries revealed that by targeting PITPα/β,microcolin H induced autophagic cell death in tumours with efficient anti-proliferating activity,which sheds light on PITPα/βas a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment.