Publication trends in studies examining radix notoginseng as a treatment for ischemic brain injury

Acute ischemic stroke has become a major disease burden with high mortality and morbidity rates. There is a lack of evidence-based medicine confirming the efficacy of common treatments. Panax notoginseng saponins, the main active ingredient of radix notoginseng, have a neuro- protective role in ischemic brain injury, and have been popularized as a maintenance treatment for acute cerebral infarction and its sequelae. We conducted literature searches on the Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Collaboration, CNKI, Wanfang and the China Scientific ＆ Technological Achievements Database and analyzed the experimental and clinical outcomes of studies investigating the use of radix notoginseng in the treatment of ischemic brain injury to improve the understanding of relevant research trends and existing problems. We found that over the past 10 years, China has maintained its interest in Panax notoginseng research, while such studies are scarce on the Web of Science. However, Chinese researchers often focus on the neuroprotective role of radix notoginseng in ischemic brain injury, but there are no large-scale clinical data to confirm its efficacy and safety. There remains a need for more rigorous large-sample randomized controlled clinical trials with long-term follow-up, to determine whether radix notoginseng lowers stroke recurrence and improves patient＇s quality of life.

Screening of stable internal reference genes by quantitative real-time PCR in humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis

Humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis is one commercial fish with considerable economic value.To determine the expression stabilities of six commonly used internal reference genes in C.altivelis challenged by Vibrio harveyi and viral nervous necrosis virus(VNNV)through quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR),the expression levels of selected genes in five immune organs stimulated with pathogenic infection were carefully evaluated using algorithms of geNorm,NormFinder,and BestKeeper.The results show that the expre ssion stabilities of the six candidate inte rnal reference genes were diffe re nt.Under no rmal physiological conditions,RPL13 were identified as the most stably expressed genes among five different immune organs(liver,spleen,kidney,intestine,and gill).After V.harveyi stimulation,RPL13,RPL13,EF1 A,RPL13,and EF1 A were identified by geNorm,NormFinder,and BestKeeper as the most stable genes in liver,spleen,kidney,intestine,and gill,respectively.Combining these three algorithms suggested that under stimulation of VNNV,RPL13,EF1 A,Actin,RPL13,and Actin were as the most stable genes in liver,spleen,kidney,intestine,and gill,respectively.These results suggest that specific experiment conditions and tissue types shall be considered when selecting the reference genes in qRT-PCR analysis.This study provided a solid foundation for future studies on gene expression of C.altivelis under different conditions.

A method for reducing thermal injury during the ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy

Objective:Many studies have demonstrated the heat effect from the holmium laser lithotripsy can cause persistent thermal injury to the ureter.The purpose of this study was to elucidate the use of a modified ureteral catheter with appropriate firing and irrigation to reduce the thermal injury to the“ureter”during the ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy in vitro.Methods:An in vitro lithotripsy was performed using a modified catheter(5 Fr)as the entrance for the irrigation and the holmium laser fiber while using the remaining space in the ureteroscopic channel as an outlet.Different laser power settings(10 W,20 W,and 30 W)with various firing times(3 s,5 s,and 10 s)and rates of irrigation(15 mL/min,20 mL/min,and 30 mL/min)were applied in the experiment.Temperature changes in the“ureter”were recorded with a thermometer during and after the lithotripsy.Results:During the lithotripsy,the local highest mean temperature was 60.3℃ and the lowest mean temperature was 26.7℃.When the power was set to 10 w,the temperature was maintained below 43℃ regardless of laser firing time or irrigation flow.Regardless of the power or firing time selected,the temperature was below 43℃ at the rate of 30 mL/min.There was a significant difference in temperature decrease when continuous 3 s drainage after continuous firing(3 s,5 s,or 10 s)compared to with not drainage(p<0.05)except for two conditions of 0.5 J×20 Hz,30 mL/min,firing 5 s,and 1.0 J×10 Hz,30 mL/min,firing 5 s.Conclusion:Our modified catheter with timely drainage reducing hot irrigation may significantly reduce the local thermal injury effect,especially along with the special interrupted-time firing setting during the simulated holmium laser procedure.

Effects of inorganic nutrients and environmental factors on the removal of n-propylbenzene and isopropylbenzene in seawater by cryptophytes Rhinomonas reticulata S6A

To effectively remove n-propylbenzene(n-PBZ)and isopropylbenzene(i-PBZ)leaked into seawater using Rhinomonas reticulata S6A(a newly isolated marine microalga),the effects of three inorganic nutrients and four environmental factors on their degradation were determined after 7 d of inoculation.Results show that NaNO_(3) at 300 mg/L caused a higher removal efficiency of both n-PBZ and i-PBZ(44.79%and 39.26%),while for NaH_(2) PO_(4)·H_(2) O,greater removal rates of two PBZs(47.30%and 42.23%)were achieved at 30 and 20 mg/L,respectively.NaHCO_(3) supplementation(500-750 mg/L)resulted in a large reduction(43.67%-45.04%)in i-PBZ concentration.The change in seawater pH(from 6 to 9)did not affect the elimination of n-PBZ and i-PBZ.The most suitable salinity and temperature were 30 and 25-30℃,respectively,leading to the PBZs removal of~40%.Light intensity exhibited significant influence on elimination of PBZs,and the maximum removal efficiencies of 56.07%(n-PBZ)and 55.00%(i-PBZ)were recorded under 200 and 600μmol/(m^(2)·s),respectively.In addition,the microalga could still remove PBZs when it failed to grow well due to darkness,strong light,low temperature,or low salinity,which might mean that good growth of alga is not always a necessary condition for PBZs removal.Therefore,attention should be paid to the suitability of nutrient levels and environmental conditions(excluding pH)in seawater when using microalgae for bioremediating PBZs-contaminated seawater.

Effects of glucocorticoid dexamethasone on serum nitric oxide synthase activity and nitric oxide levels in a rat model of lung disease-induced brain injury

In this study, we investigated the effects of dexamethasone, pertussis toxin （a Gi protein inhibitor） and actinomycin （a transcription inhibitor） on serum nitric oxide synthase activity and nitric oxide content in a rat model of lung disease-induced brain injury. High-dose dexamethasone （13 mg/kg） and dexamethasone ＋ actinomycin reduced lung water content, increased serum nitric oxide synthase activity and nitric oxide content, diminished inflammatory cell infiltration in pulmonary alveolar interstitium, attenuated meningeal vascular hyperemia, reduced glial cell infiltration, and decreased cerebral edema. These results demonstrate that high-dose glucocorticoid treatment can reduce the severity of lung disease-induced brain injury by increasing nitric oxide synthase activity and nitric oxide levels.

Differences between Chinese and American University Education from the Perspective of Curriculum Design--Taking the University of Minnesota as an Example

More and more educational researchers pay attention to the differences between China and the United States.Although the educational concepts of China and the United States respect"student-centered",and are very close in educational system and institutional setting,they are still similar in curriculum design.Taking the University of Minnesota Twin Cities as an example,this paper makes a detailed comparative analysis from the four aspects of curriculum objectives,curriculum assessment,teaching activities and syllabus,finds out the essential differences between Chinese and American university curriculum design,and puts forward that the change of Chinese university curriculum design concept needs to start from basic education,and the cultivation of teachers'thinking and ability is the key influence of the reform factor.

大兴安岭地区重点保护和珍稀动物保护空缺分析

大兴安岭地区是我国唯一的寒温带针叶林生态区,具有全球重要性和特殊的自然保护价值。本研究针对该地区重点保护及珍稀动物未全部纳入保护地范围以及保护地分布破碎化的现状,在建立物种信息数据库的基础上,生成该地区重点保护及珍稀动物10 km×10 km物种空间分布数据,并结合土地利用、植被覆盖、海拔和坡度等与栖息地相关的辅助数据,分析重点保护及珍稀动物的现有空间分布格局,以Shannon-Wiener多样性指数作为重点保护和珍稀动物的丰富度指标,通过将现有保护地范围与物种空间分布进行叠加,得到重点保护及珍稀动物的保护空缺。结果显示:(1)现有空缺区域内濒危、易危和近危物种均有分布,主要保护空缺对象有黑嘴松鸡(Tetrao parvirostris)、紫貂(Martes zibellina)、小天鹅(Cygnus columbianus)等;(2)保护程度较高的区域主要位于额尔古纳市北部和呼玛县西部等地。尽管重点保护和珍稀动物的空间分布与现有保护地范围基本匹配,但不同地理空间仍存在不同程度的保护空缺;(3)保护空缺主要有两种类型,即尚未受到保护的空白地区和未被完全纳入现有保护地的空缺地。基于以上结果,建议针对两类不同的保护空缺采取不同的保护措施,如对于根河市与牙克石市交界处未建立保护地的保护空白区,建议新建保护区或保护小区;对于重点保护和珍稀动物未被完全纳入现有保护地体系的区域,如内蒙古阿尔山自然保护区北部外延的空缺地,建议通过对现有保护地进行相应程度的扩建,完善现有保护地体系,从而促进大兴安岭地区重点保护及珍稀动物的保护进程。

甘露醇与酸碱度协同调控氧空位修饰钼酸铋纳米棒的合成及其高效光催化固氮活性

半导体中氧空位(Ov)能够吸附和活化N_(2)分子,是光催化N_(2)还原反应(NRR)的活性位点,但仍亟待开发简单、有效的形成Ov的方法.本文通过甘露醇存在下的水热过程,在Bi_(2)MoO_(6)纳米短棒(BMO SNR)中的Mo位点上选择性形成Ov,且样品的Ov含量、SNR长度与直径以及比表面积均可通过pH进行有效调控.含Ov最多的BMO SNR呈现最强的可见光吸收、光生电荷分离和光催化NRR性能,其纯水中NRR速率约为无甘露醇存在下合成的BMO纳米片的107倍,420 nm表观量子产率达到了2.78%,优于所有报道的BMO基光催化剂.本文提出了一种新颖、简单的方法对BMO进行形貌调控,且选择性形成Ov,从而增进其光催化NRR活性.

TOPC通过抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路,抑制miR-210,Atg7诱导H1975细胞凋亡

TOPC [2-(2,5,5,8a-四甲基-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-八氢萘-1-基)乙基哌嗪-1-碳二硫酸酯]是我们团队合成的一种结肠酸-二硫氨基甲酸酯衍生物。该化合物对人非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)细胞系A549和H1975的体外增殖抑制作用优于结肠酸。本研究的主要目的是探讨TOPC对H1975细胞可能的分子机制。MTT法检测细胞增殖, Hoechst 33342染色和Western blotting方法检测TOPC诱导的细胞凋亡,Westernblotting检测自噬蛋白表达及相关PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路,qRT-PCR检测miR-210mimic、inhibitor、inhibitorNC的转染率以及miR-210和Atg7的表达。结果表明,TOPC显著抑制A549和H1975细胞增殖。Hoechst33342染色和Westernblotting分析显示TOPC诱导H1975细胞凋亡。Westernblotting检测显示,TOPC诱导H1975细胞发生自噬,同时自噬相关蛋白Beclin-1、Atg5、Atg7、Atg12和LC3-II表达上调。此外, qRT-PCR结果显示TOPC显著下调了H1975细胞中miR-210的表达。进一步研究表明,抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路和抑制miR-210功能在Atg7介导的topc诱导的自噬中起作用。结果表明TOPC能显著抑制A549和H1975细胞的生长,是一种很有前途的非小细胞肺癌治疗药物,值得进一步开发。