Construction and Application Exploration of Smart Agriculture Based on Big Data Technology

Big data finds extensive application and many fields.It brings new opportunities for the development of agriculture.Using big data technology to promote the development of smart agriculture can greatly improve the effect of agricultural planting,reduce the input of manpower and material resources,and lay a solid foundation for the realization of agricultural modernization.In this regard,this paper briefly analyzes the construction and application of smart agriculture based on big data technology,hoping to provide some valuable insights for readers.

Quantitative Parameters Analysis for Prenatally Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Atrioventricular Septal Defects

Background:Atrioventricular septal defects(AVSDs)are screened and diagnosed usually rely on the imaging characteristics of fetal echocardiography(FE).However,diagnosis on images is heavily depended on sonographers’experience and the quantitative data are rarely studied.Objective:This study aimed to realize the prenatal diagnosis of AVSDs by analyzing the quantitative data on FE.Methods:One hundred and thirteen cardiac quantitative data was analyzed in 370 normal and 49 AVSDs fetuses retrospectively.The top six with the highest diagnostic accuracy rate were acquired according to the area under the curve(AUC),and the diagnostic value of six variables was analyzed.Results:Six parameters obtained on the four-chamber view(4CHV),including the atrial to ventricular length ratio in end-diastole(AVLR-ED),AVLR-ED combined with the atrial to ventricular length ratio in end-systole(AVLR-ES),quantile score(Q score)of AVLR-ED,Q score of AVLR-ES,Q score of ventricle length in end-diastole(VL-ED),and AVLR-ES,were the top six with the highest diagnostic value,and the AUC was 0.99(95%CI 0.99–1.00),0.99(95%CI 0.99–1.00),0.99(95%CI 0.98–1.00),0.95(95%CI 0.91–0.99),0.93(95%CI 0.87–0.99),and 0.91(95%CI 0.83–1.00),respectively.And within the 20%false positive rate,the diagnostic sensitivity was greater than 100%,100%,100%,90%,90%,and 88%,respectively.Conclusions:Six variables could be used for prenatal diagnosis of AVSDs.Among them,AVLR-ED and Q score of AVLR-ED,obtained on the 4CHV,were more convenient to acquire and had higher diagnostic accuracy.

Combination of AAV-delivered tumor suppressor PTEN with anti-PD-1 loaded depot gel for enhanced antitumor immunity

Recent clinical studies have shown that mutation of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10(PTEN)gene in cancer cells may be associated with immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME)and poor response to immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)therapy.Therefore,efficiently restoring PTEN gene expression in cancer cells is critical to improving the responding rate to ICB therapy.Here,we screened an adeno-associated virus(AAV)capsid for efficient PTEN gene delivery into B16F10 tumor cells.We demonstrated that intratumorally injected AAV6-PTEN successfully restored the tumor cell PTEN gene expression and effectively inhibited tumor progression by inducing tumor cell immunogenic cell death(ICD)and increasing immune cell infiltration.Moreover,we developed an anti-PD-1 loaded phospholipid-based phase separation gel(PPSG),which formed an in situ depot and sustainably release anti-PD-1 drugs within 42 days in vivo.In order to effectively inhibit the recurrence of melanoma,we further applied a triple therapy based on AAV6-PTEN,PPSG^(@anti-PD-1)and CpG,and showed that this triple therapy strategy enhanced the synergistic antitumor immune effect and also induced robust immune memory,which completely rejected tumor recurrence.We anticipate that this triple therapy could be used as a new tumor combination therapy with stronger immune activation capacity and tumor inhibition efficacy.

Bacterial and cancerous cell membrane fused liposome coordinates with PD-L1 inhibitor for cancer immunotherapy

Although tumor cell membranes with broad-spectrum antigens have been explored for cancer vaccines for decades,their relatively poor capacity to stimulate immune responses,especially cellular immune responses,has limited their application.Here,we presented a novel bacterial and cancerous cell membrane fusogenic liposome for co-delivering cell membrane-derived antigens and adjuvants.Meanwhile,a programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)inhibitor,JQ-1,was incorporated into the formulation to tackle the up-regulated PD-L1 expression of antigen-presenting cells(APCs)upon vaccination,thereby augmenting its anti-tumor efficacy.The fusogenic liposomes demonstrated significantly improved cellular uptake by APCs and effectively suppressed PD-L1 expression in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells(BMDCs)in vitro.Following subcutaneous vaccination,the nano-vaccines efficiently drained to the tumor-draining lymph nodes(TDLNs),and significantly inhibited PD-L1 expression of both dendritic cells(DCs)and macrophages within the TDLNs and tumors.As a result,the liposomal vaccine induced robust innate and cellular immune responses and inhibited tumor growth in a colorectal carcinoma-burden mouse model.In summary,the fabricated cell membrane-based fusogenic liposomes offer a safe,effective,and easily applicable strategy for tumor immunotherapy and hold potential for personalized cancer immunotherapy.

Emergence of Erythromycin-Resistant and Pertactin-and Filamentous Hemagglutinin-Deficient Bordetella pertussis Strains—Beijing,China,2022-2023

What is already known about this topic?Pertussis has reemerged as a significant public health threat,primarily due to variations in Bordetella pertussis strains,antimicrobial resistance,and vaccine evasion.What is added by this report?All isolated strains were identified as ptxA1/ptxC2/ptxP3/prn150/fim2-1/fim3-1/fhaB1/tcfA2 type and exhibited resistance to erythromycin.

Single-shot AAV-vectored vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 with fast and long-lasting immunity

Due to the insufficient long-term protection and significant efficacy reduction to new variants of current COVID-19 vaccines,the epidemic prevention and control are still challenging.Here,we employ a capsid and antigen structure engineering(CASE)strategy to manufacture an adenoassociated viral serotype 6-based vaccine(S663V-RBD),which expresses trimeric receptor binding domain(RBD)of spike protein fused with a biological adjuvant RS09.Impressively,the engineered S663V-RBD could rapidly induce a satisfactory RBD-specific IgG titer within 2 weeks and maintain the titer for more than 4 months.Compared to the licensed BBIBP-CorV(Sinopharm,China),a single-dose S663V-RBD induced more endurable and robust immune responses in mice and elicited superior neutralizing antibodies against three typical SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses including wild type,C.37(Lambda)and B.1.617.2(Delta).More interestingly,the intramuscular injection of S663V-RBD could overcome pre-existing immunity against the capsid.Given its effectiveness,the CASE-based S663VRBD may provide a new solution for the current and next pandemic.

Effects of dietary sodium butyrate on growth,digestive enzymes,body composition and nutrient retention-related gene expression of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of sodium butyrate(SB)on growth,digestive enzymes,body composition and nutrient retention-related gene expression of juvenile yellow catfish(Pel-teobagrus fulvidraco).Five isonitmgenous and isolipidic diets(420 g/kg protein and 90 g/kg lipid)were formulated to contain 0(control),250,500,1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg SB.Triplicate groups of 40 fish(BW=1.26±0.01 g)per tank(300-L cylindrical fiberglass tanks)for each diet were fed to apparent satiation twice daily.Stomach,hepatopancreas and intestine samples were obtained for digestive enzymes activities analyses.A real-time quantitative PCR analysis was performed to determine the relative expression of target of rapa-mycin(TOR)and lipoprotein lipase(LPL)in the hepatopancreas and intestine.Fish fed the diets supplemented with SB at 500 and 1,000 mg/kg showed significantly higher specific growth rate and significantly lower feed conversion ratio compared to the control(P<0.05).Dietary SB inclusion did not alter activities of intestinal amylase,creatine kinase and sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase(Na+/K+-ATPase),but increased activities of hepatic trypsin,stomachic lipase,intestinal lipase,alkaline phosphatase and y-glutamyl trans-peptidase for fish fed 1,000 mg/kg SB compared to the control(P<0.05).Intestine length index,intestine somatic index,fold height and muscular thickness of distal intestine were significantly higher in 1,000 mg/kg SB groups compared to the control(P<0.05).Significantly higher levels of whole-body crude protein,ash,calcium,phosphorus,nutrition retention and relative mRNA of intestinal TOR were observed in 1,000 mg/kg SB group(P<0.05).Whole-body lipid content and hepatopancreas LPL mRNA expression in 2,000 mg/kg SB gmup were significantly higher than the control(P<0.05).Relative mRNA levels of intestinal LPL and hepatopancreas TOR were significantly higher in the 500 mg/kg SB group compared to those in other groups(P<0.05).The increased growth performance,digestive enzymes and nutrient retention in fish fed the diets supplemented with SB at 500 and 1,000 mg/kg suggests that SB can be a desirable growth promoter as an antibiotic alternative in diets.

Mercury removal from coal combustion flue gas by modified fly ash

Fly ash is a potential alternative to activated carbon for mercury adsorption. The effects of physicochemical properties on the mercury adsorption performance of three fly ash samples were investigated. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and other methods were used to characterize the samples. Results indicate that mercury adsorption on fly ash is primarily physisorption and chemisorption. High specific surface areas and small pore diameters are beneficial to efficient mercury removal. Incompletely burned carbon is also an important factor for the improvement of mercury removal efficiency, in particular. The C-M bond, which is formed by the reaction of C and Ti, Si and other elements, may improve mercury oxidation. The samples modified with CuBr2 , CuCl 2 and FeCl3 showed excellent performance for Hg removal, because the chlorine in metal chlorides acts as an oxidant that promotes the conversion of elemental mercury （Hg0） into its oxidized form （Hg2＋）. Cu2＋ and Fe3＋ can also promote Hg 0 oxidation as catalysts. HCl and O2 promote the adsorption of Hg by modified fly ash, whereas SO2 inhibits the Hg adsorption because of competitive adsorption for active sites. Fly ash samples modified with CuBr2 , CuCl2 and FeCl3 are therefore promising materials for controlling mercury emissions.

Reinforcement of the two-stage leaching of laterite ores using surfactants

A two-stage leaching process,namely,highpressure acid leaching-atmospheric acid leaching,was used to treat laterite ores under mild conditions.The leaching ratio of Ni was low because of adsorption and incomplete leaching.In this work,surfactants were used as additives to boost the leaching ratio of Ni.The effect of surfactant type(cationic,anionic,and nonionic surfactants)on the leaching ratio of Ni was investigated.Leaching results showed that stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(STAC)apparently increased the leaching ratios of valuable metals.The variation in the physicochemical properties of the lixiviant and the residue improved the leaching ratio of Ni in the presence of STAC.Kinetics analysis indicated that the leaching process was controlled by chemical reaction.

Genetically-engineered“all-in-one”vaccine platform for cancer immunotherapy

An essential step for cancer vaccination is to break the immunosuppression and elicit a tumor-specific immunity.A major hurdle against cancer therapeutic vaccination is the insufficient immune stimulation of the cancer vaccines and lack of a safe and efficient adjuvant for human use.We discovered a novel cancer immunostimulant,trichosanthin(TCS),that is a clinically used protein drug in China,and developed a well-adaptable protein-engineering method for making recombinant protein vaccines by fusion of an antigenic peptide,TCS,and a cell-penetrating peptide(CPP),termed an"allin-one"vaccine,for transcutaneous cancer immunization.The TCS adjuvant effect on antigen presentation was investigated and the antitumor immunity of the vaccines was investigated using the different tumor models.The vaccines were prepared via a facile recombinant method.The vaccines induced the maturation of DCs that subsequently primed CD8^(+)T cells.The TCS-based immunostimulation was associated with the STING pathway.The general applicability of this genetic engineering strategy was demonstrated with various tumor antigens(i.e.,legumain and TRP2 antigenic peptides)and tumor models(i.e.,colon tumor and melanoma).These findings represent a useful protocol for developing cancer vaccines at low cost and time-saving,and demonstrates the adjuvant application of TCSdan old drug for a new application.

Gastroenteritis Outbreak Caused by Campylobacter jejuni — Beijing, China, August, 2019

Summary What is already known about this topic?Campylobacter genus bacteria are recognized as some of the leading causes of the bacterial diarrheal illness in both developing and developed countries.Recent pilot surveillance study revealed Campylobacter is the most common pathogen in the diarrheal cases using the enhanced filtration methods in Beijing.One outbreak caused by multi-drug resistant Campylobacter coli(C.coli)was identified in 2018.

Anti-catalytic and zincophilic layers integrated zinc anode towards efficient aqueous batteries for ultra-long cycling stability

Aqueous zinc-based battery is usually plagued by serious dendrites and side reactions including Zn corrosion and water decomposition on the anode.To address the drawbacks,constructing coating layers with high conductivity and anti-catalytic effects on hydrogen evolution reaction has been considered as an efficient strategy.Herein,cheap and abundant twodimensional(2D)conductive graphite(KS-6)coating layer with high electronic conductivity(~106 S·m^(−1))could directly form strong bonding with Zn foil due to high zincophilicity,which correspondingly protects Zn metal from liquid electrolyte to inhibit parasitic hydrogen evolution and guide uniform Zn electrodeposition during cycling.The KS-6 layer owns a profitable charge redistribution effect to endow Zn anode with a lower nucleation energy barrier and a more uniformly distributed electric field compared with bare Zn.Therefore,such integrated Zn anode exhibits low voltage hysteresis(~38 mV)and excellent cycling stability with dendrite-free behaviors(1 mA·cm^(−2)and 2 mAh·cm^(−2))over 2,000 h,far outperforming many reported Zn metal anodes in aqueous systems.Encouragingly,in light of the superior Zn@KS-6 anode,VNOx powders and Prussian blue analogs Mn_(2)Fe(CN)_(6)are applied as the cathode materials to assemble full batteries,which show remarkable cycling stabilities and high Coulombic efficiencies(CEs)over 200 cycles with capacity retention of 81.5%for VNOx//Zn@KS-6 battery and over 400 cycles with capacity retention of 94.6%for Mn_(2)Fe(CN)_(6)//Zn@KS-6 battery,respectively.

Nanoparticles with rough surface improve the therapeutic effect of photothermal immunotherapy against melanoma

Photothermal therapy has been intensively investigated for treating cancer in recent years.However,the long-term therapeutic outcome remains unsatisfying due to the frequently occurred metastasis and recurrence.To address this challenge,immunotherapy has been combined with photothermal therapy to activate anti-tumor immunity and relieve the immunosuppressive microenvironment within tumor sites.Here,we engineered silica-based core-shell nanoparticles(JQ-1@PSNs-R),in which silica cores were coated with the photothermal agent polydopamine,and a bromodomain-containing protein 4(BRD4) inhibitor JQ-1 was loaded in the polydopamine layer to combine photo thermal and immune therapy for tumor elimination.Importantly,to improve the therapeutic effect,we increased the surface roughness of the nanoparticles by hydrofluoric acid(HF) etching during the fabrication process,and found that the internalization of JQ-1@PSNs-R was significantly improved,leading to a strengthened photothermal killing effect as well as the increased intracellular delivery of JQ-1.In the animal studies,the multifunctional nanoparticles with rough surfaces effectively eradicated melanoma via photothermal therapy,successfully activated tumor-specific immune responses against residual tumor cells,and further prevented tumor metastasis and recurrence.Our results indicated that JQ-1@PSNs-R could serve as an innovative and effective strategy for combined cancer therapy.

Defective TiO_(2)hollow nanospheres as photo-electrocatalysts for photo-assisted Li-O_(2)batteries

The large overpotential for conventional Li-O_(2) batteries is an enormous challenge,which impedes their practical application.Here,we prepare a defective TiO_(2)(Ov-TiO_(2)) hollow nanosphere as photoelectrocatalyst for photo-assisted Li-O_(2) batteries to reduce the overpotential.Under illumination,the oxygen vacancies as a charge separation center contribute to the separation of electrons and holes.The generated electrons could promote reducing O_(2) to Li_(2)O_(2) during oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)process,while the generated holes are beneficial to Li_(2)O_(2) decomposition during oxygen evolution reaction(OER)process.Additionally,the proper concentration of oxygen vacancies will decrease the recombination rate between electrons and holes.The photo-assisted Li-O_(2) batteries with Ov-TiO_(2)-650 exhibit advanced performances,such as the low overpotential(0.70 V),the fine rate capability,and the considerable reversibility accompanied with the formation/decomposition of Li_(2)O_(2).We expect that these results could open a new mind to design of highly efficient photo-electrocatalysts for photo-assisted Li-O_(2) battery.