Alfalfa(Medicago sativa.L.)is a globally significant autotetraploid legume forage crop.However,despite its importance,establishing efficient gene editing systems for cultivated alfalfa remains a formidable challenge.I...Alfalfa(Medicago sativa.L.)is a globally significant autotetraploid legume forage crop.However,despite its importance,establishing efficient gene editing systems for cultivated alfalfa remains a formidable challenge.In this study,we pioneered the development of a highly effective ultrasonic-assisted leaf disc transformation system for Gongnong 1 alfalfa,a variety widely cultivated in Northeast China.Subsequently,we created a single transcript CRISPR/Cas9(CRISPR_2.0)toolkit,incorporating multiplex gRNAs,designed for gene editing in Gongnong 1.Both Cas9 and gRNA scaffolds were under the control of the Arabidopsis ubiquitin-10 promoter,a widely employed polymeraseⅡconstitutive promoter known for strong transgene expression in dicots.To assess the toolkit’s efficiency,we targeted PALM1,a gene associated with a recognizable multifoliate phenotype.Utilizing the CRISPR_2.0 toolkit,we directed PALM1 editing at two sites in the wild-type Gongnong 1.Results indicated a 35.1%occurrence of editing events all in target 2 alleles,while no mutations were detected at target 1 in the transgenic-positive lines.To explore more efficient sgRNAs,we developed a rapid,reliable screening system based on Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation,incorporating the visible reporter MtLAP1.This screening system demonstrated that most purple visible hairy roots underwent gene editing.Notably,sgRNA3,with an 83.0%editing efficiency,was selected using the visible hairy root system.As anticipated,tetra-allelic homozygous palm1 mutations exhibited a clear multifoliate phenotype.These palm1 lines demonstrated an average crude protein yield increase of 21.5%compared to trifoliolate alfalfa.Our findings highlight the modified CRISPR_2.0 system as a highly efficient and robust gene editing tool for autotetraploid alfalfa.展开更多
Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum)is a well-known pseudocereal for its health and economic value.However,abundant antinutritional factors(ANFs)reduces its health benefits.As reported,germination can improve the nu...Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum)is a well-known pseudocereal for its health and economic value.However,abundant antinutritional factors(ANFs)reduces its health benefits.As reported,germination can improve the nutritional profile of grains.In this study,we systematically evaluate the safety of Tartary buckwheat seeds(TB)and Tartary buckwheat sprouts(TBS)used as high active ingredients.After evaluating nutrition levels,bioactive compounds and ANFs in TBS during germinating,5^(th)-day TBS were selected as the raw material.C57BL/6J mice were gavaged daily with distilled water,TB,or TBS for 6 weeks.The physiological indices related to ANFs were determined.Results showed that the TB intake tends to generate negative effects on the gut microbiota,and organs.Additionally,upon TB intake,the Fe^(3+)content in serum,trypsin activity in pancreas and jejunum decreased,while the cytokine,IgE,and histamine levels in serum,water content in faeces,cytokine levels in liver and jejunum increased.Conversely,TBS did not induce any obvious negative effects on the above relevant indices and showed better lipid-lowering effect.Altogether,TBS are safer and more effective as a raw material to produce the functional food for long-term consumption with the intention of preventing and treating hyperlipidaemia.展开更多
Dear Editor,Human adenoviruses (HAd Vs) are associated with respiratory,gastrointestinal,ophthalmological,genitourinary,and neurological infections.To date,more than 100genotypes of HAd Vs have been identified.They ar...Dear Editor,Human adenoviruses (HAd Vs) are associated with respiratory,gastrointestinal,ophthalmological,genitourinary,and neurological infections.To date,more than 100genotypes of HAd Vs have been identified.They are classified into seven species,A to G (HAd V Working Group,http://hadvwg.gmu.edu/).展开更多
Tight oil/gas medium is a special porous medium,which plays a significant role in oil and gas exploration.This paper is devoted to the derivation of wave equations in such a media,which take a much simpler form compar...Tight oil/gas medium is a special porous medium,which plays a significant role in oil and gas exploration.This paper is devoted to the derivation of wave equations in such a media,which take a much simpler form compared to the general equations in the poroelasticity theory and can be employed for parameter inversion from seismic data.We start with the fluid and solid motion equations at a pore scale,and deduce the complete Biot’s equations by applying the volume averaging technique.The underlying assumptions are carefully clarified.Moreover,time dependence of the permeability in tight oil/gas media is discussed based on available results from rock physical experiments.Leveraging the Kozeny-Carman equation,time dependence of the porosity is theoretically investigated.We derive the wave equations in tight oil/gas media based on the complete Biot’s equations under some reasonable assumptions on the media.The derived wave equations have the similar form as the diffusiveviscous wave equations.A comparison of the two sets of wave equations reveals explicit relations between the coefficients in diffusive-viscous wave equations and the measurable parameters for the tight oil/gas media.The derived equations are validated by numerical results.Based on the derived equations,reflection and transmission properties for a single tight interlayer are investigated.The numerical results demonstrate that the reflection and transmission of the seismic waves are affected by the thickness and attenuation of the interlayer,which is of great significance for the exploration of oil and gas.展开更多
Highly nonlinear resilient functions play a crucial role in nonlinear combiners which are usual hardware oriented stream ciphers.During the past three decades,the main idea of construction of highly nonlinear resilien...Highly nonlinear resilient functions play a crucial role in nonlinear combiners which are usual hardware oriented stream ciphers.During the past three decades,the main idea of construction of highly nonlinear resilient functions are benefited from concatenating a large number of affine subfunctions.However,these resilient functions as core component of ciphers usually suffered from the guess and determine attack or algebraic attack since the n-variable nonlinear Boolean functions can be easily given rise to partial linear relations by fixing at most nil variables of them.How to design highly nonlinear resilient functions(S-boxes)without concatenating a large number of nil variables affine subfunctions appears to be an important task.In this article,a new construction of highly nonlinear resilient functions is proposed.These functions consist of two classes subfunctions.More specially,the first class(nonlinear part)contains both the bent functions with 2k variables and some affine subfUnctions with n/2-k variables which are attained by using[n/2-k,m,d]disjoint linear codes.The second class(linear part)includes some linear subfunctions with nil variables which are attained by using[n/2,m,d]disjoint linear codes.It is illustrated that these resilient functions have high nonlinearity and high algebraic degree.In particular,It is different from previous well-known resilient S-boxes,these new S-boxes cannot be directly decomposed into some affine subftinctions with nil variables by fixing at most nil variables.It means that the S-boxes(vectorial Boolean functions)which use these resilient functions as component functions have more favourable cryptography properties against the guess and determine attack or algebraic attacks.展开更多
The structural phase transition compound {[（CH3）2CHCH2]2NH2}·[CF3COO] （1） has been synthesized based on the diisobutylamine and trifluoroacetic acid. The DSC data reveal that 1 undergoes a phase transition at...The structural phase transition compound {[（CH3）2CHCH2]2NH2}·[CF3COO] （1） has been synthesized based on the diisobutylamine and trifluoroacetic acid. The DSC data reveal that 1 undergoes a phase transition at 277 K （Tc）. When one chlorine atom replaces one fluorine atom on trifluoroacetate anion, three order-disorder phase transitions at 251 K （Ti）, 282 K （T2） and 290 K could be achieved owing to a stepwise release of rotation motions of the anion and cation in {[（CH3）2CHCH2]2NH2}·[CF2C[COO] （2）. Based on the variable temperature crystal structures, the phase transition in compound 1 is triggered by the rotation of three fluorine atoms on the trifluoroacetate anion synchronized with the motions of the methyl groups on the diisobutylammonium cation. However, in compound 2, the phase transitions can be realized by a sequence of motions of both the anion and cation. Besides, the dielectric- temperature dependences were investigated in order to prove this regulation process. All of this investigation will be beneficial to design and synthesis of the novel phase transition materials and molecular dielectric materials on pur- pose.展开更多
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA26030301)Hohhot Key R&D Project(2023-JBGSS-1),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A200206,32071864,32325035)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong(to Chunxiang Fu)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR202210270038)。
文摘Alfalfa(Medicago sativa.L.)is a globally significant autotetraploid legume forage crop.However,despite its importance,establishing efficient gene editing systems for cultivated alfalfa remains a formidable challenge.In this study,we pioneered the development of a highly effective ultrasonic-assisted leaf disc transformation system for Gongnong 1 alfalfa,a variety widely cultivated in Northeast China.Subsequently,we created a single transcript CRISPR/Cas9(CRISPR_2.0)toolkit,incorporating multiplex gRNAs,designed for gene editing in Gongnong 1.Both Cas9 and gRNA scaffolds were under the control of the Arabidopsis ubiquitin-10 promoter,a widely employed polymeraseⅡconstitutive promoter known for strong transgene expression in dicots.To assess the toolkit’s efficiency,we targeted PALM1,a gene associated with a recognizable multifoliate phenotype.Utilizing the CRISPR_2.0 toolkit,we directed PALM1 editing at two sites in the wild-type Gongnong 1.Results indicated a 35.1%occurrence of editing events all in target 2 alleles,while no mutations were detected at target 1 in the transgenic-positive lines.To explore more efficient sgRNAs,we developed a rapid,reliable screening system based on Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation,incorporating the visible reporter MtLAP1.This screening system demonstrated that most purple visible hairy roots underwent gene editing.Notably,sgRNA3,with an 83.0%editing efficiency,was selected using the visible hairy root system.As anticipated,tetra-allelic homozygous palm1 mutations exhibited a clear multifoliate phenotype.These palm1 lines demonstrated an average crude protein yield increase of 21.5%compared to trifoliolate alfalfa.Our findings highlight the modified CRISPR_2.0 system as a highly efficient and robust gene editing tool for autotetraploid alfalfa.
基金Supported by the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsSichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization,Chengdu University(2022CC013)。
文摘Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum)is a well-known pseudocereal for its health and economic value.However,abundant antinutritional factors(ANFs)reduces its health benefits.As reported,germination can improve the nutritional profile of grains.In this study,we systematically evaluate the safety of Tartary buckwheat seeds(TB)and Tartary buckwheat sprouts(TBS)used as high active ingredients.After evaluating nutrition levels,bioactive compounds and ANFs in TBS during germinating,5^(th)-day TBS were selected as the raw material.C57BL/6J mice were gavaged daily with distilled water,TB,or TBS for 6 weeks.The physiological indices related to ANFs were determined.Results showed that the TB intake tends to generate negative effects on the gut microbiota,and organs.Additionally,upon TB intake,the Fe^(3+)content in serum,trypsin activity in pancreas and jejunum decreased,while the cytokine,IgE,and histamine levels in serum,water content in faeces,cytokine levels in liver and jejunum increased.Conversely,TBS did not induce any obvious negative effects on the above relevant indices and showed better lipid-lowering effect.Altogether,TBS are safer and more effective as a raw material to produce the functional food for long-term consumption with the intention of preventing and treating hyperlipidaemia.
基金supported by Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen (SZSM201512030)Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund (SZXK032)Shenzhen Fund for Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialties (No. SZGSP012)。
文摘Dear Editor,Human adenoviruses (HAd Vs) are associated with respiratory,gastrointestinal,ophthalmological,genitourinary,and neurological infections.To date,more than 100genotypes of HAd Vs have been identified.They are classified into seven species,A to G (HAd V Working Group,http://hadvwg.gmu.edu/).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41390450,41390454,91730306)the National Science and Technology Major Projects(Grant Nos.2016ZX05024-001-007,2017ZX05069)the National Key R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2018YFC0603501)。
文摘Tight oil/gas medium is a special porous medium,which plays a significant role in oil and gas exploration.This paper is devoted to the derivation of wave equations in such a media,which take a much simpler form compared to the general equations in the poroelasticity theory and can be employed for parameter inversion from seismic data.We start with the fluid and solid motion equations at a pore scale,and deduce the complete Biot’s equations by applying the volume averaging technique.The underlying assumptions are carefully clarified.Moreover,time dependence of the permeability in tight oil/gas media is discussed based on available results from rock physical experiments.Leveraging the Kozeny-Carman equation,time dependence of the porosity is theoretically investigated.We derive the wave equations in tight oil/gas media based on the complete Biot’s equations under some reasonable assumptions on the media.The derived wave equations have the similar form as the diffusiveviscous wave equations.A comparison of the two sets of wave equations reveals explicit relations between the coefficients in diffusive-viscous wave equations and the measurable parameters for the tight oil/gas media.The derived equations are validated by numerical results.Based on the derived equations,reflection and transmission properties for a single tight interlayer are investigated.The numerical results demonstrate that the reflection and transmission of the seismic waves are affected by the thickness and attenuation of the interlayer,which is of great significance for the exploration of oil and gas.
基金The work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61872103)in part by Guangxi Science and Technology Foundation(Guike AB18281019,Guike AD18281026)+1 种基金in part by Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2019GXNSFGA245004)in part by the Foundation of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cognitive Radio and Information Processing(Guilin University of Electronic Technology)(CRKL180107).
文摘Highly nonlinear resilient functions play a crucial role in nonlinear combiners which are usual hardware oriented stream ciphers.During the past three decades,the main idea of construction of highly nonlinear resilient functions are benefited from concatenating a large number of affine subfunctions.However,these resilient functions as core component of ciphers usually suffered from the guess and determine attack or algebraic attack since the n-variable nonlinear Boolean functions can be easily given rise to partial linear relations by fixing at most nil variables of them.How to design highly nonlinear resilient functions(S-boxes)without concatenating a large number of nil variables affine subfunctions appears to be an important task.In this article,a new construction of highly nonlinear resilient functions is proposed.These functions consist of two classes subfunctions.More specially,the first class(nonlinear part)contains both the bent functions with 2k variables and some affine subfUnctions with n/2-k variables which are attained by using[n/2-k,m,d]disjoint linear codes.The second class(linear part)includes some linear subfunctions with nil variables which are attained by using[n/2,m,d]disjoint linear codes.It is illustrated that these resilient functions have high nonlinearity and high algebraic degree.In particular,It is different from previous well-known resilient S-boxes,these new S-boxes cannot be directly decomposed into some affine subftinctions with nil variables by fixing at most nil variables.It means that the S-boxes(vectorial Boolean functions)which use these resilient functions as component functions have more favourable cryptography properties against the guess and determine attack or algebraic attacks.
基金This work was financially supported by the 973 Pro- ject from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China （No. 2014CB84561）, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 21571150, 21431005 and 21390391）.
文摘The structural phase transition compound {[（CH3）2CHCH2]2NH2}·[CF3COO] （1） has been synthesized based on the diisobutylamine and trifluoroacetic acid. The DSC data reveal that 1 undergoes a phase transition at 277 K （Tc）. When one chlorine atom replaces one fluorine atom on trifluoroacetate anion, three order-disorder phase transitions at 251 K （Ti）, 282 K （T2） and 290 K could be achieved owing to a stepwise release of rotation motions of the anion and cation in {[（CH3）2CHCH2]2NH2}·[CF2C[COO] （2）. Based on the variable temperature crystal structures, the phase transition in compound 1 is triggered by the rotation of three fluorine atoms on the trifluoroacetate anion synchronized with the motions of the methyl groups on the diisobutylammonium cation. However, in compound 2, the phase transitions can be realized by a sequence of motions of both the anion and cation. Besides, the dielectric- temperature dependences were investigated in order to prove this regulation process. All of this investigation will be beneficial to design and synthesis of the novel phase transition materials and molecular dielectric materials on pur- pose.
