Exosomes derived from microglia overexpressing miR-124-3p alleviate neuronal endoplasmic reticulum stress damage after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury

We previously reported that miR-124-3p is markedly upregulated in microglia-derived exosomes following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.However,its impact on neuronal endoplasmic reticulum stress following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury remains unclear.In this study,we first used an HT22 scratch injury model to mimic traumatic brain injury,then co-cultured the HT22 cells with BV2 microglia expressing high levels of miR-124-3p.We found that exosomes containing high levels of miR-124-3p attenuated apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress.Furthermore,luciferase reporter assay analysis confirmed that miR-124-3p bound specifically to the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein IRE1α,while an IRE1αfunctional salvage experiment confirmed that miR-124-3p targeted IRE1αand reduced its expression,thereby inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in injured neurons.Finally,we delivered microglia-derived exosomes containing miR-124-3p intranasally to a mouse model of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury and found that endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis levels in hippocampal neurons were significantly reduced.These findings suggest that,after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury,miR-124-3 can be transferred from microglia-derived exosomes to injured neurons,where it exerts a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.Therefore,microglia-derived exosomes containing miR-124-3p may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.

Research and Development of New High-quality Short-season Cotton Varieties and the Industrial Application of High Efficiency Technologies in Shandong Province——Based on the Innovation of Building a Green and Efficient Farming System

Through the analysis of the impact of changes in the cotton planting industry on cotton production structure and benefit in Shandong under the national cotton production pattern in past ten years,based on the guarantee of food security and the overall ecological regional layout of Shandong s agricultural characteristic and advantageous industries,we proposed that through the development of high-quality short-season cotton and the industrial application of high-efficiency technologies,a green and high-efficiency farming system should be established to comprehensively reduce cotton planting costs,improve comparative benefits,and realize green and efficient optimization technologies that unify the stable production of cotton and high-quality cotton supply and the industrial path supported by the new industrial model.It is aimed to speed up the upgrading and transformation of the existing traditional cotton cropping system,reconstruct a ternary structure of grains,economic crops and fodder in the ecological suitable cotton areas and sub-suitable cotton areas in Shandong,and maintain a series of new green and ecological cotton rotation industrial models including the“double security”of the grain and cotton industries,the ecological“double superiority”of "cotton and fodder",and the high-efficiency"double increase"of cotton and garlic,providing a certain foundation for the research on technological integration innovation and industrial structure optimization of the green,efficient and high-quality development and transformation of the cotton industry in Shandong during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period.

Oxide coating mechanism during fluidized bed reduction: solid-state reaction characteristics between iron ore particles and MgO

Experiments on the solid-state reaction between iron ore particles and MgO were performed to investigate the coating mechanism of MgO on the iron ore particles＇ surface during fluidized bed reduction. MgO powders and iron ore particles were mixed and compressed into briquettes and, subsequently, roasted at different temperatures and for different time periods. A Mg-containing layer was observed on the outer edge of the iron ore particles when the roasting temperature was greater than 1173 K. The concentration of Fe in the Mg-containing layer was evenly distributed and was approximately 10wt%, regardless of the temperature change. Boundary layers of Mg and Fe were observed outside of the iron ore particles. The change in concentration of Fe in the boundary layers was simulated using a gas–solid diffusion model, and the diffusion coefficients of Fe and Mg in these layers at different temperatures were calculated. The diffusion activation energies of Fe and Mg in the boundary layers in these experiments were evaluated to be approximately 176 and 172 k J/mol, respectively.

Efficacy of prednisone combined with mycophenolate mofetil for immunoglobulin A nephropathy with moderate-to-severe renal dysfunction

BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin A nephropathy(IgAN)is a common form of chronic glomer-ulonephritis.Currently,IgAN is one of the main causes of chronic renal failure in China;its prognosis varies greatly between patients,with renal function at the time of diagnosis and prognosis being strongly correlated.Mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)is a drug with a good immunomodulatory effect and is commonly used clinically.However,its effects in IgAN have not yet been clearly demonstrated.Therefore,herein,we retrospectively compared the effectiveness and safety of prednisone alone or combined with MMF for the treatment of primary IgAN with moderate-to-severe renal impairment.METHODS Between January 2011 and December 2020,200 patients with moderate-to-severe IgAN were included in this study,all of whom were admitted to Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University.All patients underwent a renal puncture biopsy,which revealed primary IgAN with a glomerular filtration rate(GFR)of 30–60 mL/min.The patients were divided into a glucocorticoid therapy group(GTG)and an immunosuppressive therapy group(ITG)according to the different treatment regimens,with 100 patients in each group.Based on general treatments,such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers,patients in the GTG were administered prednisone 0.5–0.8 mg/(kg·d^(-1))for 4–8 wk,which was reduced by 5 mg every two weeks until the maintenance(30 mg/d)dose was reached and maintained for 12 mo.In the ITG,MMF was administered at 1.0 g/d for 6–12 mo,followed by a maintenance dosage of 0.5 g/d for 12 mo.Age,sex,blood pressure,24-h urinary egg white measurement,serum creatinine(Scr),blood uric acid,blood albumin,blood potassium(K),hemoglobin,GFR,alanine aminotransferase,total cholesterol(T-CHO),fasting blood glucose,and body mass index were recorded.The 24-h urinary protein,Scr,and GFR levels were recorded 3,6,9,and 12 mo after treatment.Follow-up data were also collected.RESULTS No discernible differences existed between the two groups in terms of age,sex,blood pressure,creatinine,24-h urinary protein level,GFR,or other biochemical indicators at the time of enrollment.Both regimens significantly reduced the 24-h urinary protein quantitation and stabilized renal function.Nine months after treatment,the 24-h urinary protein and Scr of the ITG decreased more significantly than those of the GTG.By the 12th month of treatment,the 24-h urinary protein and Scr in both groups continued to decrease compared to those by the 9th month.In addition,the overall response rate in the ITG was significantly higher than that in the GTG.The occurrence of side effects did not vary significantly between the two regimens;however,endpoint events were significantly more common in the GTG than in the ITG.The follow-up time for the GTG was noticeably lower than that for the ITG.CONCLUSION Prednisone combined with MMF was effective for the treatment of IgAN with moderate-to-severe renal dysfunction.

A Blockchain-Based Life-Cycle Environmental Management Framework for Hospitals in the COVID-19 Context

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency, many hospitals were built or renovated around the world to meet the challenges posed by the rising number of infected cases. Environmental management in the hospital life cycle is vital in preventing nosocomial infection and includes many infection control procedures. In certain urgent situations, a hospital must be completed quickly, and work process approval and supervision must therefore be accelerated. Thus, many works cannot be checked in detail. This results in a lack of work liability control and increases the difficulty of ensuring the fulfillment of key infection prevention measures. This study investigates how blockchain technology can transform the work quality inspection workflow to assist in nosocomial infection control under a fast delivery requirement. A blockchain-based life-cycle environmental management framework is proposed to track the fulfillment of crucial infection control measures in the design, construction, and operation stages of hospitals. The proposed framework allows for work quality checking after the work is completed, when some work cannot be checked on time. Illustrative use cases are selected to demonstrate the capabilities of the developed solution. This study provides new insights into applying blockchain technology to address the challenge of environmental management brought by rapid delivery requirements.

Anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody and anti-aquaporin-4 antibody double-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder:A case report

BACKGROUND A case of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)with positive cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)anti-aquaporin-4 antibody(AQP4-IgG)and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein IgG(GFAP-IgG)at the time of relapse was reported.The exact roles of GFAP-IgG in NMOSD are not fully understood and are the subject of ongoing research.This study revealed the possible connection between GFAPIgG and the occurrence or development of diseases.CASE SUMMARY A 19-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital due to a constellation of symptoms,including dizziness,nausea,and vomiting that commenced 1 year prior,reoccurred 2 mo ago,and were accompanied by visual blurring that also began 2 mo ago.Additionally,she presented with slurred speech and ptosis,both of which emerged 1 mo ago.Notably,her symptoms deteriorated 10 d prior to admission,leading to the onset of arm and leg weakness.During hospitalization,magnetic resonance imaging showed high T2-fluid attenuated inversion recovery signals,and slightly high and equal diffusion-weighted imaging signals.The serum antibody of AQP4-IgG tested positive at a dilution of 1:100.CSF antibody testing showed positive results for GFAP-IgG at a dilution of 1:10 and AQP4-IgG at a dilution of 1:32.Based on these findings,the patient was diagnosed with NMOSD.She received intravenous methylprednisolone at a daily dose of 500 mg for 5 d,followed by a tapering-off period.Afterward,the rate of reduction was gradually slowed down and the timely use of immunosuppressants was implemented.CONCLUSION The CFS was slightly GFAP-IgG-positive during the relapse period,which can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

杜仲胶/聚丁烯-1形状记忆复合材料的制备与性能

以杜仲胶(EUG)和聚丁烯-1(PB-1)为原材料,通过物理机械共混和化学交联的方法制备具有双连续相结构EUG/PB-1形状记忆复合材料,探讨了共混比对材料硫化特性、物理力学性能、耐热性、微观形貌、形状记忆性能的影响。研究结果表明,当EUG/PB-1共混比由90/10变化至60/40时,交联程度有所降低;力学强度和硬度降低然而耐热性明显提高;形变率(Δε)、形状固定率(Rf)均呈上升趋势,而形状回复率(Rr)因交联程度降低略有下降,当共混比为80/20和70/30时,形状记忆性能较好。

基于中国大学MOOC和超星学习通平台的化学与社会课程在线教学实践

采用国家精品在线开放课程作为课程资源、超星学习通作为智慧教学工具,成功开展了化学与社会课程在线教学。实践表明,基于MOOC和超星学习通相结合的在线教学形式受到了学生的欢迎,参与积极性高,教学效果良好。

以通用型化工学训工场和大型化工企业为基地开展本科实习教育的探索

化工生产实习是化工类专业教学的重要环节,旨在培养和提高学生实践动手能力。面对现在校企合作实习举步维艰的境地,提出了一种高校结合化工学训工场和大型化工企业为基地开展本科实习教育的模式,并就该模式的优势和效果进行了探讨,为推动化工专业生产实习教学改革提供参考。

菌-肠-脑轴与血脑屏障通透性的相关性研究进展

肠道内数量庞大的菌群对宿主的生理病理功能有着不可忽视的影响.研究显示肠道菌群能够通过合成和释放一些重要的神经递质及调节因子来影响中枢神经系统的功能,肠道菌群的紊乱与血脑屏障完整性降低有关.肠道菌群的稳态在预防与治疗神经退行性疾病中有重要意义.本文拟综述血脑屏障完整性与菌-肠-脑轴相关性的最新进展,为从肠道出发治疗神经系统疾病提供新的方向.

短链脂肪酸调节肠黏膜屏障缓解炎性肠病新进展

肠道微生物群在维持人体肠道内环境中的重要性被逐渐揭示,其代谢产物参与调节肠道多种生理学功能.短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids,SCFAs)是肠道微生物群的代谢产物,不仅是肠上皮细胞(intestinal epithelialcells,IECs)的重要能量来源之一,而且通过不同机制调节肠上皮细胞增殖、分化,保护肠黏膜屏障的完整性和通透性,促进肠道粘液分泌的平衡与紧密连接表达的稳定性.炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是一种特发性肠道炎症性疾病,发病率高引起广泛关注,以黏膜炎症与通透性改变为主要表现,但其病因和发病机制尚未完全明确.大量研究表明SCFAs对维持结肠的正常功能和结肠上皮细胞的形态和功能具有重要作用.本文就SCFAs通过调节肠黏膜屏障缓解IBD的作用最新研究进行综述,以期为临床治疗IBD提供新靶点.

Paneth cell与肠道健康

潘氏细胞(paneth cell,PC)是由肠道干细胞(intestinal stem cells,ISC)分化而来并定居于小肠隐窝底部的分泌性细胞,是肠道健康的重要“守卫者”.PC可分泌多种抗菌肽和细胞因子以调节肠道稳态与免疫反应,还可以合成分泌多种生长因子维持ISC的生态位,调控ISC增殖分化,甚至可作为静态干细胞库,在肠组织受损时获得干细胞样特性促进组织再生,从而有助于修复受损的肠组织.此外,PC与一些影响肠道健康的疾病密切相关,如炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)和结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC),对于PC的研究或许可以为这些疾病的治疗提供思路.由此可见,PC功能的正常在维持肠道生理作用中值得高度重视.

Effects of nano-HMX on the properties of RDX-CMDB propellant:Higher energy and lower sensitivity

Batch preparation of nano-HMX was achieved via a mechanical trituration method. The morphology and particle size of nano-HMX and raw RDX were characterized using SEM. Then nano-HMX was used in a formulation of composite modified double base propellant containing RDX. The method is to use nanoHMX to replace the RDX in the formulation by 10% gradually with the total mass content of RDX and HMX unchanged. The burning rate, mechanical sensitivity and mechanical property of propellant strands with different mass content of nano-HMX were tested. The results indicate that the 30% content of nanoHMX has the best comprehensive performance which can be used as an improvement of the existing formula. A possible mechanism of action was discussed.

Prevalence and Determinants of High-risk HPV Infection among 11549 Women from an Opportunistic Screening in Hubei Province

High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection plays an important role in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer.A total of 11 549 women were enrolled from the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province.Each participant accepted hrHPV testing and completed a self^administered questionnaire about basic information and potential risk factors.The univariable and multivariable logistic regression model was used to explore the associations between variants and hrHPV infection.Our results showed that hrHPV prevalence was 16.09% in Hubei Province,among which,hrHPV was more likely to be positive in women aged 51 years or above (OR=1.65,95% CI:1.28-2.14),and in women who had symptoms of bleeding after intercourse (OR=1.32,95% CI:1.17-1.50),had first sexual intercourse at the age of 18 years or below (OR=1.33,95% CI:1.07-1.64),had at least three male sexual partners (OR=2.50,95% CI:2.07-3.03),and who had been diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections (OR=1.50,95% CI:1.12-2.03).Married women (OR=0.66,95% CI:0.55-0.78) and women who frequently used condoms (OR=0.75,95% CI:0.67-0.84) had a relatively lower hrHPV prevalence.This study confirms that hrHPV infection was associated with age,marital status,symptoms of intercourse bleeding,history of sexually transmitted infections,and sex-related behaviors.Above all,this study provides a baseline database prior to obtaining vaccinations for dynamic tracking of the changes in hrHPV prevalence.

Anti-inflammatory effects of astaxanthin against fungal keratitis

AIM:To characterize effect of astaxanthin(ASX)in Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus)induced keratitis in mouse model.METHODS:In vivo,fungal keratitis mouse model was established in C57BL/6 mice using A.fumigatus,followed by ASX or dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)treatment.Clinical responses were evaluated by clinical score and myeloperoxidase(MPO)assay.Inflammatory cytokines were assessed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),Western blot,immunofluorescence,and enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS:In animal model,ASX improved corneal transparency and clinical response,suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokine like IL-1β,TNF-α,and HMGB-1.Neutrophil levels have been shown to decrease in ASX-treated cornea by immunofluorescence and MPO.TLR2 and TLR4 levels were lower in ASX-treated group than DMSO-treated.CONCLUSION:ASX can suppress inflammatory response and reduce inflammatory cytokine production in mice model with A.fumigatus keratitis.

穴位贴敷联合艾灸治疗肿瘤患者阿片类药物相关性便秘的效果

目的探讨穴位贴敷联合艾灸治疗肿瘤患者阿片类药物相关性便秘的疗效。方法选取2018年2月~2020年2月收治于我院肿瘤科的70例阿片类药物相关性便秘的肿瘤患者,采用随机数字表法分为治疗组与对照组,各35例。对照组通便予以麻仁润肠丸治疗,治疗组予以穴位贴敷联合艾灸治疗,两组共治疗10 d后,对两组患者的便秘情况和临床疗效进行比较。结果治疗组便秘患者临床疗总有效率为94.29%,高于对照组的62.86%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗前在排便的次数、排便困难程度、大便的性状等症候积分无显著性差异(P>0.05);治疗组症候积分在治疗后明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论穴位贴敷联合艾灸治疗肿瘤患者阿片类药物相关性便秘疗效确切,对改善患者便秘症状有效,可在临床推广应用。

Influence of hydrogen concentration on Fe_2O_3 particle reduction in fluidized beds under constant drag force

The fixed-gas drag force from a model calculation method that stabilizes the agitation capabilities of different gas ratios was used to explore the influence of temperature and hydrogen concentration on fluidizing duration, metallization ratio, utilization rate of reduction gas, and sticking behavior. Different hydrogen concentrations from 5vol%to 100vol%at 1073 and 1273 K were used while the drag force with the flow of N2 and H2 （N2：2 L·min^-1;H2：2 L·min^-1） at 1073 K was chosen as the standard drag force. The metallization ratio, mean reduc-tion rate, and utilization rate of reduction gas were observed to generally increase with increasing hydrogen concentration. Faster reduction rates and higher metallization ratios were obtained when the reduction temperature decreased from 1273 to 1073 K. A numerical relation among particle diameter, particle drag force, and fluidization state was plotted in a diagram by this model.

Distribution characteristics and controlling factors of typical antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in river networks in western area of Wangyu River,China

Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)pose health risks in aquatic environments because of their persistence and mobility.River networks can provide a perfect opportunity for exploring the occurrence and enrichment of ARGs and antibiotics in freshwater environments.On this basis,the abundances of four types of antibiotics(sulfonamides,quinolones,tetracyclines,and macrolides)and 13 ARGs(sulⅠ,sulⅡ,tetA,tetB,tetO,tetW,qnrA,qnrS,qnrD,ermB,ermF,ermC,and ere A)were measured in the river networks of the west bank of the Wangyu River in China.The spatial distribution and temporal variation of these antibiotics and ARGs were characterized,and their controlling factors were analyzed.All four types of antibiotics were detected with high frequencies between 41%and 100%.Quinolone antibiotics exhibited the highest average concentration(286.53 ng/L).The concentrations of quinolones,tetracyclines,and macrolides were significantly higher in the winter than in the summer,whereas the concentration of sulfonamides was higher in wet periods than in dry periods.Of the 13 ARGs,sulⅠwas the most abundant(1.28 x 10^(5)copies per milliliter),followed by sulⅡand tetO(5.41×10^(4)and 4.45×10^(4)copies per milliliter,respectively).The canonical correspondence analysis showed that environmental factors,including dissolved oxygen,water temperature,total nitrogen,pH,and total phosphorus,had significant effects on the abundance of ARGs.sulⅠ,sulⅡ,tetA,and tetB were significantly correlated with 16S ribosomal RNA sequences,indicating that the bacterioplankton community might affect the distribution of ARGs.The correlation heat map analysis showed that the spread of ARGs was influenced by specific bacterial groups,such as Acidobacteria and Cyanobacteria,indicating that these bacterioplankton may be the hosts of environmental ARGs.

Retrospective research of neoadjuvant therapy on tumordownstaging,post-operative complications,and prognosis in locally advanced rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)is becoming increasingly important in locally advanced rectal cancer.Hence,such research has become a problem.AIM To evaluate the downstaging effect of NAT,its impact on postoperative complications and its prognosis with different medical regimens.METHODS Seventy-seven cases from Shanghai Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine were retrospectively collected and divided into the neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy(NRCT)group and the neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NCT)group.The differences between the two groups in tumor regression,postoperative complications,rectal function,disease-free survival,and overall survival were compared using theχ2 test and Kaplan-Meier analysis.RESULTS Baseline data showed no statistical differences between the two groups,whereas the NRCT group had a higher rate of T4(30/55 vs 5/22,P<0.05)than the NCT groups.Twelve cases were evaluated as complete responders,and 15 cases were evaluated as tumor regression grade 0.Except for the reduction rate of T stage(NRCT 37/55 vs NCT 9/22,P<0.05),there was no difference in effectiveness between the two groups.Preoperative radiation was not a risk factor for poor reaction or anastomotic leakage.No significant difference in postoperative complications and disease-free survival between the two groups was observed,although the NRCT group might have better long-term overall survival.CONCLUSION NAT can cause tumor downstaging preoperatively or even complete remission of the primary tumor.Radiochemotherapy could lead to better T downstaging and promising overall survival without more complications.

Phenylfluorenamine-functionalized poly(N-vinylcarbazole)s as dopant-free polymer hole-transporting materials for inverted quasi-2D perovskite solar cells

In order to improve the efficiency and stability of inverted three-dimensional(3D) or quasi-2D perovskite solar cells(PSCs) for future commercialization, exploring high efficient dopant-free polymer holetransporting materials(HTMs) is still desired and meaningful. One simple and efficient way to achieve high performance dopant-free HTMs is to synthesize novel non-conjugated side-chain polymers via rational molecular design. In this work, N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine(FMeNPh) groups are introduced into the poly(N-vinylcarbazole)(PVK) side chains to afford two nonconjugated polymers PVCz-DFMeNPh and PVCz-FMeNPh as dopant-free HTMs in inverted quasi-2D PSCs. Benefited from the flexible properties of polyethylene backbone and excellent optoelectronic natures of FMeNPh side-chain groups, PVCz-DFMeNPh with more FMeNPh units exhibited excellent thermal stability, well-matched energy levels and improved charge mobility as compared to PTAA and PVCzFMeNPh. Moreover, the morphologies investigation of quasi-2D perovskite on PVCz-DFMeNPh shows more compact and homogeneous perovskite films than those on PTAA and PVCz-FMeNPh. As a result,the dopant-free PVCz-DFMeNPh based inverted quasi-2D PSCs deliver power conversion efficiency(PCE) up to 18.44% as well as negligible hysteresis and favorable long-term stability, which represents as excellent performance reported to date for inverted quasi-2D PSCs. The results demonstrate the great potentials of constructing non-conjugated side-chain polymer HTMs based on phenylfluorenamine-func tionalized PVK for the development of high efficient and stable inverted 3D or quasi-2D PSCs.