Evaluation of the GATIS score for predicting prognosis in rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms

The GATIS score,developed by Zeng et al,represents a significant advancement in predicting the prognosis of patients with rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms(RNENs).This study,which included 1408 patients from 17 major medical centres in China over 12 years,introduces a novel prognostic model based on the tumour grade,T stage,tumour size,age,and the prognostic nutritional index.Compared with traditional methods such as the World Health Organization classification and TNM staging systems,the GATIS score has superior predictive power for overall survival and progression-free survival.With a C-index of 0.915 in the training set and 0.812 in the external validation set,the GATIS score’s robustness and reliability are evident.The study’s use of a large,multi-centre cohort and rigorous validation processes underscore its significance.The GATIS score offers clinicians a powerful tool to accurately predict patient outcomes,guide treatment decisions,and improve follow-up strategies.This development represents a crucial step forwards in the management of R-NENs,addressing the complexity and variability of these tumours and setting a new benchmark for future research and clinical practice.

Investigating the relationship between intracranial atherosclerotic plaque remodelling and diabetes using high-resolution vessel wall imaging

BACKGROUND Intracranial atherosclerosis,a leading cause of stroke,involves arterial plaque formation.This study explores the link between plaque remodelling patterns and diabetes using high-resolution vessel wall imaging(HR-VWI).AIM To investigate the factors of intracranial atherosclerotic remodelling patterns and the relationship between intracranial atherosclerotic remodelling and diabetes mellitus using HR-VWI.METHODS Ninety-four patients diagnosed with middle cerebral artery or basilar artery INTRODUCTION Intracranial atherosclerotic disease is one of the main causes of ischaemic stroke in the world,accounting for approx-imately 10%of transient ischaemic attacks and 30%-50%of ischaemic strokes[1].It is the most common factor among Asian people[2].The adaptive changes in the structure and function of blood vessels that can adapt to changes in the internal and external environment are called vascular remodelling,which is a common and important pathological mechanism in atherosclerotic diseases,and the remodelling mode of atherosclerotic plaques is closely related to the occurrence of stroke.Positive remodelling(PR)is an outwards compensatory remodelling where the arterial wall grows outwards in an attempt to maintain a constant lumen diameter.For a long time,it was believed that the degree of stenosis can accurately reflect the risk of ischaemic stroke[3-5].Previous studies have revealed that lesions without significant luminal stenosis can also lead to acute events[6,7],as summarized in a recent meta-analysis study in which approximately 50%of acute/subacute ischaemic events were due to this type of lesion[6].Research[8,9]has pointed out that the PR of plaques is more dangerous and more likely to cause acute ischaemic stroke.Previous studies[10-13]have found that there are specific vascular remodelling phenomena in the coronary and carotid arteries of diabetic patients.However,due to the deep location and small lumen of intracranial arteries and limitations of imaging techniques,the relationship between intracranial arterial remodelling and diabetes is still unclear.In recent years,with the development of magnetic resonance technology and the emergence of high-resolution(HR)vascular wall imaging,a clear and multidimensional display of the intracranial vascular wall has been achieved.Therefore,in this study,HR wall imaging(HR-VWI)was used to display the remodelling characteristics of bilateral middle cerebral arteries and basilar arteries and to explore the factors of intracranial vascular remodelling and its relationship with diabetes.

Computed tomography combined with gastroscopy for assessment of pancreatic segmental portal hypertension

BACKGROUND Pancreatic segmental portal hypertension(PSPH) is the only type of portal hypertension that can be completely cured. However, it can easily cause varicose veins in the esophagus and stomach and hemorrhage in the digestive tract.AIM To explore the application of computed tomography(CT) to examine the characteristics of PSPH and assess the risk level.METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of CT images of 22 patients diagnosed with PSPH at our center. Spearman correlation analysis was performed using the range of esophageal and gastric varices(measured by the vertical gastric wall), the ratio of the width of the splenic portal vein to that of the compression site(S/C ratio), the degree of splenomegaly, and the stage determined by gastroscopy. This study examined whether patients experienced gastrointestinal bleeding within 2 wk and combined CT and gastroscopy to explore the connection between bleeding and CT findings.RESULTS The range of esophageal and gastric varices showed the best correlation in the diagnosis of PSPH(P < 0.001), and the S/C ratio(P = 0.007) was correlated with the degree of splenomegaly(P = 0.021) and PSPH(P < 0.05). This study revealed that male patients were more likely than females to progress to grade 2 or grade 3 as determined by gastroscopy. CT demonstrated excellent performance, with an area under the curve of 0.879.CONCLUSION CT can be used to effectively analyze the imaging signs of PSPH, and CT combined with gastroscopy can effectively predict the risk level of gastrointestinal bleeding.

A review of current research on spin currents and spin–orbit torques

Spintronics is a new discipline focusing on the research and application of electronic spin properties. After the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance effect in 1988, spintronics has had a huge impact on scientific progress and related applications in the development of information technology. In recent decades, the main motivation in spintronics has been efficiently controlling local magnetization using electron flow or voltage rather than controlling the electron flow using magnetization. Using spin-orbit coupling in a material can convert a charge current into a pure spin current(a flow of spin momenta without a charge flow) and generate a spin-orbit torque on the adjacent ferromagnets. The ability of spintronic devices to utilize spin-orbit torques to manipulate the magnetization has resulted in large-scale developments such as magnetic random-access memories and has boosted the spintronic research area. Here in, we review the theoretical and experimental results that have established this subfield of spintronics. We introduce the concept of a pure spin current and spin-orbit torques within the experimental framework, and we review transport-, magnetization-dynamics-, and opticalbased measurements and link then to both phenomenological and microscopic theories of the effect. The focus is on the related progress reported from Chinese universities and institutes, and we specifically highlight the contributions made by Chinese researchers.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia involving portal venous system:A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia(HHT)is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with an incidence of approximately 1 in 5000 in the general population.It is characterized by vasodilation,which affects specific organs,such as the skin,mucous membranes,brain,lungs,gastrointestinal tract,liver,and others.However,HHT rarely involves the portal venous system to cause serious clinical compli-cations.CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department due to four consecutive days of abdominal pain and bloody stool and was subsequently diagnosed with HHT.Computed tomography angiography confirmed the presence of an arteriovenous fistula(AVFs).Considering this specific manifestation,whole exome sequencing was performed.After a comprehensive evaluation,a selective superior mesenteric artery embolization was prioritized to avoid intestinal ischemia.The postoperative symptoms of the patient were quickly relieved.Unfortunately,two months post-procedure the patient died from intestinal necrosis and abdominal infection related to remaining AVFs.CONCLUSION For patients with diffuse superior mesenteric AVFs,selective mesenteric arterial embolization may lead to positive short-term outcomes.

Distinctive magnetic resonance imaging features in primary central nervous system lymphoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL)is a rare malignant tumor originating from the lymphatic hematopoietic system.It exhibits unique imaging manifestations due to its biological characteristics.CASE SUMMARY Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)with diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI),perfusion-weighted imaging(PWI),and magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed.The imaging findings showed multiple space-occupying lesions with low signal on T1-weighted imaging,uniform high signal on T2-weighted imaging,and obvious enhancement on contrast-enhanced scans.DWI revealed diffusion restriction,PWI demonstrated hypoperfusion,and spectroscopy showed elevated choline peak and decreased N-acetylaspartic acid.The patient's condition significantly improved after hormone shock therapy.CONCLUSION This case highlights the distinctive imaging features of PCNSL and their importance in accurate diagnosis and management.

Morphological changes in Parkinson's disease based on magnetic resonance imaging:A mini-review of subcortical structures segmentation and shape analysis

Parkinson's disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra,resulting in clinical symptoms,including bradykinesia,resting tremor,rigidity,and postural instability.The pathophysiological changes in PD are inextricably linked to the subcortical structures.Shape analysis is a method for quantifying the volume or surface morphology of structures using magnetic resonance imaging.In this review,we discuss the recent advances in morphological analysis techniques for studying the subcortical structures in PD in vivo.This approach includes available pipelines for volume and shape analysis,focusing on the morphological features of volume and surface area.

Role of two-dimensional shear wave elastography in predicting posthepatectomy liver failure:A step forwards in hepatic surgery

This study explores the significance of using two-dimensional shear wave elastography(2D-SWE)to assess liver stiffness(LS)and spleen area(SPA)for predicting post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF).By providing a non-invasive method to measure LS,which correlates with the degree of liver fibrosis,and SPA,an indicator of portal hypertension,2D-SWE offers a comprehensive evaluation of a patient’s hepatic status.These advancements are particularly crucial in hepatic surgery,where accurate preoperative assessments are essential for optimizing surgical outcomes and minimizing complications.This letter highlights the prac-tical implications of integrating 2D-SWE into clinical practice,emphasizing its potential to improve patient safety and surgical precision by enhancing the ability to predict PHLF and tailor surgical approaches accordingly.

Prevalence and risk factors of stroke in China:a national serial cross-sectional study from 2003 to 2018

Stroke imposes a substantial burden worldwide.With the rapid economic and lifestyle transition in China,trends of the prevalence of stroke across different geographic regions in China remain largely unknown.Capitalizing on the data in the National Health Services Surveys(NHSS),we assessed the prevalence and risk factors of stroke in China from 2003 to 2018.In this study,data from 2003,2008,2013,and 2018 NHSS were collected.Stroke cases were based on participants’self-report of a previous diagnosis by clinicians.We estimated the trends of stroke prevalence for the overall population and subgroups by age,sex,and socioeconomic factors,then compared across different geographic regions.We applied multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between stroke and risk factors.The number of participants aged 15 years or older were 154,077,146,231,230,067,and 212,318 in 2003,2008,2013,and 2018,respectively,among whom,1435,1996,3781,and 6069 were stroke patients.The age and sex standardized prevalence per 100,000 individuals was 879 in 2003,1100 in 2008,1098 in 2013,and 1613 in 2018.Prevalence per 100,000 individuals in rural areas increased from 669 in 2003 to 1898 in 2018,while urban areas had a stable trend from 1261 in 2003 to 1365 in 2018.Across geographic regions,the central region consistently had the highest prevalence,but the western region has an alarmingly increasing trend from 623/100,000 in 2003 to 1898/100,000 in 2018(Ptrend<0.001),surpassing the eastern region in 2013.Advanced age,male sex,rural area,central region,hypertension,diabetes,depression,low education and income level,retirement or unemployment,excessive physical activity,and unimproved sanitation facilities were significantly associated with stroke.In conclusion,the increasing prevalence of stroke in China was primarily driven by economically underdeveloped regions.It is important to develop targeted prevention programs in underdeveloped regions.Besides traditional risk factors,more attention should be paid to nontraditional risk factors to improve the prevention of stroke.

Erosion and deuterium retention behavior of tungsten exposed to impurity-seeded deuterium plasma

The effect of plasma impurity seeding on erosion and deuterium(D)retention behavior of tungsten(W)is investigated on linear experimental plasma system(LEPS).The incident D energy is 38 and 71 eV per D,and the D fluence varies from 3×10^(23)to 1×10^(26)D·m^(-2).The results of erosion reveal that argon(Ar)seeding strongly enhances erosion,helium(He)seed-ing slightly increases sputtering yield depending on the ratio of He in plasma,while nitrogen(N)seeding inhibits erosion and reduces the sputtering yield.Furthermore,O impurity dominates the erosion behavior during pure D plasma exposure when the D incident energy is lower than the sputtering threshold of W by D.For blistering and D retention behavior,compared with pure D exposure,Ar seeding reduces the amount and increases the size of blister,and leads to the increase of D inven-tory.He seeding has the opposite result,showing almost no blisters at sample surface and a dramatic drop in D retention.D retention decreases with increasing N content,and ruptured blisters are observed at a high D fluence of 1×10^(26)D·m^(-2).