著作权法视野下人工智能生成物保护研究

随着计算机技术和网络通信行业不断地进步,人工智能技术的发展突飞猛进,人工智能生成物在知识产权市场上频繁出现。然而现有著作权法无法为其提供合法的制度保护,生成物客体属性与著作权归属模式极具争议,相关法律纠纷的出现凸显理论证成与现实需求的矛盾。人工智能时代,应在认识和分析法律困境的基础上,积极探索与科技发展相适应的法律制度,并以此促进人工智能产业持续发展。通过对现阶段人工智能与其生成物的界定,分析人工智能客体地位确认的理论依据与现实意义,从而选择合理且可行的权利归属模式。

凉山地区适宜燕麦品种筛选评价研究

试验旨在筛选出适宜凉山地区种植的粮饲兼用燕麦品种。试验选取5个燕麦新品种,测定农艺性状、产量、营养成分等。结果表明,白燕10号株高、有效分蘖数、牧草产量、种子产量均最高,分别为151.14 cm、332.67万株/hm^(2)、31307.33 kg/hm^(2)和4984.16 kg/hm^(2),白燕10号的千粒重位居第二,为23.60 g。坝莜14号千粒重最高,为24.60 g,种子产量位居第二,为4807.43 kg/hm^(2)。不同燕麦品种种子的粗蛋白含量为15.65%~18.93%,粗脂肪含量为5.00%~8.21%,粗淀粉含量为55.84%~60.39%,β-葡聚糖含量为4.09%~5.19%。白燕10号和坝莜14号的等权关联度、加权关联度排名前两位。研究表明,白燕10号和坝莜14号综合性状均高于其他品种,适宜在凉山地区推广种植。

Studies on the temporal,structural,and interacting features of the clubroot resistance gene Rcr1 using CRISPR/Cas9-based systems

Clubroot disease is a severe threat to Brassica crops globally,particularly in western Canada.Genetic resistance,achieved through pyramiding clubroot resistance(CR)genes with different modes of action,is the most important strategy for managing the disease.However,studies on the CR gene functions are quite limited.In this study,we have conducted investigations into the temporal,structural,and interacting features of a newly cloned CR gene,Rcr1,using CRISPR/Cas9 technology.For temporal functionality,we developed a novel CRISPR/Cas9-based binary vector,pHHIGR-Hsp18.2,to deliver Rcr1 into a susceptible canola line(DH12075)and observed that early expression of Rcr1 is critical for conferring resistance.For structural functionality,several independent mutations in specific domains of Rcr1 resulted in loss-offunction,highlighting their importance for CR phenotype.In the study of the interacting features of Rcr1,a cysteine protease gene and its homologous allele in canola were successfully disrupted via CRISPR/Cas9 as an interacting component with Rcr1 protein,resulting in the conversion from clubroot resistant to susceptible in plants carrying intact Rcr1.These results indicated an indispensable role of these two cysteine proteases in Rcr1-mediated resistance response.This study,the first of its kind,provides valuable insights into the functionality of Rcr1.Further,the new vector p HHIGR-Hsp18.2 demonstrated an inducible feature on the removal of add-on traits,which should be useful for functional genomics and other similar research in brassica crops.

Cloud-Type-Dependent 1DVAR Algorithm for Retrieving Hydrometeors and Precipitation in Tropical Cyclone Nanmadol from GMI Data

Understanding the structure of tropical cyclone(TC)hydrometeors is crucial for detecting the changes in the distribution and intensity of precipitation.In this study,the GMI brightness temperature and cloud-dependent 1DVAR algorithm were used to retrieve the hydrometeor profiles and surface rain rate of TC Nanmadol(2022).The Advanced Radiative Transfer Modeling System(ARMS)was used to calculate the Jacobian and degrees of freedom(△DOF)of cloud water,rainwater,and graupel for different channels of GMI in convective conditions.The retrieval results were compared with the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar(DPR),GMI 2A,and IMERG products.It is shown that from all channels of GMI,rain water has the highest△DOF,at 1.72.According to the radiance Jacobian to atmospheric state variables,cloud water emission dominates its scattering.For rain water,the emission of channels 1–4 dominates scattering.Compared with the GMI 2A precipitation product,the 1DVAR precipitation rate has a higher correlation coefficient(0.713)with the IMERG product and can better reflect the location of TC precipitation.Near the TC eyewall,the highest radar echo top indicates strong convection.Near the melting layer where Ka-band attenuation is strong,the double frequency difference of DPR data reflects the location of the melting.The DPR drop size distribution(DSD)product shows that there is a significant increase in particle size below the melting layer in the spiral rain band.Thus,the particle size may be one of the main reasons for the smaller rain water below the melting layer retrieved from 1DVAR.

Optimal Assimilation of Microwave Upper-Level Sounding Data in CMA-GFS

Various approaches have been proposed to minimize the upper-level systematic biases in global numerical weather prediction(NWP)models by using satellite upper-air sounding channels as anchors.However,since the China Meteorological Administration Global Forecast System(CMA-GFS)has a model top near 0.1 hPa(60 km),the upper-level temperature bias may exceed 4 K near 1 hPa and further extend to 5 hPa.In this study,channels 12–14 of the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit A(AMSU-A)onboard five satellites of NOAA and METOP,whose weighting function peaks range from 10 to 2 hPa are all used as anchor observations in CMA-GFS.It is shown that the new“Anchor”approach can effectively reduce the biases near the model top and their downward propagation in three-month assimilation cycles.The bias growth rate of simulated upper-level channel observations is reduced to±0.001 K d^(–1),compared to–0.03 K d^(–1)derived from the current dynamic correction scheme.The relatively stable bias significantly improves the upper-level analysis field and leads to better global medium-range forecasts up to 10 days with significant reductions in the temperature and geopotential forecast error above 10 hPa.

FusionNN:A Semantic Feature Fusion Model Based on Multimodal for Web Anomaly Detection

With the rapid development of the mobile communication and the Internet,the previous web anomaly detectionand identificationmodels were built relying on security experts’empirical knowledge and attack features.Althoughthis approach can achieve higher detection performance,it requires huge human labor and resources to maintainthe feature library.In contrast,semantic feature engineering can dynamically discover new semantic featuresand optimize feature selection by automatically analyzing the semantic information contained in the data itself,thus reducing dependence on prior knowledge.However,current semantic features still have the problem ofsemantic expression singularity,as they are extracted from a single semantic mode such as word segmentation,character segmentation,or arbitrary semantic feature extraction.This paper extracts features of web requestsfrom dual semantic granularity,and proposes a semantic feature fusion method to solve the above problems.Themethod first preprocesses web requests,and extracts word-level and character-level semantic features of URLs viaconvolutional neural network(CNN),respectively.By constructing three loss functions to reduce losses betweenfeatures,labels and categories.Experiments on the HTTP CSIC 2010,Malicious URLs and HttpParams datasetsverify the proposedmethod.Results show that compared withmachine learning,deep learningmethods and BERTmodel,the proposed method has better detection performance.And it achieved the best detection rate of 99.16%in the dataset HttpParams.

Tailoring the microstructure of Mg-Al-Sn-RE alloy via friction stir processing and the impact on its electrochemical discharge behaviour as the anode for Mg-air battery

Constructing the magnesium alloy with fine grains,low density of dislocations,and weak crystal orientation is of crucial importance to enhance its comprehensive performance as the anode for Mg-air battery.However,this unique microstructure can hardly be achieved with conventional plastic deformation such as rolling or extrusion.Herein,we tailor the microstructure of Mg-Al-Sn-RE alloy by using the friction stir processing,which obviously refines the grains without increasing dislocation density or strengthening crystal orientation.The Mg-air battery with the processed Mg-Al-Sn-RE alloy as the anode exhibits higher discharge voltages and capacities than that employing the untreated anode.Furthermore,the impact of friction stir processing on the electrochemical discharge behaviour of Mg-Al-Sn-RE anode and the corresponding mechanism are also analysed according to microstructure characterization and electrochemical response.

The Conversion of Non-Dispersed Polymers into Low-Potassium Anti-Collapse Drilling Fluids

Different drillingfluid systems are designed according to mineral composition,lithology and wellbore stability of different strata.In the present study,the conversion of a non-dispersed polymer drillingfluid into a low potas-sium anti-collapsing drillingfluid is investigated.Since the two drillingfluids belong to completely different types,the key to this conversion is represented by new inhibitors,dispersants and water-loss agents by which a non-dispersed drillingfluid can be turned into a dispersed drillingfluid while ensuring wellbore stability and reason-able rheology(carrying sand—inhibiting cuttings dispersion).In particular,the(QYZ-1)inhibitors and(FSJSS-2)dispersants are used.The former can inhibit the hydration expansion capacity of clay,reduce the dynamic shear force and weaken the viscosity;the latter can improve the sealing effect and reduce thefiltrate loss.The results have shown that after adding a reasonable proportion of these substances(QYZ-1:FSJSS-2)to the non-dispersed polymer drillingfluid,while the apparent viscosity,plastic viscosity,structural viscosity andfluidity index under-went almost negligible changes,the dynamic plastic ratio increased,and thefiltration loss decreased significantly,thereby indicating good compatibility.According to the tests(conducted in the Leijia area),the density was 1.293 g/cm3,and after standing for 24 h,the SF(static settlement factor)was 0.51.Moreover,thefiltration loss was reduced to 4.0 mL,the rolling recovery rate reached 96.92%,with excellent plugging and anti-collapse performances.

A review on anti-inflammation activity of phenol compound paeonol

Paeonol is a bioactive phenol present in Dioscorea japonica,Paeonia suff ruticosa and Paeonia lactiflora.It is the main active ingredient in the traditional Chinese medicines Mudanpi and Xu Changqing.Clinical applications of paeonol are mainly focused on anti-inflammatory effects due to its ability to act as an antioxidant,a regulator of inflammatory enzyme activities,a modulator of inflammatory signaling pathways and a regulator of adhesion molecules to modulate inflammation through molecular mechanisms of action.In addition,paeonol also regulates inflammation by regulating the metabolism of gut microbes.In this review,we searched PubMed,Web of Science,ESI and other websites using“paeonol”“inflammation”“oxidative stress”“signaling pathways”and“gut microbiota”as keywords.We mainly referred to the relevant literature in the last decade and systematically summarized the studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of paeonol to provide a reference for new drug development and clinical application of paeonol.

Under the surface:Pressure-induced planetary-scale waves,volcanic lightning,and gaseous clouds caused by the submarine eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano

We present a narrative of the eruptive events culminating in the cataclysmic January 15, 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcano by synthesizing diverse preliminary seismic, volcanological, sound wave, and lightning data available within the first few weeks after the eruption occurred. The first hour of eruptive activity produced fast-propagating tsunami waves, long-period seismic waves, loud audible sound waves, infrasonic waves, exceptionally intense volcanic lightning and an unsteady volcanic plume that transiently reached-at 58km-the Earth’s mesosphere. Energetic seismic signals were recorded worldwide and the globally stacked seismogram showed episodic seismic events within the most intense periods of phreatoplinian activity, and they correlated well with the infrasound pressure waveform recorded in Fiji. Gravity wave signals were strong enough to be observed over the entire planet in just the first few hours, with some circling the Earth multiple times subsequently. These large-amplitude, long-wavelength atmospheric disturbances come from the Earth’s atmosphere being forced by the magmatic mixture of tephra, melt and gasses emitted by the unsteady but quasicontinuous eruption from 0402±1–1800 UTC on January 15, 2022. Atmospheric forcing lasted much longer than rupturing from large earthquakes recorded on modern instruments, producing a type of shock wave that originated from the interaction between compressed air and ambient(wavy) sea surface. This scenario differs from conventional ideas of earthquake slip, landslides, or caldera collapse-generated tsunami waves because of the enormous(~1000x) volumetric change due to the supercritical nature of volatiles associated with the hot,volatile-rich phreatoplinian plume. The time series of plume altitude can be translated to volumetric discharge and mass flow rate. For an eruption duration of ~12 h, the eruptive volume and mass are estimated at 1.9 km^(3) and~2 900 Tg, respectively, corresponding to a VEI of 5–6 for this event. The high frequency and intensity of lightning was enhanced by the production of fine ash due to magma-seawater interaction with concomitant high charge per unit mass and the high pre-eruptive concentration of dissolved volatiles. Analysis of lightning flash frequencies provides a rapid metric for plume activity and eruption magnitude. Many aspects of this eruption await further investigation by multidisciplinary teams. It represents a unique opportunity for fundamental research regarding the complex, non-linear behavior of high energetic volcanic eruptions and attendant phenomena, with critical implications for hazard mitigation, volcano forecasting, and first-response efforts in future disasters.

基于机器学习的柱塞式橡胶集流器优化方法

为有效提升测井用柱塞式橡胶集流器的集流性能,开展柱塞式橡胶集流器结构参数优化方法研究。首先构建橡胶弹性件受力膨胀的有限形变机理模型,理论分析橡胶弹性件受力膨胀内压与主伸长的内在关系,并确定适用于橡胶弹性件的Mooney-Rivlin超弹模型;然后基于橡胶弹性件有限形变机理构建其流固耦合仿真模型,确定橡胶弹性件受力形变影响因素:橡胶弹性件的厚度、轴向长度和硬度;进一步以橡胶弹性件的性能和内液体体积为优化目标,建立双隐层BP网络模型对橡胶弹性件结构参数进行寻优求解,得到橡胶弹性件的最优结构参数组合:硬度43 HA、厚度4 mm和轴向长度25 cm,优选后的橡胶弹性件使得橡胶集流器整体性能得到大幅提升,其集流性能提升57.69%、注液口压强减少20%、橡胶弹性件内液体体积增加25%。该双隐层BP参数优化模型最大预测误差仅为7%,误差率低,对数据的拟合程度更好,为后续优化设计提供理论支撑。

基于质谱技术的早产儿视网膜病血代谢产物的初步研究

目的应用液相色谱-串联质谱技术(liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)和代谢组学方法探讨早产儿视网膜病(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)患儿出生血代谢产物差异,寻找ROP早期诊断的新的生物标记物。方法收集2013年1月—2016年12月中山大学附属第六医院住院的21例ROP患儿(ROP组)及同期21例非ROP患儿(非ROP组)干血片标本,利用LC-MS/MS进行代谢产物测定,运用正交偏最小二乘判别分析法(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)寻找差异物质和生物标记物。结果ROP组和非ROP组患儿血代谢谱有明显差异,经模式识别分析、代谢物得分图(Score-plot,S-plot)、权重分析初步得出10个差异较大的氨基酸。进一步统计分析发现ROP组患儿血谷氨酸、亮氨酸、天冬氨酸、鸟氨酸和甘氨酸水平明显高于非ROP组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征曲线分析显示,谷氨酸及鸟氨酸对ROP诊断价值最高。结论ROP患儿与非ROP患儿比较血代谢产物具有明显差异,谷氨酸及鸟氨酸是诊断ROP的代谢标志物。LC-MS/MS结合代谢组学分析方法在ROP早期识别与诊断中具有潜在的应用价值。

膝关节腔内注射玻璃酸钠联合复方倍他米松对高原地区膝关节滑膜炎患者疼痛症状及膝关节功能的影响

目的观察膝关节腔内注射玻璃酸钠联合复方倍他米松对高原地区膝关节滑膜炎患者的疼痛症状及膝关节功能的影响。方法高原地区膝关节滑膜炎患者118例随机分为观察组(n=59)和对照组(n=59)。对照组膝关节腔内注射复方倍他米松1 mL+0.9%氯化钠注射液2 mL,观察组用相同方法注射复方倍他米松1 mL+玻璃酸钠注射液2 mL。两组均为1周1次,共治疗4周。分别于治疗前、治疗第2、第4周用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估患者膝关节疼痛情况,对膝关节功能情况进行Lysholm评分,测定滑膜厚度和关节腔积液量;比较两组临床疗效,以及治疗前后两组患者膝关节积液中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的水平变化,观察药品不良反应发生情况。结果观察组治疗总有效率为91.53%,明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后第2、第4周,两组患者膝关节VAS评分、滑膜厚度和关节腔积液量均较前明显降低,Lysholm评分则较前明显升高(P<0.01);且观察组上述指标均优于同时点的对照组(P<0.01)。治疗后,两组患者膝关节积液中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平均较前明显降低(P<0.01),且观察组上述指标均明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗期间两组患者均未见明显药品不良反应发生。结论膝关节腔内注射玻璃酸钠联合复方倍他米松能有效缓解高原地区膝关节滑膜炎疼痛症状,减轻关节炎症,抑制滑膜肥厚,促进膝关节功能恢复,且安全性高。

一例X染色体结构重排导致DMD疾病

假肥大型肌营养不良(Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy,DMD/BMD)是一种最常见的进行性肌营养不良疾病,呈X-连锁隐性遗传,主要由DMD基因的缺失、重复及点突变所致,极少数病例是由于染色体结构重排破坏了DMD基因而引起疾病的发生。本文报告了1例经多重连接探针扩增技术(multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification,MLPA)和下一代测序检测后原因未明的、具有典型症状的DMD患者。采用核型分析、FISH分析及三代测序、Sanger测序综合分析发现,患者存在母源性的X染色体臂间倒位(Chr.X:g.[31939463–31939465del;31939466–131765063 inv;131765064–131765067del])半合子变异。由于该变异破坏了DMD基因和HS6ST2基因,因此推测该变异是患者发病的遗传学病因。患者表现肌无力等典型的DMD症状,没有明显的Paganini-Miozzo综合征相关症状。本病例的明确诊断,提示结构重排破坏DMD基因也是导致DMD重要原因之一;常规遗传学检测阴性的患者应考虑核型分析、FISH验证等结构重排变异检测技术,通过三代测序技术能确定大概的重排断点位置,Sanger测序可明确断点区域序列。本病例报告通过明确的遗传学诊断为该患者所在家庭进行生殖干预、降低再生育风险提供了诊疗基础。

医学生共情能力培养效果的调查分析

目的测评临床实践期间各年级医学生的共情能力水平,并探讨共情能力的影响因素。方法对2022年上半年就读于中山大学五年制临床医学的大三、大四、大五医学生进行横断面研究,发放问卷318份,使用杰弗逊共情量表对共情能力进行测评,使用SPSS 26对数据进行统计学分析。结果医学生杰弗逊共情能力得分为三年级(84.00±4.67)分、四年级(86.22±7.56)分、五年级(85.62±10.33)分。医学生的总体共情能力得分较以往有显著下降。结论共情能力的逐渐下降应引起重视。虽然医学生共情能力的下降受很多因素的影响,但医学教育工作者应在见习、实习阶段的医学教育中更加重视共情能力的培养。

10个燕麦品种在攀西地区生产性能综合评价

试验旨在筛选适宜攀西地区冬闲田种植的秋播饲用燕麦品种。试验于2021年11月在西昌种植10个燕麦品种,测定燕麦的产量性能及营养品质等指标,并用隶属函数分析法对燕麦品种进行综合评价。结果显示,10个燕麦品种株高为104.88~173.89 cm,太阳神株高最高。各品种燕麦干草产量为12618.94~20470.91 kg/hm^(2),排序为太阳神>牧王>美达>贝勒2>领袖>燕王>爱沃>贝勒>枪手>魅力。各品种燕麦的鲜干比为3.09~5.63,爱沃的鲜干比最大,领袖鲜干比最小。各品种燕麦的粗蛋白含量为4.10%~10.31%,贝勒2的粗蛋白含量最高。各品种燕麦的酸性洗涤纤维含量为25.63%~35.06%,中性洗涤纤维含量为54.01%~64.56%;相对饲喂价值为89.73~118.89,领袖的相对饲喂价值最高,魅力次之,枪手的相对饲喂价值最小。采用隶属函数分析法对燕麦产量和营养品质的7个指标进行综合分析发现,领袖、太阳神和美达综合表现较好。研究表明,领袖、太阳神和美达适宜在攀西地区冬闲田种植,可作为该地区冬闲田主推饲用燕麦品种。

祁连山天涝池流域亚高山草甸冻融期土壤水热变化特征

祁连山是我国重要的生态安全屏障,其高寒生态环境和水源涵养能力广泛受到近地表冻融过程的复杂影响。为了解土壤水热在冻融期的变化情况,以祁连山中部天涝池流域亚高山草甸为研究对象,分析2014—2019年冻融期大气温度、土壤温度及未冻水体积含水量(USWC)变化特征,通过统计分析法对亚高山草甸土壤冻融期土壤温度对大气温度的响应及土壤水热拟合进行了探讨。研究结果表明:冻融期亚高山草甸土壤呈单向冻结双向融化特征,观测时段内冻结深度在100~140 cm,土壤温度与大气温度的相关性较好,其中0~40 cm深度土壤温度与大气温度显著正相关(P<0.01),120~180 cm土壤温度与大气温度显著负相关(P<0.05);冻融过程中土壤USWC变化趋势呈“U”形,40~60 cm深度土壤层和表层分别在冻结期和融化期出现水分高值区;土壤USWC与负温绝对值之间具有较好的幂函数相关关系(y=axb),其中经验参数a始终为正值,b始终为负值且逐年增大;观测期间(2014—2019年)的土壤冻结时长、冻结速率和冻结深度等都在减小。本研究可为祁连山亚高山草甸土壤冻融作用对径流形成的影响研究奠定基础,对进一步探讨祁连山区季节性冻土对气候变化的响应提供科学参考。

一种永置式石油生产地面多井组单井轮巡三相流监测装置及应用研究

为了解决传统石油开发集中计量方式难以获取单口油井油气水三相流相关参数的难题,采用流体体积和有限元分析等方法在建立该测量装置的数值仿真模型基础上对其结构参数、气液分离效果等进行了深入研究与优化,从而确定了该监测装置的最优结构参数,并研制了可以在现有集中计量环境中长期、稳定与可靠使用的一种永置式石油生产多井组单井轮巡三相流监测装置。另外,还在搭建的永置式石油生产地面多井组单井轮巡三相流多参数监测平台上开展了实验研究,实验结果表明,所研制的装置在气、液相流量5~70 m~3/d,液相持水率50%~90%等混合流体下持水率、气量测量误差均小于10%,流量测量误差小于4%。仿真和实验均证明了永置式监测装置具有良好的多分相测量性能。

Study of Oil-Bearing Drill Cuttings Cleaning and De-Oiling Treatment Method for Shale Gas Reservoirs

Due to its extensive use in shale gas exploration and development,oil-based drilling fluids generate large amounts of oil-bearing drill cuttings during the drilling process.The large amount of oil-bearing drill cuttings generated during the drilling process can lead to serious secondary contamination.In this study,a wetting agent FSC-6 with good hydrophobic and oleophobic properties was synthesized to construct an efficient oil removal system.For the first time,the mechanism of this system was analyzed by using the theory of adhesion function,interfacial tension and wettability.At the same time,a combined acoustic-chemical treatment process was applied to the wastewater and slag generated after the cleaning of the oil-bearing drill cuttings.The experimental results show that the application of this pollution-free technology can effectively solve the environmental pollution and resource recovery problems of oil-bearing drill cuttings.It meets the standard of drilling chips with oil content less than 2%in SY/T7422-2018“Oil-based drilling fluid drilling chips treatment system for oil and gas drilling equipment”.

祁连山青海云杉叶枯落物木质纤维素的降解动态

以青海云杉针叶枯落物为研究对象,在祁连山寺大隆保护站天涝池流域设置4个海拔梯度(2850、3050、3250和3450 m)和3个郁闭度条件(80%、73%和67%),运用分解网袋法,探讨针叶枯落物木质纤维素的降解动态.结果表明,木质素含量变化范围大于半纤维素和纤维素.半纤维素在不同海拔和郁闭度下随着时间的推移先累积(负降解)后释放(正降解).纤维素降解率总体上波动增大,纤维素在不同郁闭度下一直在释放,而在海拔3050、3250和3450 m处,先释放后累积再释放.木质素降解率随时间先降低后升高再降低,木质素在不同郁闭度下先释放后累积,相同的变化规律发生在3250和3450 m处,在海拔3050 m处,有先释放后累积再释放的规律.相关性分析表明,多数情况下木质素和半纤维素呈显著负相关.