菌丝体-杨木颗粒多孔复合材料的制备及保温阻燃性能研究

石油基高分子多孔材料的大量使用导致了严重的塑料污染(“白色污染”)。在这项工作中,采用了一种绿色可持续的合成策略,通过在杨木颗粒上接种培养真菌菌丝体,使其生长贯穿整个颗粒,最终制备出了一种菌丝体-杨木颗粒多孔复合材料。结果表明,多孔复合材料具有较低的密度(0.165 g·cm^(-3))、较高的孔隙率(82.7%)和疏水性(接触角:131.8°),并展示出优异的力学性能(压缩强度2.39 MPa;杨氏模量9.79 MPa)。另外,多孔复合材料还具有较低的导热系数(0.066 W/mK)和优异的阻燃性能(氧指数为28.4%)。这项研究工作展示了一种简捷和清洁环保的菌丝体-杨木颗粒多孔复合材料制备方法,对农林生物质高值化利用具有重要的参考价值。

提高我国铁素资源自给率的对策建议

我国是目前全球最大的铁素资源消费国,当前及未来一段时间,我国铁素资源需求仍将保持高位。目前,我国国内铁矿石生产不足,权益矿建设进展缓慢,废钢资源加工配送体系有待完善,存在铁素资源自给率低、铁素资源供给结构不均衡、铁素资源定价话语权缺失等问题。国家积极推动“基石计划”,加快钢铁行业铁素资源安全保障体系建设,切实维护我国产业链供应链安全稳定可控,未来需加大国内铁矿的开发力度,在防范风险前提下加快海外优质权益矿及产业链延伸开发,加强废钢及直接还原铁等替代铁矿石资源的利用。从行业规范管理、矿业权整合重组、矿业资本市场建设、矿业产业链延伸开发、铁矿石替代等方面,提出提高我国铁素资源自给率的对策建议。

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here,we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs)in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5)reanalysis dataset.Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs)concentrated at heights of 900-1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 2300 LST(LST=UTC+8 hours)but are strongest at 0200 LST,with composite wind velocities>14 m s^(-1).Synoptic-system-related LLJs(SLLJs)occur most frequently at 0800 LST but are strongest at 1100LST,with composite wind velocities>12 m s^(-1).Both BLJs and SLLJs are characterized by a southwesterly wind direction,although the wind direction of SLLJs is more westerly,and northeasterly SLLJs occur more frequently than northeasterly BLJs.When Wuhan is south of the mei-yu front,the westward extension of the northwest Pacific subtropical high intensifies,and the low-pressure system in the eastern Tibetan Plateau strengthens,favoring the formation of LLJs,which are closely related to precipitation.The wind speeds on rainstorm days are greater than those on LLJ days.Our analysis of four typical heavy precipitation events shows the presence of LLJs at the center of the precipitation and on its southern side before the onset of heavy precipitation.BLJs were shown to develop earlier than SLLJs.

银川地区含香樱桃设施栽培技术

含香樱桃在银川地区表现出花量大、果个大、颜色美、风味香等特点,具有裂果轻、耐贮运、较抗病、特耐寒等优点。从休眠期、升温期、催芽期、萌芽开花期、果实发育前期、果实着色至果实成熟期、采收期7个时期总结银川地区含香樱桃设施栽培技术,旨在为含香樱桃在银川地区的推广种植提供借鉴参考。

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下菊花幼苗生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

本试验以‘绚秋凝红’菊花幼苗为材料,用20%PEG溶液模拟干旱胁迫,研究叶面喷施不同浓度(50、100、150、200μmol/L)褪黑素(MT)对干旱胁迫下其生物量、根系形态及叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响,探讨外源MT对干旱胁迫下菊花幼苗光抑制的缓解作用。结果表明,与CK相比,PEG干旱胁迫(T_(1))处理菊花幼苗的地上部、地下部生物量和总生物量分别显著降低49.1%、36.4%和46.6%;外源喷施100μmol/L MT+PEG(T_(3))处理的地上、地下部生物量和总生物量分别较PEG处理增加52.4%、26.9%和34.9%,幼苗根系活力仅次于CK,根系平均直径最大,根尖数最少。相较于CK,干旱胁迫处理均降低幼苗叶片的光化学淬灭系数(qP)、非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)和表观电子传递速率(ETR),外源施加100μmol/L MT的T_(3)处理降低幅度最小,保持了PSⅡ反应中心较高的开放程度。综上,外源喷施100μmol/L MT可有效改善干旱胁迫下菊花幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光特性和光合性能,缓解干旱胁迫对菊花幼苗生长造成的危害。

理顺流通是否有助于提高制造业企业生产效率——基于流通体制改革试点的研究

流通业是中国最早进行市场化改革的领域。伴随着市场化改革,流通业经历了快速发展,内外贸市场一体化逐步走向成熟。本文基于流通体制改革试点构建自然实验,实证分析了流通业在促进制造业企业发展过程中的基础性作用及其影响机制。研究发现,流通体制改革对制造业企业全要素生产率的增长具有显著的促进作用。这一发现在考虑平行趋势假设、安慰剂检验、遗漏变量和生产效率的测算方式等问题后依然稳健。机制分析表明,一方面,流通体制改革减少了企业存货,降低了企业存货成本,进而提高企业生产效率;另一方面,流通体制改革提高了企业新产品产值,促进了企业产品创新,从而提高企业生产效率。异质性结果显示,流通体制改革对地方保护程度高、流通成本高、流通效率低和产能利用率低的行业内的企业生产效率具有显著正向影响。本研究为双循环新发展格局下推进制造业转型升级提供了政策启示。

盆腔肿瘤放化疗诱导急性血液学毒性机制及预测工具研究进展

放化疗(chemoradiotherapy,CRT)是盆腔肿瘤治疗的重要方式,主要适用于宫颈癌和直肠癌等疾病。然而,尽管CRT在产生治疗效果的同时也可能对盆腔骨髓造成损伤,导致急性血液学毒性(hematological toxicity,HT)的发生。准确识别CRT诱发HT高风险人群对于优化治疗方案和改善预后非常重要。该文总结了急性HT的发生机制,并且从临床危险因素、放化疗相关因素、影像学预测手段以及人工智能等几个方面对急性HT的预测工具进行了综述。

钢铁行业减污降碳协同增效研究

在分析钢铁行业开展减污降碳研究必要性的基础上,提出了钢铁行业减污降碳协同增效路径,包括实施高质量超低排放改造、有序推进电炉短流程炼钢、优化原燃料及能源结构、发展循环经济和创新冶金技术研发应用等。构建了减污降碳技术评价体系,以部分技术为例开展评价分析。并对减污降碳政策体系及工作机制提出建议,助力钢铁行业绿色低碳转型。

Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of in-vessel phenomena under severe accident mitigation strategy based on ISAA-SAUP program

The phenomenology involved in severe accidents in nuclear reactors is highly complex.Currently,integrated analysis programs used for severe accident analysis heavily rely on custom empirical parameters,which introduce considerable uncertainty.Therefore,in recent years,the field of severe accidents has shifted its focus toward applying uncertainty analysis methods to quantify uncertainty in safety assessment programs,known as“best estimate plus uncertainty(BEPU).”This approach aids in enhancing our comprehension of these programs and their further development and improvement.This study concentrates on a third-generation pressurized water reactor equipped with advanced active and passive mitigation strategies.Through an Integrated Severe Accident Analysis Program(ISAA),numerical modeling and uncertainty analysis were conducted on severe accidents resulting from large break loss of coolant accidents.Seventeen uncertainty parameters of the ISAA program were meticulously screened.Using Wilks'formula,the developed uncertainty program code,SAUP,was employed to carry out Latin hypercube sampling,while ISAA was employed to execute batch calculations.Statistical analysis was then conducted on two figures of merit,namely hydrogen generation and the release of fission products within the pressure vessel.Uncertainty calculations revealed that hydrogen production and the fraction of fission product released exhibited a normal distribution,ranging from 182.784 to 330.664 kg and from 15.6 to 84.3%,respectively.The ratio of hydrogen production to reactor thermal power fell within the range of 0.0578–0.105.A sensitivity analysis was performed for uncertain input parameters,revealing significant correlations between the failure temperature of the cladding oxide layer,maximum melt flow rate,size of the particulate debris,and porosity of the debris with both hydrogen generation and the release of fission products.

氧化锡电子传输层在正置钙钛矿太阳能电池中的研究进展

近年来,钙钛矿太阳能电池(Perovskite solar cells,PSCs)由于具有光伏性能优异、材料成本低、制造工艺简单等优势,引起了科研工作者广泛的研究兴趣。在PSCs中,电子传输层(Electron transport layer,ETL)在提取和传输光生电子方面起着至关重要的作用。氧化锡(SnO_(2))由于具有高光学透过率、高电子迁移率、良好的化学稳定性、合理的能级结构和可低温制备等优异性能,成为PSCs器件中理想的ETL。本文围绕SnO_(2) ETL在正置PSCs中的研究进展进行综述,首先介绍了SnO_(2)的结构与光电特性,并归纳了SnO_(2)的制备方法,随后对有机无机杂化PSCs及全无机PSCs中SnO_(2) ETL的改性进行了详细的阐述和总结,包括掺杂及界面修饰处理,最后总结全文,对SnO_(2) ETL的发展进行展望。

Advancements in machine learning for material design and process optimization in the field of additive manufacturing

Additive manufacturing technology is highly regarded due to its advantages,such as high precision and the ability to address complex geometric challenges.However,the development of additive manufacturing process is constrained by issues like unclear fundamental principles,complex experimental cycles,and high costs.Machine learning,as a novel artificial intelligence technology,has the potential to deeply engage in the development of additive manufacturing process,assisting engineers in learning and developing new techniques.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the research and applications of machine learning in the field of additive manufacturing,particularly in model design and process development.Firstly,it introduces the background and significance of machine learning-assisted design in additive manufacturing process.It then further delves into the application of machine learning in additive manufacturing,focusing on model design and process guidance.Finally,it concludes by summarizing and forecasting the development trends of machine learning technology in the field of additive manufacturing.

5-Aminolevulinic acid against strawberry Fusarium wilt:Bidirectional regulation of biocontrol agents and pathogens

Strawberry Fusarium wilt (SFW) is a systematic soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.fragaria (Fof),which infects the vascular bundles,blocking water and nutrient transport from roots to the aboveground.It is a severe pathogen which spreads rapidly and destroys strawberry production.Finding a way to control this disease is of great scientific value and practical importance.In this study,three fungi were isolated from the vascular tissues of sick strawberries in the field.After DNA sequencing,they were identified as Fof,Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichoderma harzianum,respectively,among which the first two are pathogens and the third is a probiotic.All fungi were controlled by thiophanate-methyl (TM),a commercial fungicide.On PDA medium,20 mg·L^(-1)5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA),a natural non-protein amino acid,promoted T.harzianum proliferation,but inhibited Fof and A.fumigatus.In confrontation test,the growth of Fof or A.fumigatus was inhibited by T.harzianum and exogenous ALA promoted T.harzianum growth but significantly inhibited the pathogen growth.When three species of fungi were separately or combinedly inoculated on healthy strawberry plants,T.harzianum promoted plant growth and development while Fof or A.fumigatus caused growth retardation,where Fof directly caused leaf yellowing and plant wilting.When the plants inoculated with different fungus were treated with ALA,the results turned out that ALA alleviated SFW symptoms by bidirectionally promoting T.harzianum proliferation and inhibiting Fof and A.fumigatus.Thus,ALA might be used in comprehensively controlling SFW in strawberry industry.

基于贝叶斯网络模型的社区老年人社会衰弱影响因素分析

目的探讨社区老年人社会衰弱的影响因素及其因素间的网络关系,为开展针对性干预提供参考。方法采用一般资料调查表、社会衰弱筛查工具、阿森斯失眠量表、衰弱筛查量表、社会支持评定量表、微型营养评估量表、简易精神状态检查表和精简版流调中心抑郁量表对唐山市路北区的1055名社区老年人进行问卷调查。结果社区老年人社会衰弱检出率23.70%。logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、文化程度、慢性病数量、睡眠状况、社会支持、营养状况、体育活动、躯体衰弱、认知功能和抑郁是社会衰弱的影响因素(均P<0.05)。贝叶斯网络模型结果显示,年龄、躯体衰弱、认知功能、抑郁和社会支持与社会衰弱直接相关,体育活动通过慢性病数量、营养状况和抑郁与社会衰弱间接相关;年龄≥70岁,认知障碍且社会支持水平较低,发生躯体衰弱和抑郁的老年人发生社会衰弱的概率最高(达79.0%)。结论社区老年人社会衰弱发生率偏高,医护人员应关注社会衰弱高危人群,需要通过多学科团队协作和综合性的干预措施,以降低其社会衰弱风险。

Bimodal growth of Fe islands on graphene

Magnetic metals deposited on graphene hold the key to applications in spintronics. Here, we present the results of Fe islands grown on graphene/Si C(0001) by molecular beam epitaxy, which are investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. The two types of islands distinguished by flat or round tops are revealed, indicating bimodal growth of Fe. The atomic structures on the top surfaces of flat islands are also clearly resolved. Our results may improve the understanding of the mechanisms of metals deposited on graphene and pave the way for future spintronic applications of Fe/graphene systems.

A 27 GHz,simple 2-bit 1×8 phased array

This study demonstrates a simple 2-bit phased array operating at 27 GHz that supports one-dimensional beam scanning with left-handed circular polarization(LHCP).The antenna is constructed using a compact four-layer printed circuit board(PCB)structure,consisting of a 90°phase shifter layer with microstrip structures,a ground(GND)layer,a direct current(DC)control layer,and a circularly polarized annular radiation patch layer with 1-bit phase shifting.Based on the proposed unit structure,a 1×8 array with half-wavelength inter-element spacing was designed and validated.Experimental results show that the array achieves a peak gain of 10.23 dBi and is capable of beam scanning within±50°.

LncRNA HOTAIR promotes DNA damage repair and radioresistance by targeting ATR in colorectal cancer

Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have been implicated in cancer progression and drug resistance development.Moreover,there is evidence that lncRNA HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA(HOTAIR)is involved in colorectal cancer(CRC)progression.The present study aimed to examine the functional role of lncRNA HOTAIR in conferring radiotherapy resistance in CRC cells,as well as the underlying mechanism.The relative expression levels of HOTAIR were examined in 70 pairs of CRC tumor and para-cancerous tissues,as well as in radiosensitive and radioresistant samples.The correlations between HOTAIR expression levels and clinical features of patients with CRC were assessed using the Chi-square test.Functional assays such as cell proliferation,colony formation and apoptosis assays were conducted to determine the radiosensitivity in CRC cells with HOTAIR silencing after treatment with different doses of radiation.RNA pull-down assay andfluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)were used to determine the interaction between HOTAIR and DNA damage response mediator ataxia-telangiectasia mutated-and Rad3-related(ATR).HOTAIR was significantly upregulated in CRC tumor tissues,especially in radioresistant tumor samples.The elevated expression of HOTAIR was correlated with more advanced histological grades,distance metastasis and the poor prognosis in patients with CRC.Silencing HOTAIR suppressed the proliferation and promoted apoptosis and radiosensitivity in CRC cells.HOTAIR knockdown also inhibited the tumorigenesis of CRC cells and enhanced the sensitivity to radiotherapy in a mouse xenograft model.Moreover,the data showed that HOTAIR could interact with ATR to regulate the DNA damage repair signaling pathway.Silencing HOTAIR impaired the ATR-ATR interacting protein(ATRIP)complex and signaling in cell cycle progression.Collectively,the present results indicate that lncRNA HOTAIR facilitates the DNA damage response pathway and promotes radioresistance in CRC cells by targeting ATR.

Platycodin D inhibits angiogenic vascular mimicry in NSCLC by regulating the eIF4E-mediated RNA methylome

The treatment of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)remains a challenge due to tumor evolution during anti-angiogenesis therapies,in which the mechanism of vascular mimicry(VM)is believed to result in ineffective treatment[1].To conquer this challenge,substantial effort has recently been devoted to seeking out natural compounds on account of their multitarget actions.As a traditional herbal medicine,platycodin D(PD)is the major bioactive monomer derived from Platycodon grandiflorum(P.grandiflorum)and is used as an expectorant for pulmonary disease in Asia[2].

乳酸化调控肿瘤发生发展的研究现状

乳酸化是一种新颖的依赖乳酸的蛋白质翻译后修饰方式,其可以通过将乳酰基与蛋白质赖氨酸残基共价耦联,改变蛋白质结构和功能,调控基因表达,从而参与细胞代谢和生长过程。近期研究发现肿瘤组织中的乳酸化能够通过调控细胞内信号转导、基因表达和蛋白功能,进而影响肿瘤发生发展。本文综述乳酸化的发现过程及其在肿瘤中的研究进展,旨在为肿瘤的预防和治疗提供新思路。

Comparing short-term outcomes of robot-assisted and conventional laparoscopic total mesorectal excision surgery for rectal cancer in elderly patients

BACKGROUND Da Vinci Robotics-assisted total mesorectal excision(TME)surgery for rectal cancer is becoming more widely used.There is no strong evidence that roboticassisted surgery and laparoscopic surgery have similar outcomes in elderly patients with TME for rectal cancer.AIM To determine the improved oncological outcomes and short-term efficacy of robot-assisted surgery in elderly patients undergoing TME surgery.METHODS A retrospective study of the clinical pathology and follow-up of elderly patients who underwent TME surgery at the Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology at the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine was conducted from March 2020 through September 2023.The patients were divided into a robotassisted group(the R-TME group)and a laparoscopic group(the L-TME group),and the short-term efficacy of the two groups was compared.RESULTS There were 45 elderly patients(≥60 years)in the R-TME group and 50 elderly patients(≥60 years)in the L-TME group.There were no differences in demographics,conversion rates,or postoperative complication rates.The L-TME group had a longer surgical time than the R-TME group[145(125,187.5)vs 180(148.75,206.25)min,P=0.005),and the first postoperative meal time in the L-TME group was longer than that in the R-TME(4 vs 3 d,P=0.048).Among the sex and body mass index(BMI)subgroups,the R-TME group had better out-comes than did the L-TME group in terms of operation time(P=0.042)and intraoperative assessment of bleeding(P=0.042).In the high BMI group,catheter removal occurred earlier in the R-TME group than in the L-TME group(3 vs 4 d,P=0.001),and autonomous voiding function was restored.CONCLUSION The curative effect and short-term efficacy of robot-assisted TME surgery for elderly patients with rectal cancer are similar to those of laparoscopic TME surgery;however,robotic-assisted surgery has better short-term outcomes for individuals with risk factors such as obesity and pelvic stenosis.Optimizing the learning curve can shorten the operation time,reduce the recovery time of gastrointestinal function,and improve the prognosis.

基于贝叶斯网络模型的社区老年人认知衰弱的影响因素分析

目的分析社区老年人认知衰弱的影响因素及其中的网络关系,为更有效降低认知衰弱的发生提供科学依据。方法采用便利抽样法,2022年8月—2023年6月选取唐山市8个社区1449名老年人为研究对象,采用一般资料调查问卷、衰弱量表、简易精神状态检查量表、微型营养评价精法、流调中心抑郁水平评定量表、社区老年人数字健康素养评估量表对其进行调查,分析认知衰弱的影响因素及构建贝叶斯网络模型。结果以年龄、性别、婚姻状况、居住状况、受教育程度、个人平均月收入为协变量进行匹配共439对调查对象匹配成功。倾向性评分匹配后的二元logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示,有慢性病情况(OR=4.500)、睡眠时长不良(OR=2.398)、营养不良(OR=1.440)、无体育锻炼(OR=2.398)、抑郁(OR=4.586)、数字健康素养低水平(OR=1.574)是认知衰弱的危险因素(均P<0.05)。倾向性评分匹配后贝叶斯网络模型显示慢性病情况、睡眠时长、营养状况、体育锻炼、抑郁与认知衰弱直接相关。慢性病情况通过睡眠、营养状况、数字健康素养与认知衰弱间接相关,数字健康素养通过睡眠时长、营养状况与认知衰弱间接相关,体育锻炼通过抑郁与认知衰弱间接相关。研究对象营养良好、睡眠时长不良、有慢性病、进行体育锻炼、不存在抑郁时,其患认知衰弱的风险为0.460。结论贝叶斯网络模型揭示了社区老年人认知衰弱发生的直接和间接因素以及关联强度,阐明了因素间的复杂网络关系,为社区卫生服务人员更有效降低认知衰弱的发生和提出针对性的干预措施提供科学依据。