Supplementary Information to“Balancing the quantum speed limit and instantaneous energy cost in adiabatic quantum evolution”

I.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE 1:THEORETICAL MATERIALS.The quantum speed limit(QSL)is essential for quantum computing and quantum communication,referring to the minimum time required for a quantum system to evolve from one state to another.Two well-known forms of the QSL are the Mandelstam-Tamm(MT)relation TqsL≥πh/2△E[S1]and the Margolus-Levitin(ML)relation TqsL≥πh/2(E)[S2]where Tqst is denoted as the QSL time,h is the reduced Planck's constant,△E is the energy uncertainty(standard deviation)of the system,and(E)is the average energy of the system above its ground state.Both of relations provide a lower bound on the evolution time.

Balancing the Quantum Speed Limit and Instantaneous Energy Cost in Adiabatic Quantum Evolution

Adiabatic time-optimal quantum controls are extensively used in quantum technologies to break the constraints imposed by short coherence times.However,practically it is crucial to consider the trade-off between the quantum evolution speed and instantaneous energy cost of process because of the constraints in the available control Hamiltonian.Here,we experimentally show that using a transmon qubit that,even in the presence of vanishing energy gaps,it is possible to reach a highly time-optimal adiabatic quantum driving at low energy cost in the whole evolution process.This validates the recently derived general solution of the quantum Zermelo navigation problem,paving the way for energy-efficient quantum control which is usually overlooked in conventional speed-up schemes,including the well-known counter-diabatic driving.By designing the control Hamiltonian based on the quantum speed limit bound quantified by the changing rate of phase in the interaction picture,we reveal the relationship between the quantum speed limit and instantaneous energy cost.Consequently,we demonstrate fast and high-fidelity quantum adiabatic processes by employing energy-efficient driving strengths,indicating a promising strategy for expanding the applications of time-optimal quantum controls in superconducting quantum circuits.

Hovering rotor aerodynamics in extreme ground effect

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of the aerodynamics of a moderate-scale rotor hovering in the Extreme Ground Effect(EGE)where rotor height-offground is below half the rotor radius.The tip vortex field was visualized by using the PIV technique.The aerodynamic performance,tip vortex trajectory,wall jet characteristics,surface pressure and velocity fields were measured and analyzed.To explore more deeply the flow mechanisms of the extreme ground effect,Detached Eddy Simulation(DES)was conducted on completely structured meshes.The results showed significant deviations of the rotor performance in EGE from that in Regular Ground Effect(RGE)with the rotor heights of more than half the rotor radius.Moreover,the flow structures of the rotor in EGE are considerably complex,such as the wall jet and groundwash flow separation.The rotor wake flow and tip vortices impact the ground more frequently,resulting in distinctive characteristics of the surface pressure and velocity fields in EGE.

炎症性肠病生物检测器的构建与调试

利用工程改造过的肠道微生物进行无创、便宜便捷的肠道炎症检测、治疗可有效应用于医药行业。肠道炎症通常伴随着肠道中硫代硫酸盐和连四硫酸盐的增加,双组分系统ThsSR和TtrSR是两套分别检测这两种小分子的生物感受器系统。采用荧光蛋白作为指示剂需要复杂的测试仪器,不适用于家用检测环境,而肉眼可见的色素蛋白和有色小分子作为指示剂将可能扩大ThsSR和TtrSR的应用前景。两套系统分别被转入大肠杆菌EscherichiacoliTop10和益生菌E. coli Nissle 1917中,sfGFP信号表达效果证明了这两套系统可用。考虑实际应用,sfGFP被一系列色素蛋白和显色小分子替换,在E. coli Top10中,一系列色素蛋白和紫色杆菌素前体protoviolaceinic acid的显色效果明显,表明了该系统具有用于实际肠道炎症检测的可行性。结果表明,改进后的ThsSR和TtrSR系统能够针对不同浓度的肠道炎症标记物作出相应程度的反应,具备用于家庭环境人体肠道炎症检测的潜力。