Thalamic hemorrhage can lead to the development of central post-stroke pain.Changes in histone acetylation levels,which are regulated by histone deacetylases,affect the excitability of neurons surrounding the hemorrha...Thalamic hemorrhage can lead to the development of central post-stroke pain.Changes in histone acetylation levels,which are regulated by histone deacetylases,affect the excitability of neurons surrounding the hemorrhagic area.However,the regulato ry mechanism of histone deacetylases in central post-stroke pain remains unclea r.Here,we show that iron overload leads to an increase in histone deacetylase 2expression in damaged ventral posterolateral nucleus neurons.Inhibiting this increase restored histone H3 acetylation in the Kcna2 promoter region of the voltage-dependent potassium(Kv)channel subunit gene in a rat model of central post-stroke pain,thereby increasing Kcna2expression and relieving central pain.However,in the absence of nerve injury,increasing histone deacetylase 2 expression decreased Kcna2expression,decreased Kv current,increased the excitability of neurons in the ventral posterolateral nucleus area,and led to neuropathic pain symptoms.Moreover,treatment with the iron chelator deferiprone effectively reduced iron overload in the ventral posterolateral nucleus after intracerebral hemorrhage,reversed histone deacetylase 2 upregulation and Kv1.2 downregulation,and alleviated mechanical hypersensitivity in central post-stroke pain rats.These results suggest that histone deacetylase 2 upregulation and Kv1.2 downregulation,mediated by iron overload,are important factors in central post-stroke pain pathogenesis and co uld se rve as new to rgets for central poststroke pain treatment.展开更多
Abstract:The aim of this research is to design and operate a 10 kW hot chemical-looping gasification(CLG)unit using Fe2O3/Al2O3as an oxygen carrier and saw dust as a fuel.The effect of the operation temperature on gas...Abstract:The aim of this research is to design and operate a 10 kW hot chemical-looping gasification(CLG)unit using Fe2O3/Al2O3as an oxygen carrier and saw dust as a fuel.The effect of the operation temperature on gas composition in the air reactor and the fuel reactor,and the carbon conversion of biomass to CO2and CO in the fuel reactor have been experimentally studied.A total60 h run has been obtained with the same batch of oxygen carrier of iron oxide supported with alumina.The results show that CO and H2concentrations are increased with increasing temperature in the fuel reactor.It is also found that with increasing fuel reactor temperature,both the amount of residual char in the fuel reactor and CO2concentration of the exit gas from the air reactor are degreased.Carbon conversion rate and gasification efficiency are increased by increasing temperature and H2production at 870℃reaches the highest rate.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and BET-surface area tests have been used to characterize fresh and reacted oxygen carrier particles.The results display that the oxygen carrier activity is not declined and the specific surface area of the oxygen carrier particles is not decreased significantly.展开更多
It has been more than 30 years since the first Chinese Antarctic Expedition took place. Polar upper atmospheric observations started at this time. First began at Great Wall Station and then at Zhongshan Station in Ant...It has been more than 30 years since the first Chinese Antarctic Expedition took place. Polar upper atmospheric observations started at this time. First began at Great Wall Station and then at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica, and later in the Arctic at Yellow River Station, Kjell Henriksen Observatory on Svalbard, and at the China-Iceland Joint Aurora Observatory in Iceland. In this paper, we reviewed the advances in polar upper atmosphere physics （UAP） based on the Chinese national Arctic and Antarctic research over the last five years. These included newly deployed observatories and research instruments in the Arctic and Antarctic; and new research findings, from grotmd-based observations, about polar ionosphere dynamics, aurora and particle precipitation, polar plasma convection, geomagnetic pulsations and space plasma waves, space weather in the polar regions, simulations of the polar ionosphere-magnetosphere. In conclusion, suggestions were made for future polar upper atmosphere physics research in China.展开更多
IEEE 802.11ax,which is an emerging WLAN standard,aims at providing highly efficient communication in ultra-dense wireless networks.However,due to a large number of stations(STAs)in the ultra-dense device deployment sc...IEEE 802.11ax,which is an emerging WLAN standard,aims at providing highly efficient communication in ultra-dense wireless networks.However,due to a large number of stations(STAs)in the ultra-dense device deployment scenarios,the potentially high packet collision rate significantly decreases the communication efficiency of WLAN.In this paper,we propose an adaptive STA grouping scheme to overcome this dense network challenge in IEEE 802.11ax by using Buffer State Report(BSR)based Two-stage Mechanism(BTM).In order to achieve the optimal efficiency of BSR delivery,we analyze the functional relationship between STA number in group and Resource Unit(RU)efficiency.Based on this analysis results,an adaptive STA grouping algorithm with variable group size is proposed to achieve efficient grouping in BTM.The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive BTM grouping algorithm significantly improves the BSR delivery efficiency and the throughput of overall system and each STA in the ultra-dense wireless network.展开更多
WO3 photocatalyst decorated with highly dispersed CoWO4 or CuWO4 nanoparticles(CoWO4/WO3 or CuWO4/WO3) was successfully synthesized using an in-situ impregnation method followed by solid-state reaction. The structure,...WO3 photocatalyst decorated with highly dispersed CoWO4 or CuWO4 nanoparticles(CoWO4/WO3 or CuWO4/WO3) was successfully synthesized using an in-situ impregnation method followed by solid-state reaction. The structure, morphology, photophysical property, and photocatalytic degradation mechanism of the CoWO4/WO3 or CuWO4/WO3 samples were investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, HR-TEM, UV-vis DRS, SPV, and active trapping techniques. The XRD, SEM, and TEM results have revealed that CoWO4 or CuWO4 are highly dispersed on the WO3 surface, when the loading amount of CoWO4 or CuWO4 is small. However, obvious agglomeration is observed for the CoWO4 or CuWO4 particles, when the loading amount of CoWO4 or CuWO4 was increased. The visible-light photocatalytic degradation of RhB shows that all CoWO4/WO3 or CuWO4/WO3 samples exhibit superior photocatalytic performance as compared to pure WO3. This is mainly attributed to the formation of type II heterojunction between WO3 and CoWO4 or CuWO4, which can promote the photogenerated electrons and holes separation and transfer. Moreover, it is found that 0.2% CoWO4/WO3 or 0.2% CuWO4/WO3, in which MWO4 nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the surface of WO3, can achieve the most excellent photocatalytic activity among CoWO4/WO3 or CuWO4/WO3 samples, respectively. As compared with WO3, an enhancement about 9.1 times or 6.8 times in photocatalytic activity is observed on 0.2% CoWO4/WO3 or 0.2% CuWO4/WO3, respectively. Furthermore, the active species trapping experiment demonstrates that ·OH, h+, and ·O-2 generated during the photocatalytic process are all the reactive species in photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB) on CoWO4/WO3 or CuWO4/WO3. This study presents a strategy to design superior photocatalyst for organic compound degradation.展开更多
Increasing wheat yield is a long-term goal for wheat breeders around the world.Exploiting elite genetic resources and dissecting the genetic basis of important agronomic traits in wheat are the necessary methods for h...Increasing wheat yield is a long-term goal for wheat breeders around the world.Exploiting elite genetic resources and dissecting the genetic basis of important agronomic traits in wheat are the necessary methods for high-yield wheat breeding.This study evaluated nine crucial agronomic traits found in a natural population of 156 wheat varieties and77 landraces from Sichuan,China in seven environments over two years.The results of this investigation of agronomic traits showed that the landraces had more tillers and higher kernel numbers per spike (KNS),while the breeding varieties had higher thousand-kernel weight (TKW) and kernel weight per spike (KWS).The generalized heritability (H2) values of the nine agronomic traits varied from 0.74 to 0.95.Structure analysis suggested that the natural population could be divided into three groups using 43 198 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from the wheat 55K SNP chip.A total of 67 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified by the genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis based on the Q+K method of a mixed linear model.Three important QTLs were analyzed in this study.Four haplotypes of QFTN.sicau-7BL.1 for fertile tillers number (FTN),three haplotypes of QKNS.sicau-1AL.2 for KNS,and four haplotypes of QTKW.sicau-3BS.1 for TKW were detected.FTN-Hap2,KNS-Hap1,and TKW-Hap2 were excellent haplotypes for each QTL based on the yield performance of 42 varieties in regional trials from 2002 to 2013.The varieties with all three haplotypes showed the highest yield compared to those with either two haplotypes or one haplotype.In addition,the KASP-AX-108866053 marker of QTL QKNS.sicau-1AL.2 was successfully distinguished between three haplotypes(or alleles) in 63 varieties based on the number of kernels per spike in regional trials between 2018 and 2021.These genetic loci and reliable makers can be applied in marker-assisted selection or map-based gene cloning for the genetic improvement of wheat yield.展开更多
Long-duration conjugate observations by the EISCAT Svalbard Radar （ESR） and the ionosonde at Zhongshan station from the International Polar Year （IPY） during solar minimum conditions are analyzed, with respect to ...Long-duration conjugate observations by the EISCAT Svalbard Radar （ESR） and the ionosonde at Zhongshan station from the International Polar Year （IPY） during solar minimum conditions are analyzed, with respect to variability in the F2-1ayer peak parameters. A comparison between International Reference Ionosphere- 2007 （IRI-2007） and observation data clearly demonstrates good agreement in summer, but greater deviations in winter. The IRI model reproduces the F2 peak parameters dominated by solar photoionization reasonably well, but it does not address the effect of electron precipitation. Hence, the discrepancies become large in the winter auroral ionosphere.展开更多
In this study, a morphodynamic numerical model is established with the Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS)to investigate the transient behavior of sand waves under realistic sea conditions. The simulation of sand wav...In this study, a morphodynamic numerical model is established with the Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS)to investigate the transient behavior of sand waves under realistic sea conditions. The simulation of sand wave evolution comprises two steps: 1) a regional-scale model is configured first to simulate the ocean hydrodynamics, i.e., tides and tidal currents, and 2) the transient behavior of sand waves is simulated in a small computational domain under the time-variant currents extracted from the large model. The evolution of sand waves on the continental shelf in the Beibu Gulf is specifically investigated. The numerical results of the two-year evolution of sand waves under normal sea conditions compare well with the field survey data. The transient behavior of sand waves in individual months shows that the sand waves are more stable in April and October than that in other months, which can be selected as the windows for seabed operations. The effects of sediment properties, including settling velocity, critical shear stress and surface erosion rate, on sand wave evolution are also analyzed. Then, the typhoon-induced currents are further superimposed on the tidal currents as the extreme weather conditions. Sand waves with the average wavelength generally have more active behavior than smaller or larger sand waves. The characteristics of the evolution of sand waves in an individual typhoon process are quite different for different hydrodynamic combinations. For the storm conditions, i.e., the real combination and maximum combination cases, the sand waves experience a significant migration together with a damping in height due to the dominant suspended sediment transport. For the mild conditions, i.e., the pure tidal current and minimum combination cases, the sand waves migrate less, but the heights continue growing due to the dominant bedload transport.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Scalp mechanical stimulation, like combing, is one of the useful methods to keep brain health, which was historically recorded in traditional Chinese medicine thousand years ago. For the brain care, it is co...OBJECTIVE Scalp mechanical stimulation, like combing, is one of the useful methods to keep brain health, which was historically recorded in traditional Chinese medicine thousand years ago. For the brain care, it is considered to promote cerebrovascular circulation to prevent alopecia,headache, neurasthenia, insomnia, memory deficits. However, few study was reported on its effect and how the scalp mechanical stimulation works on vascular functions. Therefore, in this study, we try to illustrate the effect of combing on the cerebrovascular. METHODS In vivo, the anesthetized mice have been used to observe the effects of scalp mechanical stimulation. Infrared thermal imaging has been used to measure the skin temperature;vasodilation has been evaluated by retro-orbital injection of FITC-dextran 150 ku;the permeability of Blood-Brain Barrier(BBB) was analyzed by confocal microscopy of FITC-dextran 40 ku extravasation and a spectrofluorometric assay of Even Blue extravasation.RESLUTS We found that scalp mechanical stimulation rather than on the back can maintain the body temperature, especially raise the temperature in the ears. Accordingly, a moderate vasodilatation of auricles′ capillaries(≤ 8 μm) was observed, the phenomenon of which did not occur combing on the back. Furthermore, the permeability of BBB was promoted by the assays of small molecular extravasation. In addition, in vivo imaging, the small molecular of FITC-dextran(40 ku) was found to transport far away from the blood vessels into the brain parenchyma with the lapse of time. CONCLUSION Scalp mechanical stimulation can work on vasodilatation of auricles and promotion of BBB under a biological condition. Combing, as a daily behavior, simple but may yield novel insights into neuroprotection.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.U2004106 (to WY),81971061 (to JC)the Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province,No.21A320039 (to WY)。
文摘Thalamic hemorrhage can lead to the development of central post-stroke pain.Changes in histone acetylation levels,which are regulated by histone deacetylases,affect the excitability of neurons surrounding the hemorrhagic area.However,the regulato ry mechanism of histone deacetylases in central post-stroke pain remains unclea r.Here,we show that iron overload leads to an increase in histone deacetylase 2expression in damaged ventral posterolateral nucleus neurons.Inhibiting this increase restored histone H3 acetylation in the Kcna2 promoter region of the voltage-dependent potassium(Kv)channel subunit gene in a rat model of central post-stroke pain,thereby increasing Kcna2expression and relieving central pain.However,in the absence of nerve injury,increasing histone deacetylase 2 expression decreased Kcna2expression,decreased Kv current,increased the excitability of neurons in the ventral posterolateral nucleus area,and led to neuropathic pain symptoms.Moreover,treatment with the iron chelator deferiprone effectively reduced iron overload in the ventral posterolateral nucleus after intracerebral hemorrhage,reversed histone deacetylase 2 upregulation and Kv1.2 downregulation,and alleviated mechanical hypersensitivity in central post-stroke pain rats.These results suggest that histone deacetylase 2 upregulation and Kv1.2 downregulation,mediated by iron overload,are important factors in central post-stroke pain pathogenesis and co uld se rve as new to rgets for central poststroke pain treatment.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51076154)National Key Technology Research&Development Program of 12 th Five-year of China(2011BAD15B05)
文摘Abstract:The aim of this research is to design and operate a 10 kW hot chemical-looping gasification(CLG)unit using Fe2O3/Al2O3as an oxygen carrier and saw dust as a fuel.The effect of the operation temperature on gas composition in the air reactor and the fuel reactor,and the carbon conversion of biomass to CO2and CO in the fuel reactor have been experimentally studied.A total60 h run has been obtained with the same batch of oxygen carrier of iron oxide supported with alumina.The results show that CO and H2concentrations are increased with increasing temperature in the fuel reactor.It is also found that with increasing fuel reactor temperature,both the amount of residual char in the fuel reactor and CO2concentration of the exit gas from the air reactor are degreased.Carbon conversion rate and gasification efficiency are increased by increasing temperature and H2production at 870℃reaches the highest rate.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and BET-surface area tests have been used to characterize fresh and reacted oxygen carrier particles.The results display that the oxygen carrier activity is not declined and the specific surface area of the oxygen carrier particles is not decreased significantly.
基金supported by the Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Programs (Grant nos. CHINARE 2017-04-01, and 2017-02-04)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 41274164, 41374159, 41431072, and 41274148)+1 种基金Pudong Development of Science and Technology Program (Grant no. Pkj2013-z01)Top-Notch Young Talents Program of China
文摘It has been more than 30 years since the first Chinese Antarctic Expedition took place. Polar upper atmospheric observations started at this time. First began at Great Wall Station and then at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica, and later in the Arctic at Yellow River Station, Kjell Henriksen Observatory on Svalbard, and at the China-Iceland Joint Aurora Observatory in Iceland. In this paper, we reviewed the advances in polar upper atmosphere physics （UAP） based on the Chinese national Arctic and Antarctic research over the last five years. These included newly deployed observatories and research instruments in the Arctic and Antarctic; and new research findings, from grotmd-based observations, about polar ionosphere dynamics, aurora and particle precipitation, polar plasma convection, geomagnetic pulsations and space plasma waves, space weather in the polar regions, simulations of the polar ionosphere-magnetosphere. In conclusion, suggestions were made for future polar upper atmosphere physics research in China.
文摘IEEE 802.11ax,which is an emerging WLAN standard,aims at providing highly efficient communication in ultra-dense wireless networks.However,due to a large number of stations(STAs)in the ultra-dense device deployment scenarios,the potentially high packet collision rate significantly decreases the communication efficiency of WLAN.In this paper,we propose an adaptive STA grouping scheme to overcome this dense network challenge in IEEE 802.11ax by using Buffer State Report(BSR)based Two-stage Mechanism(BTM).In order to achieve the optimal efficiency of BSR delivery,we analyze the functional relationship between STA number in group and Resource Unit(RU)efficiency.Based on this analysis results,an adaptive STA grouping algorithm with variable group size is proposed to achieve efficient grouping in BTM.The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive BTM grouping algorithm significantly improves the BSR delivery efficiency and the throughput of overall system and each STA in the ultra-dense wireless network.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21573101)the Program for Liaoning Excellent Talents in University(LR2017011)+1 种基金the support plan for Distinguished Professor of Liaoning Province([2015]153)the Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents program([2017]96)
文摘WO3 photocatalyst decorated with highly dispersed CoWO4 or CuWO4 nanoparticles(CoWO4/WO3 or CuWO4/WO3) was successfully synthesized using an in-situ impregnation method followed by solid-state reaction. The structure, morphology, photophysical property, and photocatalytic degradation mechanism of the CoWO4/WO3 or CuWO4/WO3 samples were investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, HR-TEM, UV-vis DRS, SPV, and active trapping techniques. The XRD, SEM, and TEM results have revealed that CoWO4 or CuWO4 are highly dispersed on the WO3 surface, when the loading amount of CoWO4 or CuWO4 is small. However, obvious agglomeration is observed for the CoWO4 or CuWO4 particles, when the loading amount of CoWO4 or CuWO4 was increased. The visible-light photocatalytic degradation of RhB shows that all CoWO4/WO3 or CuWO4/WO3 samples exhibit superior photocatalytic performance as compared to pure WO3. This is mainly attributed to the formation of type II heterojunction between WO3 and CoWO4 or CuWO4, which can promote the photogenerated electrons and holes separation and transfer. Moreover, it is found that 0.2% CoWO4/WO3 or 0.2% CuWO4/WO3, in which MWO4 nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the surface of WO3, can achieve the most excellent photocatalytic activity among CoWO4/WO3 or CuWO4/WO3 samples, respectively. As compared with WO3, an enhancement about 9.1 times or 6.8 times in photocatalytic activity is observed on 0.2% CoWO4/WO3 or 0.2% CuWO4/WO3, respectively. Furthermore, the active species trapping experiment demonstrates that ·OH, h+, and ·O-2 generated during the photocatalytic process are all the reactive species in photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB) on CoWO4/WO3 or CuWO4/WO3. This study presents a strategy to design superior photocatalyst for organic compound degradation.
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program , China ( 2022ZDZX0014 and 2021YFYZ0002)the Plan of Tianfu Qingcheng of Sichuan Province, China。
文摘Increasing wheat yield is a long-term goal for wheat breeders around the world.Exploiting elite genetic resources and dissecting the genetic basis of important agronomic traits in wheat are the necessary methods for high-yield wheat breeding.This study evaluated nine crucial agronomic traits found in a natural population of 156 wheat varieties and77 landraces from Sichuan,China in seven environments over two years.The results of this investigation of agronomic traits showed that the landraces had more tillers and higher kernel numbers per spike (KNS),while the breeding varieties had higher thousand-kernel weight (TKW) and kernel weight per spike (KWS).The generalized heritability (H2) values of the nine agronomic traits varied from 0.74 to 0.95.Structure analysis suggested that the natural population could be divided into three groups using 43 198 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from the wheat 55K SNP chip.A total of 67 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified by the genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis based on the Q+K method of a mixed linear model.Three important QTLs were analyzed in this study.Four haplotypes of QFTN.sicau-7BL.1 for fertile tillers number (FTN),three haplotypes of QKNS.sicau-1AL.2 for KNS,and four haplotypes of QTKW.sicau-3BS.1 for TKW were detected.FTN-Hap2,KNS-Hap1,and TKW-Hap2 were excellent haplotypes for each QTL based on the yield performance of 42 varieties in regional trials from 2002 to 2013.The varieties with all three haplotypes showed the highest yield compared to those with either two haplotypes or one haplotype.In addition,the KASP-AX-108866053 marker of QTL QKNS.sicau-1AL.2 was successfully distinguished between three haplotypes(or alleles) in 63 varieties based on the number of kernels per spike in regional trials between 2018 and 2021.These genetic loci and reliable makers can be applied in marker-assisted selection or map-based gene cloning for the genetic improvement of wheat yield.
基金supported by the youth fund of the State Oceanic Administration, People's Republic of China (Grant no.2010614)the Polar Strategic Research Foundation of China (Grant no.20100201)+2 种基金the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean (Grant no.201005017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no.40874082,40890164)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant no.2010CB950503-06)
文摘Long-duration conjugate observations by the EISCAT Svalbard Radar （ESR） and the ionosonde at Zhongshan station from the International Polar Year （IPY） during solar minimum conditions are analyzed, with respect to variability in the F2-1ayer peak parameters. A comparison between International Reference Ionosphere- 2007 （IRI-2007） and observation data clearly demonstrates good agreement in summer, but greater deviations in winter. The IRI model reproduces the F2 peak parameters dominated by solar photoionization reasonably well, but it does not address the effect of electron precipitation. Hence, the discrepancies become large in the winter auroral ionosphere.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51579232 and 51890913)the Open Funding of State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety (Grant No. HESS-1712)。
文摘In this study, a morphodynamic numerical model is established with the Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS)to investigate the transient behavior of sand waves under realistic sea conditions. The simulation of sand wave evolution comprises two steps: 1) a regional-scale model is configured first to simulate the ocean hydrodynamics, i.e., tides and tidal currents, and 2) the transient behavior of sand waves is simulated in a small computational domain under the time-variant currents extracted from the large model. The evolution of sand waves on the continental shelf in the Beibu Gulf is specifically investigated. The numerical results of the two-year evolution of sand waves under normal sea conditions compare well with the field survey data. The transient behavior of sand waves in individual months shows that the sand waves are more stable in April and October than that in other months, which can be selected as the windows for seabed operations. The effects of sediment properties, including settling velocity, critical shear stress and surface erosion rate, on sand wave evolution are also analyzed. Then, the typhoon-induced currents are further superimposed on the tidal currents as the extreme weather conditions. Sand waves with the average wavelength generally have more active behavior than smaller or larger sand waves. The characteristics of the evolution of sand waves in an individual typhoon process are quite different for different hydrodynamic combinations. For the storm conditions, i.e., the real combination and maximum combination cases, the sand waves experience a significant migration together with a damping in height due to the dominant suspended sediment transport. For the mild conditions, i.e., the pure tidal current and minimum combination cases, the sand waves migrate less, but the heights continue growing due to the dominant bedload transport.
文摘OBJECTIVE Scalp mechanical stimulation, like combing, is one of the useful methods to keep brain health, which was historically recorded in traditional Chinese medicine thousand years ago. For the brain care, it is considered to promote cerebrovascular circulation to prevent alopecia,headache, neurasthenia, insomnia, memory deficits. However, few study was reported on its effect and how the scalp mechanical stimulation works on vascular functions. Therefore, in this study, we try to illustrate the effect of combing on the cerebrovascular. METHODS In vivo, the anesthetized mice have been used to observe the effects of scalp mechanical stimulation. Infrared thermal imaging has been used to measure the skin temperature;vasodilation has been evaluated by retro-orbital injection of FITC-dextran 150 ku;the permeability of Blood-Brain Barrier(BBB) was analyzed by confocal microscopy of FITC-dextran 40 ku extravasation and a spectrofluorometric assay of Even Blue extravasation.RESLUTS We found that scalp mechanical stimulation rather than on the back can maintain the body temperature, especially raise the temperature in the ears. Accordingly, a moderate vasodilatation of auricles′ capillaries(≤ 8 μm) was observed, the phenomenon of which did not occur combing on the back. Furthermore, the permeability of BBB was promoted by the assays of small molecular extravasation. In addition, in vivo imaging, the small molecular of FITC-dextran(40 ku) was found to transport far away from the blood vessels into the brain parenchyma with the lapse of time. CONCLUSION Scalp mechanical stimulation can work on vasodilatation of auricles and promotion of BBB under a biological condition. Combing, as a daily behavior, simple but may yield novel insights into neuroprotection.
