(1) The geochemical characteristics of extracted oils in three oil columns from the Liuhua11-1 Oilfield in the Pearl River Mouth Basin of South China Sea were analyzed in detail. The results show that the oil of Liuhu...(1) The geochemical characteristics of extracted oils in three oil columns from the Liuhua11-1 Oilfield in the Pearl River Mouth Basin of South China Sea were analyzed in detail. The results show that the oil of Liuhua 11-1 Oilfield is generated from a single source rock, and belongs to maturate oil and their maturities have little difference.(2) The characteristics of saturated hydrocarbon gas chromatography,bulk composition, concentrations of biomarkers and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of saturated hydrocarbon indicate that all samples studied were biodegraded, and the maximal level of biodegradation is less than PM level 6.(3) Bulk composition and the degree of biodegradation presented excellent gradient variations in the oil columns, and the highest degradation rates occurred at or near the oil–water contact(OWC). The key biomarkers of steranes and terpanes and maturity parameters of saturated hydrocarbon were not affected by degradation, which means that they are stable in slight to moderately biodegraded oils. Across the oilfield, the degree of biodegradation of LH11-1-3 was higher than that of LH11-1-1A and LH 11-1-4 in general.(4) We infer that the strong hydrodynamic conditions(tectonic control) and high reservoir temperatures(50–65 °C) are the primary controllers of the degree of oil biodegradation in the Liuhua 11-1 Oilfield and the late hydrocarbon accumulation may also have an important effect. The bulk composition and degree of biodegradation with excellent gradient variations in the oil columns were obviously controlled by the vertical distance from its in situ place to OWC. The highest supply of nutrient at the OWC results in high abundance of microorganisms and the highest degradation rate. And the lateral variation in level of biodegradation across the oil reservoir may be mainly control by the salinity of bottom water, the supply of nutrient and the energy of the bottom water.展开更多
目的探讨Griffiths发育评估量表-中文版(G D S-C)在评估孤独症谱系障碍(A S D)儿童中的应用价值,为其临床应用及推广提供理论依据。方法本研究共纳入39例ASD儿童作为研究对象,均使用GDS-C和0~6岁儿童神经心理发育量表(简称儿心量表)在2...目的探讨Griffiths发育评估量表-中文版(G D S-C)在评估孤独症谱系障碍(A S D)儿童中的应用价值,为其临床应用及推广提供理论依据。方法本研究共纳入39例ASD儿童作为研究对象,均使用GDS-C和0~6岁儿童神经心理发育量表(简称儿心量表)在2周内进行评估,并使用儿童孤独症评定量表(CARS)评估ASD程度。将GDS-C各维度分别与儿心量表和CARS进行分析比较,观察其相关性。结果除A运动维度外,GDS-C测得的B个人-社会、C语言、D手眼协调、E表现维度智龄均高于儿心量表(t值分别为2.90、2.85、3.58、3.40,均P<0.01)。按照ASD儿童各维度迟缓分布,GDS-C测评中A维度发现迟缓人数比率明显高于儿心量表(χ~2=15.10,P <0.01),其他各维度比较无明显差异。GDS-C量表A、B、C、D、E维度与儿心量表运动、社会行为、语言、精细动作、适应能力维度相关系数高且显著(r值分别为0.95、0.84、0.78、0.83、0.92,均P <0.01),F实际推理与儿心量表适应能力相关性稍弱(r=0.50,P <0.01)。GDS-C量表B、C及F维度与CARS量表成负相关(r值分别为―0.37、―0.38、―0.39,均P <0.05)。结论 GDS-C量表与儿心量表在ASD儿童的发育评估中具有较高的一致性。因其测试项目更为细致,能更准确的得到被测儿童的实际智龄,值得临床推广。展开更多
Monitoring soil microbial communities can lead to better understanding of the transformation processes of organic carbon in soil. The present study investigated the changes of soil microbial communities during straw d...Monitoring soil microbial communities can lead to better understanding of the transformation processes of organic carbon in soil. The present study investigated the changes of soil microbial communities during straw decomposition in three fields, i.e., cropland, peach orchard and vineyard. Straw decomposition was monitored for 360 d using a mesh-bag method. Soil microbial metabolic activity and functional diversity were measured using the Biolog-Eco system. In all three fields, dried straws with a smaller size decomposed faster than their fresh counterparts that had a larger size. Dried corn straw decomposed slower than dried soybean straw in the early and middle stages, while the reverse trend was found in the late stage. The cropland showed the highest increase in microbial metabolic activity during the straw decomposition, whereas the peach orchard showed the lowest. There was no significant change in the species dominance or evenness of soil microbial communities during the straw decomposition. However, the species richness fluctuated significantly, with the peach orchard showing the highest richness and the cropland the lowest. With different carbon sources, the peach orchard utilised carbon the most, followed by the cropland and the vineyard. In all three fields, carbon was utilized in following decreasing order： saccharides〉amino acids〉polymers〉polyamines〉carboxylic acids〉aromatic compounds. In terms of carbon-source utilization, soil microbial communities in the peach orchard were less stable than those in the cropland. The metabolic activity and species dominance of soil microbial communities were negatively correlated with the straw residual percentage. Refractory components were primarily accumulated in the late stages, thus slowing down the straw decomposition. The results showed that dried and crushed corn straw was better for application in long-term fields. The diversity of soil microbial communities was more stable in cropland than in orchards during the straw decomposition.展开更多
基金funded by the Major National Science and Technology Project of China (Grant No. 2011ZX05033004-003)
文摘(1) The geochemical characteristics of extracted oils in three oil columns from the Liuhua11-1 Oilfield in the Pearl River Mouth Basin of South China Sea were analyzed in detail. The results show that the oil of Liuhua 11-1 Oilfield is generated from a single source rock, and belongs to maturate oil and their maturities have little difference.(2) The characteristics of saturated hydrocarbon gas chromatography,bulk composition, concentrations of biomarkers and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of saturated hydrocarbon indicate that all samples studied were biodegraded, and the maximal level of biodegradation is less than PM level 6.(3) Bulk composition and the degree of biodegradation presented excellent gradient variations in the oil columns, and the highest degradation rates occurred at or near the oil–water contact(OWC). The key biomarkers of steranes and terpanes and maturity parameters of saturated hydrocarbon were not affected by degradation, which means that they are stable in slight to moderately biodegraded oils. Across the oilfield, the degree of biodegradation of LH11-1-3 was higher than that of LH11-1-1A and LH 11-1-4 in general.(4) We infer that the strong hydrodynamic conditions(tectonic control) and high reservoir temperatures(50–65 °C) are the primary controllers of the degree of oil biodegradation in the Liuhua 11-1 Oilfield and the late hydrocarbon accumulation may also have an important effect. The bulk composition and degree of biodegradation with excellent gradient variations in the oil columns were obviously controlled by the vertical distance from its in situ place to OWC. The highest supply of nutrient at the OWC results in high abundance of microorganisms and the highest degradation rate. And the lateral variation in level of biodegradation across the oil reservoir may be mainly control by the salinity of bottom water, the supply of nutrient and the energy of the bottom water.
文摘目的探讨Griffiths发育评估量表-中文版(G D S-C)在评估孤独症谱系障碍(A S D)儿童中的应用价值,为其临床应用及推广提供理论依据。方法本研究共纳入39例ASD儿童作为研究对象,均使用GDS-C和0~6岁儿童神经心理发育量表(简称儿心量表)在2周内进行评估,并使用儿童孤独症评定量表(CARS)评估ASD程度。将GDS-C各维度分别与儿心量表和CARS进行分析比较,观察其相关性。结果除A运动维度外,GDS-C测得的B个人-社会、C语言、D手眼协调、E表现维度智龄均高于儿心量表(t值分别为2.90、2.85、3.58、3.40,均P<0.01)。按照ASD儿童各维度迟缓分布,GDS-C测评中A维度发现迟缓人数比率明显高于儿心量表(χ~2=15.10,P <0.01),其他各维度比较无明显差异。GDS-C量表A、B、C、D、E维度与儿心量表运动、社会行为、语言、精细动作、适应能力维度相关系数高且显著(r值分别为0.95、0.84、0.78、0.83、0.92,均P <0.01),F实际推理与儿心量表适应能力相关性稍弱(r=0.50,P <0.01)。GDS-C量表B、C及F维度与CARS量表成负相关(r值分别为―0.37、―0.38、―0.39,均P <0.05)。结论 GDS-C量表与儿心量表在ASD儿童的发育评估中具有较高的一致性。因其测试项目更为细致,能更准确的得到被测儿童的实际智龄,值得临床推广。
基金supported by the Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau of the State Key Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences (K318009902-1310) the Shaanxi Province Innovative Engineering Project Coordinator (2011K01-48)
文摘Monitoring soil microbial communities can lead to better understanding of the transformation processes of organic carbon in soil. The present study investigated the changes of soil microbial communities during straw decomposition in three fields, i.e., cropland, peach orchard and vineyard. Straw decomposition was monitored for 360 d using a mesh-bag method. Soil microbial metabolic activity and functional diversity were measured using the Biolog-Eco system. In all three fields, dried straws with a smaller size decomposed faster than their fresh counterparts that had a larger size. Dried corn straw decomposed slower than dried soybean straw in the early and middle stages, while the reverse trend was found in the late stage. The cropland showed the highest increase in microbial metabolic activity during the straw decomposition, whereas the peach orchard showed the lowest. There was no significant change in the species dominance or evenness of soil microbial communities during the straw decomposition. However, the species richness fluctuated significantly, with the peach orchard showing the highest richness and the cropland the lowest. With different carbon sources, the peach orchard utilised carbon the most, followed by the cropland and the vineyard. In all three fields, carbon was utilized in following decreasing order： saccharides〉amino acids〉polymers〉polyamines〉carboxylic acids〉aromatic compounds. In terms of carbon-source utilization, soil microbial communities in the peach orchard were less stable than those in the cropland. The metabolic activity and species dominance of soil microbial communities were negatively correlated with the straw residual percentage. Refractory components were primarily accumulated in the late stages, thus slowing down the straw decomposition. The results showed that dried and crushed corn straw was better for application in long-term fields. The diversity of soil microbial communities was more stable in cropland than in orchards during the straw decomposition.
