China has started shifting from relying on supply management to demand management strategy in addressing its water shortage problems.Water option,a financial derivative for water commodity,has been utilized to manage ...China has started shifting from relying on supply management to demand management strategy in addressing its water shortage problems.Water option,a financial derivative for water commodity,has been utilized to manage water demands in the United States and Europe since the 1990 s but is still novel to China.In this study we analyzed the pros and cons of China’s existing system for water rights transfers and proposed an alternative,flexible trading instrument-water options for China.Incorporating the uncertainty to water option pricing,this study first conducted an empirical analysis of the water option in the water-receiving area of the Hanjiang-Weihe River Transfer Project of China,and then evaluated the benefits of the water option applications.Results show that water option trading can bring water cost saving and increase the potential industrially added value for industrial enterprises in the receiving area,and trading of short-and-medium term water options is more favorable than the long-term water options trading.The novel water option trading proposed in this study,once verified through pilot studies,will be helpful in addressing water shortage problems in China.展开更多
At the Shanghai Huangpu Tourist Festival held last September, the Canadian acrobat, Mr. Cockren, wearing an attractive T-shirt featuring Shenfeng chocolates, walked steadily along a tightrope. The breathtaking scene m...At the Shanghai Huangpu Tourist Festival held last September, the Canadian acrobat, Mr. Cockren, wearing an attractive T-shirt featuring Shenfeng chocolates, walked steadily along a tightrope. The breathtaking scene may still remain fresh in the memories of many Shanghai citizens. With every bold step forward, the chocolate’s image also left a deep impression on thousands of people. And that advertising creation was worked out by the Shang-展开更多
建立地黄中地黄苷D、益母草苷、松果菊苷、肉苁蓉苷A、毛蕊花糖苷5种成分含量测定方法,并建立地黄高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,为地黄质量控制提供科学依据。采用资生堂CAPCELL PAK C_(18)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱...建立地黄中地黄苷D、益母草苷、松果菊苷、肉苁蓉苷A、毛蕊花糖苷5种成分含量测定方法,并建立地黄高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,为地黄质量控制提供科学依据。采用资生堂CAPCELL PAK C_(18)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,柱温为30℃,变波长测定,流速为1.0 mL/min;通过“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012年版)”软件分析地黄的HPLC指纹图谱,对其质量一致性进行评价。结果显示,按照所建立的含量测定方法,5种成分在各自浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系(R2>0.999 0),精密度试验、重复性试验、稳定性试验RSD为0.12%~1.58%,平均加样回收率为96.5%~98.6%;建立的地黄HPLC指纹图谱共识别23个共有峰,地黄样品与对照指纹图谱的相似度为0.904~0.950。结果提示,建立的含量测定方法及HPLC指纹图谱适用于地黄质量的评价及生地黄与熟地黄的识别,准确度高,重现性好,可为地黄药材的质量控制提供技术支撑。展开更多
基金Under the auspices of the Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science Project(No.17XJA790005)Grant of Shaanxi Social Science Association&Shaanxi Statistics Bureau(No.2019TJ053)。
文摘China has started shifting from relying on supply management to demand management strategy in addressing its water shortage problems.Water option,a financial derivative for water commodity,has been utilized to manage water demands in the United States and Europe since the 1990 s but is still novel to China.In this study we analyzed the pros and cons of China’s existing system for water rights transfers and proposed an alternative,flexible trading instrument-water options for China.Incorporating the uncertainty to water option pricing,this study first conducted an empirical analysis of the water option in the water-receiving area of the Hanjiang-Weihe River Transfer Project of China,and then evaluated the benefits of the water option applications.Results show that water option trading can bring water cost saving and increase the potential industrially added value for industrial enterprises in the receiving area,and trading of short-and-medium term water options is more favorable than the long-term water options trading.The novel water option trading proposed in this study,once verified through pilot studies,will be helpful in addressing water shortage problems in China.
文摘At the Shanghai Huangpu Tourist Festival held last September, the Canadian acrobat, Mr. Cockren, wearing an attractive T-shirt featuring Shenfeng chocolates, walked steadily along a tightrope. The breathtaking scene may still remain fresh in the memories of many Shanghai citizens. With every bold step forward, the chocolate’s image also left a deep impression on thousands of people. And that advertising creation was worked out by the Shang-
文摘建立地黄中地黄苷D、益母草苷、松果菊苷、肉苁蓉苷A、毛蕊花糖苷5种成分含量测定方法,并建立地黄高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,为地黄质量控制提供科学依据。采用资生堂CAPCELL PAK C_(18)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,柱温为30℃,变波长测定,流速为1.0 mL/min;通过“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012年版)”软件分析地黄的HPLC指纹图谱,对其质量一致性进行评价。结果显示,按照所建立的含量测定方法,5种成分在各自浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系(R2>0.999 0),精密度试验、重复性试验、稳定性试验RSD为0.12%~1.58%,平均加样回收率为96.5%~98.6%;建立的地黄HPLC指纹图谱共识别23个共有峰,地黄样品与对照指纹图谱的相似度为0.904~0.950。结果提示,建立的含量测定方法及HPLC指纹图谱适用于地黄质量的评价及生地黄与熟地黄的识别,准确度高,重现性好,可为地黄药材的质量控制提供技术支撑。
