TiO2 pigments are typically coated with inert layers to suppress the photocatalytic activity and improve the weatherability. However, the traditional inert layers have a lower refractive index compared to TiO2, and th...TiO2 pigments are typically coated with inert layers to suppress the photocatalytic activity and improve the weatherability. However, the traditional inert layers have a lower refractive index compared to TiO2, and therefore reduce the lightening power of TiO2. In the present work, a uniform, amorphous, 2.9-nm-thick TiO2 protective layer was deposited onto the surface of anatase TiO2 pigments according to pulsed chemical vapor deposition at room temperature, with Ti Cl4 as titanium precursor. Amorphous TiO2 coating layers exhibited poor photocatalytic activity, leading to a boosted weatherability. Similarly, this coating method is also effective for TiO2 coating with amorphous SiO2 and SnO2 layers. However, the lightening power of amorphous TiO2 layer is higher than those of amorphous SiO2 and SnO2 layers. According to the measurements of photoluminescence lifetime, surface photocurrent density, charge-transfer resistance, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy, it is revealed that the amorphous layer can prevent the migration of photogenerated electrons and holes onto the surface, decreasing the densities of surface electron and hole, and thereby suppress the photocatalytic activity.展开更多
In order to grasp the relationship between farmers'willingness and behavior to withdraw from rural homesteads,based on the theory of planned behavior,a survey was conducted in Jizhou District,Tianjin using conveni...In order to grasp the relationship between farmers'willingness and behavior to withdraw from rural homesteads,based on the theory of planned behavior,a survey was conducted in Jizhou District,Tianjin using convenience sampling method.A total of 443 valid questionnaires were collected and they were analyzed by SPSS.The results are as follows.(i)The willingness of farmers to withdraw from rural homesteads is affected by pre-cognitive factors such as behavioral attitude,subject norm and perceived behavior control.(ii)Among the benefits that can be brought by the withdrawal of homesteads,farmers value the improvement of the housing environment the most.(iii)Family members'view and relatives and neighbors'withdrawing from homesteads also exerts greater pressure on farmers.(iv)Farmers generally lack trust in the village committees or government departments'claims.(v)The cost of relocation also restricts the perceived behavior control of farmers'homesteads withdrawing.Based on above result,the following suggestions are made:strengthening policy publicity,raising farmers'awareness of policies related to the withdrawal of homesteads,fully respecting farmers'wishes,promoting the withdrawal of rural homesteads in an orderly manner,expanding the scope of compensation for withdrawal of rural homesteads,and enriching compensation methods.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB0605700).
文摘TiO2 pigments are typically coated with inert layers to suppress the photocatalytic activity and improve the weatherability. However, the traditional inert layers have a lower refractive index compared to TiO2, and therefore reduce the lightening power of TiO2. In the present work, a uniform, amorphous, 2.9-nm-thick TiO2 protective layer was deposited onto the surface of anatase TiO2 pigments according to pulsed chemical vapor deposition at room temperature, with Ti Cl4 as titanium precursor. Amorphous TiO2 coating layers exhibited poor photocatalytic activity, leading to a boosted weatherability. Similarly, this coating method is also effective for TiO2 coating with amorphous SiO2 and SnO2 layers. However, the lightening power of amorphous TiO2 layer is higher than those of amorphous SiO2 and SnO2 layers. According to the measurements of photoluminescence lifetime, surface photocurrent density, charge-transfer resistance, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy, it is revealed that the amorphous layer can prevent the migration of photogenerated electrons and holes onto the surface, decreasing the densities of surface electron and hole, and thereby suppress the photocatalytic activity.
基金Tianjin Suburban Development Investigation and Research Project in 2019:Research on Rural Collective Property Rights System Reform and Development in Jizhou District.
文摘In order to grasp the relationship between farmers'willingness and behavior to withdraw from rural homesteads,based on the theory of planned behavior,a survey was conducted in Jizhou District,Tianjin using convenience sampling method.A total of 443 valid questionnaires were collected and they were analyzed by SPSS.The results are as follows.(i)The willingness of farmers to withdraw from rural homesteads is affected by pre-cognitive factors such as behavioral attitude,subject norm and perceived behavior control.(ii)Among the benefits that can be brought by the withdrawal of homesteads,farmers value the improvement of the housing environment the most.(iii)Family members'view and relatives and neighbors'withdrawing from homesteads also exerts greater pressure on farmers.(iv)Farmers generally lack trust in the village committees or government departments'claims.(v)The cost of relocation also restricts the perceived behavior control of farmers'homesteads withdrawing.Based on above result,the following suggestions are made:strengthening policy publicity,raising farmers'awareness of policies related to the withdrawal of homesteads,fully respecting farmers'wishes,promoting the withdrawal of rural homesteads in an orderly manner,expanding the scope of compensation for withdrawal of rural homesteads,and enriching compensation methods.
