Atmosphere-free activation methodology for holey graphene/cellulose nanofiber-based film electrode with highly efficient capacitance performance

An efficient chamber-induced activation method was applied for the preparation of holey graphene/cellulose nanofiber-based film with high specific surface area(SSA)and multiple channels through the graphene nanosheets.With the cellulose nanofiber(CNF)simultaneously serving as“dispersing agent,”“spacer,”and“activating agent,”the graphene oxide(GO)nanosheets are perforated by the pyrolysis gas from CNF in the confined space inside the hybrid films,uniformly dispersed,and sandwiched between CNF networks with less agglomeration and restacking.Additionally,we have proved that H2O and H2 are primarily responsible for the activation and etching of GO/CNF film.As the CNF content increases,the mesoporosity of the activated reduced GO/CNF(A-RGO/CNF)film increases,and the graphene nanosheets show more nanopore perforations.Benefitting from the high SSA,high density,moderate mesoporosity,and abundant channels for ion diffusion through the graphene nanosheets,the A-RGO/CNF film exhibits the highest specific capacitance of 323(236)F g^(−1)(F cm^(−3))at 1Ag^(−1).For the A-RGO5/CNF5 film containing half CNF and half GO,an excellent comprehensive electrochemical performance including superior rate performance(208(160)F g^(−1)(F cm^(−3))at 60Ag^(−1))is exhibited.Moreover,the A-RGO5/CNF5 electrode in an all-solid-state flexible symmetric supercapacitor delivers a high specific capacitance of 250(193)F g^(−1)(F cm^(−3))at 1Ag^(−1).This study provides a novel idea for the preparation of holey graphene-based film for supercapacitor electrodes.The strategy of simultaneously employing CNF as“dispersing agent,”“spacer,”and“activating agent”also offers a new vision for the assembly of homogeneous nanohybrid material and the utilization of pyrolysis gas.

Scoping review update on somatic symptom disorder that includes additional Chinese data

Somatic symptom disorder(SSD)is a new diagnosis introduced into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM-5),which is expected to solve the diagnostic difficulties of patients with medically unexplained symptoms.Based on the previous work,this review aims to comprehensively synthesise updated evidence related to SSD from recent years in English publications and,more extensively,from data published in Chinese language journals.The scoping review update was based on an earlier scoping review and included Chinese language publication data from China National Knowledge Internet(CNKI),WANFANG and WEIPU between January 2013 and May 2022 and data from PubMed,PsyclNFO,and Cochrane Library between June 2020 and May 2022.Initially,2984 articles were identified,of which 63 full texts were included for analysis.In China,SSD is mainly applied in scientific research,but it also shows good predictive validity and clinical application potential.The mean frequency of SSD was 4.5%in the general population,25.2%in the primary care population and 33.5%in diverse specialised care settings.Biological factors,such as brain region changes and heart rate variability,are associated with the onset of sSD.Psychological impairment related to somatic symptoms is the best predictor of prognosis.While adolescent SSD is significantly associated with family function,SSD overall is associated with an increased dysfunction of cognition and emotion,decreased quality of life,and high comorbidity with anxiety and depressive disorders.Further research is needed on suicide risk and cultural and gender-related issues.Updating the data of Chinese language studies,our research enriches the evidence-based findings related to the topics addressed in the text sections of the SSD chapter of DSM-5.However,research gaps remain about SSD reliability,population-based prevalence,suicide risk,and cultural and gender-related issues.

MicroRNA changes of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiated into neuronal-like cells by Schwann cell-conditioned medium

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into neurons under the induction of Schwann cells. However, key microRNAs and related pathways for differentiation remain unclear. This study screened and identified differentially expressed microRNAs in bone marrow- derived mesenchymal stem cells induced by Schwann cell-conditioned medium, and explored targets and related pathways involved in their differentiation into neuronal-like cells. Primary bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from femoral and tibial bones, while primary Schwann cells were isolated from bilateral saphenous nerves. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in unconditioned (control group) and Schwann cell-conditioned medium (bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell + Schwann cell group). Neuronal differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells induced by Schwann cell-conditioned medium was observed by time-lapse imaging. Upon induction, the morphology of bone marrow-derived mesencaymal stem cells changed into a neural shape with neurites. Results of quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that nestin mRNA expression was upregulated from 1 to 3 days and downregulated from 3 to 7 days in the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell + Schwann cell group. Compared with the control group, microtubule-associated protein 2 mRNA expression gradually increased from 1 to 7 days in the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell + Schwann cell group. After 7 days of induction, microRNA analysis iden:ified 83 significantly differentially expressed microRNAs between the two groups. Gene Ontology analysis indicated enrichment of microRNA target genes for neuronal projection development, regulation of axonogenesis, and positive regulation of cell proliferation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis demonstrated that Hippo, Wnt, transforming growth factor-beta, and Hedgehog signaling pathv/ays were potentially associated with neural differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. This study, which carried out successful microRNA analysis of neuronal-like cells differentiated from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by Schwann cell induction, revealed key microRNAs and pathways involved in neural differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. All protocols were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences on March 12, 2017 (approval number: DWLI-20170311).

Synthesis of core-shell nanostructured Cr2O3/C@TiO2 for photocatalytic hydrogen production

In this study,the Cr2O3/C@TiO2 composite was synthesized via the calcination of yolk–shell MIL-101@TiO2.The composite presented core–shell structure,where Cr-doped TiO2 and Cr2O3/C were the shell and core,respectively.The introduction of Cr^3+and Cr2O3/C,which were derived from the calcination of MIL-101,in the composite enhanced its visible light absorbing ability and lowered the recombination rate of the photogenerated electrons and holes.The large surface area of the Cr2O3/C@TiO2 composite provided numerous active sites for the photoreduction reaction.Consequently,the photocatalytic performance of the composite for the production of H2 was better than that of pure TiO2.Under the irradiation of a 300 W Xe arc lamp,the H2 production rate of the Cr2O3/C@TiO2 composite that was calcined at 500°C was 446μmol h−1 g−1,which was approximately four times higher than that of pristine TiO2 nanoparticles.Moreover,the composite exhibited the high H2 production rate of 25.5μmol h−1 g−1 under visible light irradiation(λ>420 nm).The high photocatalytic performance of Cr2O3/C@TiO2 could be attributed to its wide visible light photoresponse range and efficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes.This paper offers some insights into the design of a novel efficient photocatalyst for water-splitting applications.

Single-atom catalysts for CO oxidation,CO_(2) reduction,and O_(2) electrochemistry

CO_(x)(x=1,2)and O_(2) chemistry play key roles in tackling global severe environmental challenges and energy issues.To date,the efficient selective electrocatalytic transformations of COx-carbon chemicals,and O_(2)-hydrogenated products are still huge challenges.Single-atom catalysts(SACs)as atomic-scale novel catalysts in which only isolated metal atoms are dispersed on supports shed new insights in overcome these obstacles in CO_(x) and O_(2) chemistry,including CO oxidation,CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In this review,the unique features and advanced synthesis strategies of SACs from a viewpoint of fundamental synthesis design are first highlighted to guide future strategy design for controllable SAC synthesis.Then,the to-date reported CO_(2)RR,CO oxidation,OER,and ORR mechanism are included and summarized.More importantly,the design principles and design strategies of improving the intrinsic activity,selectivity,and stability are extensively discussed and the engineering strategy is classified as neighbor coordination engineering,metal-atom engineering,and substrate engineering.Via the comprehensive review and summary of state-of-the-art SACs,the synthesis–structure–property–mechanism–design principle relation can be revealed to shed lights into the structural construction of SACs.Finally,we present an outlook on current challenges and future directions for SACs in CO_(x) and O_(2) chemistry.

Association of ABO blood groups with the severity of coronary artery disease: a cross-sectional study

Objective To investigate whether ABO blood groups is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease(CAD). Methods Between January 2015 and December 2017, 1425 first diagnosed CAD patients confirmed by selective coronary angiography were recruited into this cross-sectional study, and their baseline characteristics, ABO blood groups, Gensini score were collected. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to test the association between the severity of CAD and ABO blood groups. Results The Gensini score was significantly higher in the blood group A than in the non-A groups(41.2 ± 32 vs. 38 ± 27;P = 0.026). After adjusting for age, male, smoking, family history of CAD, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia, multivariate linear regression indicated that blood group A was associated with the severity of CAD(β= 3.298, 95% CI: 0.91–6.505, P = 0.044). In diabetes group, A blood type was also associated with increased Gensini score(P = 0.02) after adjusting for age, male, family history of CAD, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and hypertension. Conclusion In this cross-sectional study, the data indicated that blood group A was an independent risk factor of severity of CAD in Chinese population and Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Mitochonic acid 5 regulates mitofusin 2 to protect microglia

Microglial apoptosis is associated with neuroinflammation and no effective strategies are currently available to protect microglia against inflammation-induced apoptosis. Mouse microglial BV-2 cells(5 × 10^6) were incubated with 10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharides for 12 hours to mimic an inflammatory environment. Then the cells were co-cultured with mitochonic acid 5(MA-5) for another 12 hours. MA-5 improved the survival of lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells. MA-5 decreased the activity of caspase-3, which is associated with apoptosis. MA-5 reduced the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling-positive cells, and increased adenosine triphosphate levels in cells. MA-5 decreased the open state of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and reduced calcium overload and diffusion of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase(Smac). MA-5 decreased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins(mitochondrial Smac, cytoplasmic Smac, pro-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-3, and caspase-9), and increased the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins(Bcl2 and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein), mitochondria-related proteins(mitochondrial fusion protein 2, mitochondrial microtubule-associated proteins 1 A/1 B light chain 3 B II), and autophagy-related proteins(Beclin1, p62 and autophagy related 5). However, MA-5 did not promote mitochondrial homeostasis or decrease microglial apoptosis when Mitofusin 2 expression was silenced. This shows that MA-5 increased Mitofusin 2-related mitophagy, reversed cellular energy production and maintained energy metabolism in BV-2 cells in response to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. These findings indicate that MA-5 may promote the survival of microglial cells via Mitofusin 2-related mitophagy in response to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation.

三维Minkowski空间中的一类螺旋面

三维Minkowski空间中,螺旋面由一条平面曲线进行螺旋运动生成。本文研究以类光向量为轴进行螺旋运动所生成的螺旋面,主要讨论平均曲率H和高斯曲率K满足关系式a1H2 + a2K = g(s)的螺旋面的存在性以及表达式。

人工真皮结合刃厚皮片一期移植与中厚皮片移植修复皮瓣供区的比较分析

目的探讨人工真皮结合刃厚皮片一期移植修复皮瓣供区皮肤缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾2018年1月至2021年12月收治且符合纳排标准的上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院骨科皮瓣手术患者资料,共221例。根据皮瓣供区修复方式分为两组,观察组115例,皮瓣供区皮肤缺损范围为11~240 cm^(2),应用人工真皮结合刃厚皮片一期移植修复;对照组106例,供区范围11~243 cm^(2),应用中厚皮片修复供区皮肤缺损。随访6~24个月,观察两组移植皮片存活率、供皮区愈合时间、患者满意度[视觉模拟自评量表(VAS)评分]、皮瓣供区瘢痕增生情况[温哥华瘢痕量表(VSS)评分]、供区周围上下肢关节功能[臂肩手功能障碍评分(DASH)和美国足踝外科医师协会(AOFAS)评分],并应用SPSS、GraphPad Prism 9软件统计分析,数据比较采用t检验、Wilcoxon检验、χ^(2)检验及Fisher精确检验。结果人工真皮联合刃厚皮移植组的皮片存活率稍高于中厚皮片移植组,但差异无统计学意义(95.7%和93.4%,P>0.05)、两组在创面愈合时间[观察组和对照组分别为18.00(16.00,20.00)d和17.50(16.00,20.00)d]及患者满意度[观察组和对照组得分分别为5.00(4.00,6.00)及5.00(4.00,7.00)]差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。人工真皮联合刃厚皮移植组无论是受皮区还是供皮区的瘢痕程度均优于中厚皮片组[(受皮区VSS评分分别为4.00(3.00,5.00)和5.00(4.00,6.00),Z=-3.647,P<0.01;供皮区VSS评分分别为2.00(1.00,3.00)和4.00(3.00,4.25),Z=-8.859,P<0.01)]。人工真皮联合刃厚皮移植组的相邻关节功能明显优于中厚皮片组[上肢功能评分分别为41.50(40.00,47.00)和49.00(45.25,54.00),Z=-4.961,P<0.01;下肢功能评分分别为91.00(87.00,93.50)和82.00(78.00,86.25),Z=-7.857,P<0.01]。结论人工真皮结合刃厚皮片一期移植是修复皮瓣供区良好的方法,可以给供区,特别是腱膜上提供良好的组织覆盖,在避免瘢痕挛缩同时确保了肌腱组织的有效滑动,有利于相邻关节功能的恢复。

Enhanced AC Fault Ride-through Control for MMC-integrated System Based on Active PCC Voltage Drop

When a renewable energy station(RES)connects to the rectifier station(RS)of a modular multilevel converterbased high-voltage direct current(MMC-HVDC)system,the voltage at the point of common coupling(PCC)is determined by RS control methods.For example,RS control may become saturated under fault,and causes the RS to change from an equivalent voltage source to an equivalent current source,making fault analysis more complicated.In addition,the grid code of the fault ride-through(FRT)requires the RES to output current according to its terminal voltage.This changes the fault point voltage and leads to RES voltage regulation and current redistribution,resulting in fault response interactions.To address these issues,this study describes how an MMC-integrated system has five operation modes and three common characteristics under the duration of the fault.The study also reveals several instances of RS performance degradation such as AC voltage loop saturation,and shows that RS power reversal can be significantly improved.An enhanced AC FRT control method is proposed to achieve controllable PCC voltage and continuous power transmission by actively reducing the PCC voltage amplitude.The robustness of the method is theoretically proven under parameter variation and operation mode switching.Finally,the feasibility of the proposed method is verified through MATLAB/Simulink results.

Curcumin inhibits the replication of enterovirus 71 in vitro

Human enterovirus 71(EV71)is the main causative pathogen of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)in children.The epidemic of HFMD has been a public health problem in Asia-Pacific region for decades,and no vaccine and effective antiviral medicine are available.Curcumin has been used as a traditional medicine for centuries to treat a diversity of disorders including viral infections.In this study,we demonstrated that curcumin showed potent antiviral effect again EV71.In Vero cells infected with EV71,the addition of curcumin significantly suppressed the synthesis of viral RNA,the expression of viral protein,and the overall production of viral progeny.Similar with the previous reports,curcumin reduced the production of ROS induced by viral infection.However,the antioxidant property of curcumin did not contribute to its antiviral activity,since N-acetyl-L-cysteine,the potent antioxidant failed to suppress viral replication.This study also showed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)was activated by either viral infection or curcumin treatment,but the activated ERK did not interfere with the antiviral effect of curcumin,indicating ERK is not involved in the antiviral mechanism of curcumin.Unlike the previous reports that curcumin inhibited protein degradation through ubiquitin–proteasome system(UPS),we found that curcumin had no impact on UPS in control cells.However,curcumin did reduce the activity of proteasomes which was increased by viral infection.In addition,the accumulation of the short-lived proteins,p53 and p21,was increased by the treatment of curcumin in EV71-infected cells.We further probed the antiviral mechanism of curcumin by examining the expression of GBF1 and PI4KB,both of which are required for the formation of viral replication complex.We found that curcumin significantly reduced the level of both proteins.Moreover,the decreased expression of either GBF1 or PI4KB by the application of siRNAs was sufficient to suppress viral replication.We also demonstrated that curcumin showed anti-apoptotic activity at the early stage of viral infection.The results of this study provide solid evidence that curcumin has potent anti-EV71 activity.Whether or not the down-regulated GBF1 and PI4KB by curcumin contribute to its antiviral effect needs further studies.

A porous hydrogel scaffold mimicking the extracellular matrix with swim bladder derived collagen for renal tissue regeneration

As a worldwide public health issue, chronic kidney disease still lacks of effective therapeutic approaches due to the challenges in conventional organ transplantation and dialysis. Renal tissue engineering offers an advantageous therapeutic or regenerative option over typical donor organ. However, despite the great progress of decellularized extracellular matrix based scaffold for the renal regeneration, several safety concerns and complex composition still remain to be addressed. Herein, the extracellular matrix-mimicking hydrogel scaffolds were developed through covalent and physical cross-linking between swim bladder-derived natural collagen(COL) and anti-fibrosis chondroitin sulfate(CS) derivatives.The biomimetic hydrogels showed proper mechanical property, excellent thermal stability and high biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo, by altering the mass ratio of COL and CS. When implanted in partially nephrectomized rat model, the 1 COL/2CS scaffold enable it recruit more native kidney cells, reduce the tubular damage, and even induce the regeneration of renal tubular-like tissue and restore renal metabolic function more effectively comparing with the pure 2COL and 2CS scaffold. These results suggest that the biomimetic scaffold is a promising functional platform for treating renal diseases.

Density functional theory(DFT) studies of vanadium-titanium based selective catalytic reduction(SCR) catalysts

Based on density functional theory(DFT)and basic structure models,the chemical reactions on the surface of vanadium-titanium based selective catalytic reduction(SCR)denitrification catalysts were summarized.Reasonable structural models(non-periodic and periodic structural models)are the basis of density functional calculations.A periodic structure model was more appropriate to represent the catalyst surface,and its theoretical calculation results were more comparable with the experimental results than a nonperiodic model.It is generally believed that the SCR mechanism where NH3 and NO react to produce N2 and H2 O follows an Eley-Rideal type mechanism.NH2 NO was found to be an important intermediate in the SCR reaction,with multiple production routes.Simultaneously,the effects of H2 O,SO2 and metal on SCR catalysts were also summarized.

Mullite Oxidation Resistant Coating for SiC-coated Carbon/Carbon Composites by Supersonic Plasma Spraying

To improve the oxidation resistance of carbon/carbon （C/C） composites, mullite coating was prepared on the surface of SiC-coated C/C composites by supersonic plasma spraying. Phases and microstructures of mullite coating were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The coating primarily consists of a single phase of mullite （3AI203-2SIO2）. The SEM results show that mullite coating was continuous and well bonded with the SiC inner layer without penetrating crack. Mullite coating exhibited good oxidation resistance, After 98.5 h oxidation at 1773 K and 9 thermal shock cycles between 1773 K and room temperature, the weight loss of the coated C/C composites was only 2.57%.

A benefit-aware on-demand provisioning approach for multi-tier applications in cloud computing

Dynamic resource provisioning is a challenging technique to meet the service level agreement （SLA） requirements of multi-tier applications in virtualization-based cloud computing. Prior efforts have addressed this challenge based on either a cost-oblivious approach or a cost-aware approach. However, both approaches may suffer frequent SLA violations under flash crowd conditions. Because they ignore the benefit gained that a multi-tier application continuously guarantees the SLA in the new configuration. In this paper, we propose a benefit-aware approach with feedback control theory to solve this problem. Experimental results based on live workload traces show that our approach can reduce resource provisioning cost by as much as 30% compared with a costoblivious approach, and can effectively reduce SLA viola- tions compared with a cost-aware approach.

Porous hybrid scaffold strategy for the realization of lightweight,highly efficient microwave absorbing materials

Exploring an advanced and efficient electromagnetic(EM) wave absorbing material by improving dielectric loss capacity and adjusting impendence matching is crucial yet challenging. Herein, the bacterial cellulose(BC) derived carbon aerogel(CA) with a robust nanofibrous network was used as a conductive loss scaffold to dissipate EM waves effectively, and the Zn O microparticles with excellent dielectric properties and low electrical conductivity were decorated on the scaffold to adjust dielectric parameters and impedance matching adequately. By using different zinc precursors, the tunable size and morphologies of Zn O crystals were obtained due to the growth rate of different crystallographic, including flowerlike, nanorod like, and cauliflower-like morphologies, which is beneficial to strong multiple reflections,intensive interfacial polarization, better impendence matching, as well as excellent maintenance of the hierarchical structure. Owing to the appropriate impendence matching and the considerable EM wave dissipation, the CA@ZnO composites achieve a superior EM absorbing performance with a broad effective absorbing bandwidth(whole X band) and a minimum reflection coefficient(-53.3 d B). This work paves a new way for developing lightweight and highly efficient EM absorbing materials comprising the carbon scaffold and semiconductor microparticles.

Recent progress in molten salt synthesis of low-dimensional perovskite oxide nanostructures, structural characterization,properties, and functional applications: A review

Molten salt synthesis （MSS） method has advantages of the simplicity in the process equipment, versatile and large-scale synthesis, and friendly environment, which provides an excellent approach to synthesize high pure oxide powders with controllable compositions and morphologies. Among these oxides, perovskite oxides with a composition of ABO3 exhibit a broad spectrum of physical properties and functions （e.g. ferroelectric, piezoelectric, magnetic, photovoltaic and photocatalytic properties）. The downscaling of the spatial geometry of perovskite oxides into nanometers result in novel properties that are different from the bulk and film counterparts. Recent interest in nanoscience and nanotechnology has led to great efforts focusing on the synthesis of low-dimensional perovskite oxide nanostructures （PONs） to better understand their novel physical properties at nanoscale. Therefore, the low-dimensional PONs such as perovskite nanoparticles, nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanobelts, and two dimensional oxide nanostructures, play an important role in developing the next generation of oxide electronics. In the past few years, much effort has been made on the synthesis of PONs by MSS method and their structural characterizations. The functional applications of PONs are also explored in the fields of storage memory, energy harvesting, and solar energy conversion. This review summarizes the recent progress in the synthesis of low-dimensional PONs by MSS method and its modified ways. Their structural char- acterization and physical properties are also scrutinized. The potential applications of low-dimensional PONs in different fields such as data memory and storage, energy harvesting, solar energy conversion, are highlighted. Perspectives concerning the future research trends and challenges of low-dimensional PONs are also outlined. ~ 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science ＆ Technology.

Investigation on the adhesive contact and electrical performance for triboelectric nanogenerator considering polymer viscoelasticity

The triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)is a new mechanical energy harvesting technology in which the typical viscoelastic material polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)is widely used.Micro-/nano-textures are often fabricated on the PDMS surface to enhance the electrical performance of TENG.As the contact region decreases to micro/nano scale,the adhesive forces become dominant.However,there is still a lack of contact mechanics model considering both material viscoelasticity and the adhesive forces to guide the surface texture design.In this paper,the explicit data-fitting formulas based on the fractional derivative Zener model are firstly derived to identify the viscoelastic constitutive parameters,which can not only avoid the influence of the initial contact point,but also ensure the accurate conversion between the creep compliance and the relaxation modulus function.Then a viscoelastic-adhesive contact model based on the fitted constitutive parameters is established,and the numerical algorithms such as bi-conjugate stabilized(Bi-CGSTAB)method and fast Fourier transform(FFT)technique are employed to analyze the effects of material viscoelasticity and texture sizes on the contact and electrical performance.It is shown that,compared with results from the elastic-adhesive contact model,the contact area ratio based on the viscoelastic-adhesive contact model is significantly larger,which is much closer to the experimental results.Among the selected sizes of pyramid texture,the higher electrical performance can be obtained from the textures with a smaller pitch and a larger width under the heavier applied load.This study can provide a theoretical reference for the design of viscoelastic surface texture of TENG.

Enhanced electron transport through two-dimensional Ti_(3)C_(2) in dye-sensitized solar cells

Two-dimensional(2D)Ti_(3)C_(2) material has a wide range of photovoltaic applications due to its unique electronic,optical,and plasmonic properties.Herein,we present a series of Ti_(3)C_(2)(0,0.6,0.8;wt%)nanosheets-modified P25 nanoparticles as photoanode films for dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs).The DSSC based on P25 and 0.6 wt%Ti_(3)C_(2) photoanode achieves a fairly good efficiency(9.22%),which greatly exceeds the counterpart based on the pure P25(7.16%).Benefiting from high light scattering and metallic electrical conductivity of Ti_(3)C_(2) additive,the P25/Ti_(3)C_(2)-based DSSC exhibits a superior behavior of controlling photogenerated charge recombination compared with pure P25 one.