Tailored nutritional interventions: A precision approach to managing gestational diabetes mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a risk to maternal-fetal health due to uncertain diagnostic criteria and treatment options.Luo's study demonstrated the efficacy of customized nutritional therapies in controlling GDM.Tailored strategies led to significant body weight loss,improved glucolipid metabolism,and fewer prenatal and newborn problems.This holistic approach,which emphasizes the notion of’chrononutrition’,takes into account optimal meal timing that is in sync with circadian rhythms,as well as enhanced sleep hygiene.Implementing tailored dietary therapy,managing meal timing,and ensuring appropriate sleep may improve results for women with GDM,opening up a possible avenue for multi-center trials.

Emerging perspectives on RNA virus-mediated infections:from pathogenesis to therapeutic interventions

RNA viruses continue to pose significant threats to global public health,necessitating a profound understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms and the development of effective therapeutic interventions.This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of emerging perspectives on RNA virus-mediated infections,spanning from the intricate intricacies of viral pathogenesis to the forefront of innovative therapeutic strategies.A critical exploration of antiviral drugs sets the stage,highlighting the diverse classes of compounds that target various stages of the viral life cycle,underscoring the ongoing efforts to combat viral infections.Central to this discussion is the exploration of RNA-based therapeutics,with a spotlight on messenger RNA(mRNA)-based approaches that have revolutionized the landscape of antiviral interventions.Furthermore,the manuscript delves into the intricate world of delivery systems,exploring innovative technologies designed to enhance the efficiency and safety of mRNA vaccines.By analyzing the challenges and advancements in delivery mechanisms,this review offers a roadmap for future research and development in this critical area.Beyond conventional infectious diseases,the document explores the expanding applications of mRNA vaccines,including their promising roles in cancer immunotherapy and personalized medicine approaches.This manuscript serves as a valuable resource for researchers,clinicians,and policymakers alike,offering a nuanced perspective on RNA virus pathogenesis and the cutting-edge therapeutic interventions.By synthesizing the latest advancements and challenges,this review contributes significantly to the ongoing discourse in the field,driving the development of novel strategies to combat RNA virus-mediated infections effectively.

Current understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal disease:Challenges and openings

The novel coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)is caused by a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus which belongs to the Coronaviridae family.In March 2019 the World Health Organization declared that COVID-19 was a pandemic.COVID-19 patients typically have a fever,dry cough,dyspnea,fatigue,and anosmia.Some patients also report gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms,including diarrhea,nausea,vomiting,and abdominal pain,as well as liver enzyme abnormalities.Surprisingly,many studies have found severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)viral RNA in rectal swabs and stool specimens of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients.In addition,viral receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine-type 2,were also found to be highly expressed in gastrointestinal epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa.Furthermore,SARS-CoV-2 can dynamically infect and replicate in both GI and liver cells.Taken together these results indicate that the GI tract is a potential target of SARS-CoV-2.Therefore,the present review summarizes the vital information available to date on COVID-19 and its impact on GI aspects.

Gender differences in the relationship between alcohol consumption and gastric cancer risk are uncertain and not well-delineated

The role of alcoholic and other beverage consumption in the etiology of gastric cancer is unknown.Several studies have summarized and established a significant association between heavy alcohol consumption and gastric cancer risk,but evidence on alcohol-related cancer risk is conflicting.

Radiological and clinical spectrum of COVID-19: A major concern for public health

The pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an infectious disease caused by+ve strand RNA virus(SARS-CoV-2,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)that belongs to the corona viridae family.In March,the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of novel coronavirus for the public health emergency.Although SARS-CoV-2 infection presents with respiratory symptoms,it affects other organs such as the kidneys,liver,heart and brain.Early-stage laboratory disease testing shows many false positive or negative outcomes such as less white blood cell count and a low number of lymphocyte count.However,radiological examination and diagnosis are among the main components of the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.In particular,for COVID-19,chest computed tomography developed vigorous initial diagnosis and disease progression assessment.However,the accuracy is limited.Although realtime reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of COVID-19,sometimes it may give false-negative results.Due to the consequences of the missing diagnosis.This resulted in a discrepancy between the two means of examination.Conversely,based on currently available evidence,we summarized the possible understanding of the various pathophysiology,radio diagnostic methods in severe COVID-19 patients.As the information on COVID-19 evolves rapidly,this review will provide vital information for scientists and clinicians to consider novel perceptions for the comprehensive knowledge of the diagnostic approaches based on current experience.

Viral hepatitis: A global burden needs future directions for the management

Viral hepatitis is an acute or chronic liver disease due to the infection from Hepatitis A,B,C,D and E viruses.It can cause severe liver damage such as cirrhosis,liver failure and liver cancer.To avoid such fatal complications,hepatitis patients must be diagnosed,pathologized and treated as soon as possible.Furthermore,these hepatitis viruses infect through different routes,resulting in distinct disease pathologies,severity and even the need for specific treatment strategies to combat the infection.

SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with pre-existing liver disease:Further research is warranted

Patients with severe liver disease who have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(coronavirus disease 2019)frequently develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure,with a high mortality rate,as a result of the hyper-proinflammatory state known as the cytokine storm.Clinicians must recognize cytokine storms earlier to avoid intensive care admission and multi-organ damage,a critical life-threatening condition with prognostic and therapeutic implications.

Liver dysfunction during COVID-19 pandemic:Contributing role of associated factors in disease progression and severity

In December 2019,a new strain of coronavirus was discovered in China,and the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic in March 2020.The majority of people with coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19)exhibit no or only mild symptoms such as fever,cough,anosmia,and headache.Meanwhile,approximately 15%develop a severe lung infection over the course of 10 d,resulting in respiratory failure,which can lead to multi-organ failure,coagulopathy,and death.Since the beginning of the pandemic,it appears that there has been consideration that preexisting chronic liver disease may predispose to deprived consequences in conjunction with COVID-19.Furthermore,extensive liver damage has been linked to immune dysfunction and coagulopathy,which leads to a more severe COVID-19 outcome.Besides that,people with COVID-19 frequently have abnormal liver function,with more significant elevations in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in patients with severe COVID-19 compared to those with mild/moderate disease.This review focuses on the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection in the liver,as well as the use of liver chemistry as a prognostic tool during COVID-19.We also evaluate the findings for viral infection of hepatocytes,and look into the potential mechanisms behind SARS-CoV-2-related liver damage.

Management of SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major challenge in patients with lymphoid malignancies: Warrants a clear therapeutic strategy

Patients with lymphoid malignancies are at a higher risk of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection due to their immunocompromised state and results in higher mortality rates in these patients.Anti-CD 20 therapy is one of the leading causes of immunosuppression that worsens in COVID-19 cases.COVID-19 vaccines,on the other hand,appear to be less beneficial to these patients.Appropriate treatment and recommendations are required for these COVID-19 patients with lymphoid malignancies.

Bacterial and fungal co-infection is a major barrier in COVID-19 patients:A specific management and therapeutic strategy is required

Microbial co-infections are another primary concern in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),yet it is an untouched area among researchers.Preliminary data and systematic reviews only show the type of pathogens responsible for that,but its pathophysiology is still unknown.Studies show that these microbial co-infections are hospital-acquired/nosocomial infections,and patients admitted to intensive care units with invasive mechanical ventilation are highly susceptible to it.Patients with COVID-19 had elevated inflammatory cytokines and a weakened cell-mediated immune response,with lower CD4+T and CD8+T cell counts,indicating vulnerability to various co-infections.Despite this,there are only a few studies that recommend the management of coinfections.