Taurine is a sulfur-containing,semi-essential amino acid that occurs naturally in the body.It alternates between inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated injury in various disease models.As part of its limiting func...Taurine is a sulfur-containing,semi-essential amino acid that occurs naturally in the body.It alternates between inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated injury in various disease models.As part of its limiting functions,taurine also modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress,Ca^(2+)homeostasis,and neuronal activity at the molecular level.Taurine effectively protects against a number of neurological disorders,including stro ke,epilepsy,cerebral ischemia,memory dysfunction,and spinal cord injury.Although various therapies are available,effective management of these disorders remains a global challenge.Approximately 30 million people are affected worldwide.The design of taurine fo rmation co uld lead to potential drugs/supplements for the health maintenance and treatment of central nervous system disorders.The general neuroprotective effects of taurine and the various possible underlying mechanisms are discussed in this review.This article is a good resource for understanding the general effects of taurine on various diseases.Given the strong evidence for the neuropharmacological efficacy of taurine in various experimental paradigms,it is concluded that this molecule should be considered and further investigated as a potential candidate for neurotherapeutics,with emphasis on mechanism and clinical studies to determine efficacy.展开更多
Background:Inflammatory diseases are among the leading causes of health issues that considerably influence health care costs.Despite the notable advancements in medical treatment that have been made in recent years,na...Background:Inflammatory diseases are among the leading causes of health issues that considerably influence health care costs.Despite the notable advancements in medical treatment that have been made in recent years,natural products with biological activity still play essential roles in a variety of anti-inflammatory conditions.The study and identification of novel treatments for the adverse effects of available synthetic anti-inflammatory agents warrant further attention.Objective:This study focused on the emerging therapeutic potential of terpenoid products as anti-inflammatory agents.Methods:The literature reveals that secondary metabolites obtained from medicinal plants,viz.terpenes and terpenoids and their nanoformulations,are effective for the treatment of inflammation in humans.Established terpenes are a broad class of secondary metabolites that are rich in monoterpenes,diterpenes,triterpenes,tetraterpenes,ceramides,and sesquiterpenes and have various therapeutic applications,such as antitumor,antibacterial,antimicrobial,analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.Numerous studies have shown that terpenes can decrease inflammation-associated symptoms by reducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines,including nuclear transcription factor-kappa B,interleukins,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and other inflammatory mediators.Conclusion:This review describes the latest knowledge of the different terpenoid-derived natural and synthetic compounds that have been isolated from plant sources in recent years and their anti-inflammatory potential and therapeutic mechanism of action.Furthermore,this study focused on terpenoid-based nanoformulations with enhanced bioavailability and improved therapeutic efficacy as anti-inflammatory agents.展开更多
Background:Renal calculi,commonly known as kidney stones,is a prevalent urological condition that affects a substantial portion of the population worldwide.The formation of kidney stones is a complex process influence...Background:Renal calculi,commonly known as kidney stones,is a prevalent urological condition that affects a substantial portion of the population worldwide.The formation of kidney stones is a complex process influenced by various factors,including diet,fluid intake,genetics,and metabolic abnormalities.The pathogenesis of renal calculi involves a complex interplay of multiple factors,including supersaturation of urine with stone-forming constituents,urinary supersaturation,crystallization,and aggregation.Objective:This review aims to provide an overview of the present understanding of renal calculi,their pathophysiology,diagnostic approaches,and available treatment modalities.Methods:This review discusses the different types of kidney stones,such as calcium oxalate,calcium phosphate,uric acid,and struvite stones,and explores their formation mechanisms and associated risk factors.The management of renal calculi relies on stone characteristics,patient symptoms,stone size,and location.Furthermore,counseling and education regarding lifestyle modifications and risk factor management are essential for long-term management.Conclusion:Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management based on stone characteristics and patient symptoms are essential for successful outcomes.Preventive strategies to reduce stone recurrence are vital for long-term management and patient well-being.However,further research is needed to refine diagnostic techniques,improve treatment options,and enhance the understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of renal calculi.展开更多
文摘Taurine is a sulfur-containing,semi-essential amino acid that occurs naturally in the body.It alternates between inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated injury in various disease models.As part of its limiting functions,taurine also modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress,Ca^(2+)homeostasis,and neuronal activity at the molecular level.Taurine effectively protects against a number of neurological disorders,including stro ke,epilepsy,cerebral ischemia,memory dysfunction,and spinal cord injury.Although various therapies are available,effective management of these disorders remains a global challenge.Approximately 30 million people are affected worldwide.The design of taurine fo rmation co uld lead to potential drugs/supplements for the health maintenance and treatment of central nervous system disorders.The general neuroprotective effects of taurine and the various possible underlying mechanisms are discussed in this review.This article is a good resource for understanding the general effects of taurine on various diseases.Given the strong evidence for the neuropharmacological efficacy of taurine in various experimental paradigms,it is concluded that this molecule should be considered and further investigated as a potential candidate for neurotherapeutics,with emphasis on mechanism and clinical studies to determine efficacy.
文摘Background:Inflammatory diseases are among the leading causes of health issues that considerably influence health care costs.Despite the notable advancements in medical treatment that have been made in recent years,natural products with biological activity still play essential roles in a variety of anti-inflammatory conditions.The study and identification of novel treatments for the adverse effects of available synthetic anti-inflammatory agents warrant further attention.Objective:This study focused on the emerging therapeutic potential of terpenoid products as anti-inflammatory agents.Methods:The literature reveals that secondary metabolites obtained from medicinal plants,viz.terpenes and terpenoids and their nanoformulations,are effective for the treatment of inflammation in humans.Established terpenes are a broad class of secondary metabolites that are rich in monoterpenes,diterpenes,triterpenes,tetraterpenes,ceramides,and sesquiterpenes and have various therapeutic applications,such as antitumor,antibacterial,antimicrobial,analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.Numerous studies have shown that terpenes can decrease inflammation-associated symptoms by reducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines,including nuclear transcription factor-kappa B,interleukins,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and other inflammatory mediators.Conclusion:This review describes the latest knowledge of the different terpenoid-derived natural and synthetic compounds that have been isolated from plant sources in recent years and their anti-inflammatory potential and therapeutic mechanism of action.Furthermore,this study focused on terpenoid-based nanoformulations with enhanced bioavailability and improved therapeutic efficacy as anti-inflammatory agents.
文摘Background:Renal calculi,commonly known as kidney stones,is a prevalent urological condition that affects a substantial portion of the population worldwide.The formation of kidney stones is a complex process influenced by various factors,including diet,fluid intake,genetics,and metabolic abnormalities.The pathogenesis of renal calculi involves a complex interplay of multiple factors,including supersaturation of urine with stone-forming constituents,urinary supersaturation,crystallization,and aggregation.Objective:This review aims to provide an overview of the present understanding of renal calculi,their pathophysiology,diagnostic approaches,and available treatment modalities.Methods:This review discusses the different types of kidney stones,such as calcium oxalate,calcium phosphate,uric acid,and struvite stones,and explores their formation mechanisms and associated risk factors.The management of renal calculi relies on stone characteristics,patient symptoms,stone size,and location.Furthermore,counseling and education regarding lifestyle modifications and risk factor management are essential for long-term management.Conclusion:Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management based on stone characteristics and patient symptoms are essential for successful outcomes.Preventive strategies to reduce stone recurrence are vital for long-term management and patient well-being.However,further research is needed to refine diagnostic techniques,improve treatment options,and enhance the understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of renal calculi.
