New energy vehicles have better clean and environmental protection characteristics than traditional fuel vehicles.The new energy engine cooling technology is critical in the design of new energy vehicles.This paper us...New energy vehicles have better clean and environmental protection characteristics than traditional fuel vehicles.The new energy engine cooling technology is critical in the design of new energy vehicles.This paper used oneand three-way joint simulation methods to simulate the refrigeration system of new energy vehicles.Firstly,a k-εturbulent flow model for the cooling pump flow field is established based on the principle of computational fluid dynamics.Then,the CFD commercial fluid analysis software FLUENT is used to simulate the flow field of the cooling pump under different inlet flow conditions.This paper proposes an optimization scheme for new energy vehicle engines’“boiling”phenomenon under high temperatures and long-time climbing conditions.The simulation results show that changing the radiator’s structure and adjusting the thermostat’s parameters can solve the problem of a“boiling pot.”The optimized new energy vehicle engine can maintain a better operating temperature range.The algorithm model can reference each cryogenic system component hardware selection and control strategy in the new energy vehicle’s engine.展开更多
背景与目的达芬奇机器人手术系统在胸外科的应用日益广泛,本研究旨在探讨经达芬奇机器人手术治疗I期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)患者的疗效。方法回顾2012年1月-2017年12月于我科行手术治疗的Ⅰ期NSCLC患者347例,...背景与目的达芬奇机器人手术系统在胸外科的应用日益广泛,本研究旨在探讨经达芬奇机器人手术治疗I期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)患者的疗效。方法回顾2012年1月-2017年12月于我科行手术治疗的Ⅰ期NSCLC患者347例,依据手术方式分为机器人(robot-assisted thoracic surgery, RATS)组134例及腔镜(videoassisted thoracic surgery, VATS)组213例。比较两组患者围术期一般指标(术中出血量、术后引流量、术后带管时间、术后住院时间、淋巴结清扫状况),分析患者生存状况(overall survival, OS)、无进展生存状况(disease free survival, DFS)及相关影响因子。结果机器人组与腔镜组术中出血量[(49±39) mL vs (202±239) mL]、术后引流量[Day 1:(248±123)mL vs (350±213) mL; Day 2:(288±189) mL vs (338±189) mL]比较,机器人组均少于腔镜组(P<0.05);术后带管时间[(10±5) d vs (11±8) d]及住院时间[(13±6) d vs (14±9) d]两组患者无明显差异(P>0.05)。机器人组与腔镜组的淋巴结清扫组数[(5±2)组vs (4±2)组]及淋巴清扫数量[(18±9)枚vs(11±8)枚]比较,机器人组均优于腔镜组(P<0.05)。机器人组与腔镜组生存状况比较[1年生存率:97.3%vs 96%、3年生存率:89.8%vs 83.1%、5年生存率:87.5%vs 70.3%,平均生存时间(month):61 vs 59],两组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。无进展生存状况:机器人组与腔镜组比较[1年无进展生存率:93.7%vs 91.3%、3年无进展生存率:87.7%vs 68.4%、5年无进展生存率:87.7%vs 52.5%,平均无进展生存时间(month):61 vs 50],机器人组明显优于腔镜组(P<0.05)。单因素分析显示,淋巴结清扫数量是患者生存状况的影响因子;肿瘤直径、手术方式、淋巴结清扫组数、淋巴结清扫数量为患者无进展生存状况的影响因子。多因素分析显示生存状况无独立影响因子,肿瘤直径及手术方式为无进展生存状况的独立影响因子。结论达芬奇机器人Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌患者术后生存状况与腔镜手术无差异,但无进展生存状况优于腔镜手术;达芬奇机器人手术淋巴结清扫更彻底,同时术中出血量更少。展开更多
The aerodynamics and heat transfer performance in the rear-mounted automobile cabin have an important influence on the engine’s safety and the operational stability of the automobile.The article uses STARCCM and GT-C...The aerodynamics and heat transfer performance in the rear-mounted automobile cabin have an important influence on the engine’s safety and the operational stability of the automobile.The article uses STARCCM and GT-COOL software to establish the 3D wind tunnel model and engine cooling system model of the internal combustion engine.At the same time,we established a 3D artificial coupling model through parameter transfer.The research results show that the heat transfer coefficient decreases with the increase of the comprehensive drag coefficient of the nacelle.This shows that the cabin flow field has an important influence on the heat transfer coefficient.Themainstream temperature rise of the engine room increases with the increase of the engine load.It is proved that vehicle speed affects the amount of heat dissipation of the engine room internal combustion engine under certain load conditions.The article provides a more effective and fast calculation method for the research on the heat dissipation of the internal combustion engine and the optimization of the cooling system equipment.展开更多
Developmental changes in hemolymph ecdysteroid level, ecdysteroid synthesis by prothoracic glands （PGs） in vitro, prothoracicotropic hormone （PTTH） activity in brain extracts, and PTTH activity in the hemolymph we...Developmental changes in hemolymph ecdysteroid level, ecdysteroid synthesis by prothoracic glands （PGs） in vitro, prothoracicotropic hormone （PTTH） activity in brain extracts, and PTTH activity in the hemolymph were measured during the fifth larval instar of the Eri silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini. The changing patterns of hemolymph ecdysteroid level and ecdysteroid synthesis by laGs in vitro are similar to each other, with maximums on day 9. However, on this day, hemolymph ecdysteroid level was substantially higher than ecdysteroid synthesis by PGs in vitro suggesting a high PTTH activity in the hemolymph on day 9. Moreover, the changing pattern of PTTH activity in brain extracts is also similar to that of PTTH activity in the hemolymph, both peaking on day 9. However, on this day, activity in brain extracts was much smaller than PTTH activity in the hemolymph implying that most PTTH synthesized by the brain is secreted to the hemolymph and the brain stores a very little amount of PTTH. This study provides unique insights onto the hormonal regulation of ecdysteroid synthesis in the Eri silkworm and is useful for our future studies on signal transduction of insect neurolaelatides.展开更多
文摘New energy vehicles have better clean and environmental protection characteristics than traditional fuel vehicles.The new energy engine cooling technology is critical in the design of new energy vehicles.This paper used oneand three-way joint simulation methods to simulate the refrigeration system of new energy vehicles.Firstly,a k-εturbulent flow model for the cooling pump flow field is established based on the principle of computational fluid dynamics.Then,the CFD commercial fluid analysis software FLUENT is used to simulate the flow field of the cooling pump under different inlet flow conditions.This paper proposes an optimization scheme for new energy vehicle engines’“boiling”phenomenon under high temperatures and long-time climbing conditions.The simulation results show that changing the radiator’s structure and adjusting the thermostat’s parameters can solve the problem of a“boiling pot.”The optimized new energy vehicle engine can maintain a better operating temperature range.The algorithm model can reference each cryogenic system component hardware selection and control strategy in the new energy vehicle’s engine.
文摘背景与目的达芬奇机器人手术系统在胸外科的应用日益广泛,本研究旨在探讨经达芬奇机器人手术治疗I期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)患者的疗效。方法回顾2012年1月-2017年12月于我科行手术治疗的Ⅰ期NSCLC患者347例,依据手术方式分为机器人(robot-assisted thoracic surgery, RATS)组134例及腔镜(videoassisted thoracic surgery, VATS)组213例。比较两组患者围术期一般指标(术中出血量、术后引流量、术后带管时间、术后住院时间、淋巴结清扫状况),分析患者生存状况(overall survival, OS)、无进展生存状况(disease free survival, DFS)及相关影响因子。结果机器人组与腔镜组术中出血量[(49±39) mL vs (202±239) mL]、术后引流量[Day 1:(248±123)mL vs (350±213) mL; Day 2:(288±189) mL vs (338±189) mL]比较,机器人组均少于腔镜组(P<0.05);术后带管时间[(10±5) d vs (11±8) d]及住院时间[(13±6) d vs (14±9) d]两组患者无明显差异(P>0.05)。机器人组与腔镜组的淋巴结清扫组数[(5±2)组vs (4±2)组]及淋巴清扫数量[(18±9)枚vs(11±8)枚]比较,机器人组均优于腔镜组(P<0.05)。机器人组与腔镜组生存状况比较[1年生存率:97.3%vs 96%、3年生存率:89.8%vs 83.1%、5年生存率:87.5%vs 70.3%,平均生存时间(month):61 vs 59],两组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。无进展生存状况:机器人组与腔镜组比较[1年无进展生存率:93.7%vs 91.3%、3年无进展生存率:87.7%vs 68.4%、5年无进展生存率:87.7%vs 52.5%,平均无进展生存时间(month):61 vs 50],机器人组明显优于腔镜组(P<0.05)。单因素分析显示,淋巴结清扫数量是患者生存状况的影响因子;肿瘤直径、手术方式、淋巴结清扫组数、淋巴结清扫数量为患者无进展生存状况的影响因子。多因素分析显示生存状况无独立影响因子,肿瘤直径及手术方式为无进展生存状况的独立影响因子。结论达芬奇机器人Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌患者术后生存状况与腔镜手术无差异,但无进展生存状况优于腔镜手术;达芬奇机器人手术淋巴结清扫更彻底,同时术中出血量更少。
基金The study was partly supported by the Grant SC2021ZX05A0013 of the Heilongjiang Province“hundred,thousand,thousand”Engineering Science and Technology Major Special Project.
文摘The aerodynamics and heat transfer performance in the rear-mounted automobile cabin have an important influence on the engine’s safety and the operational stability of the automobile.The article uses STARCCM and GT-COOL software to establish the 3D wind tunnel model and engine cooling system model of the internal combustion engine.At the same time,we established a 3D artificial coupling model through parameter transfer.The research results show that the heat transfer coefficient decreases with the increase of the comprehensive drag coefficient of the nacelle.This shows that the cabin flow field has an important influence on the heat transfer coefficient.Themainstream temperature rise of the engine room increases with the increase of the engine load.It is proved that vehicle speed affects the amount of heat dissipation of the engine room internal combustion engine under certain load conditions.The article provides a more effective and fast calculation method for the research on the heat dissipation of the internal combustion engine and the optimization of the cooling system equipment.
文摘Developmental changes in hemolymph ecdysteroid level, ecdysteroid synthesis by prothoracic glands （PGs） in vitro, prothoracicotropic hormone （PTTH） activity in brain extracts, and PTTH activity in the hemolymph were measured during the fifth larval instar of the Eri silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini. The changing patterns of hemolymph ecdysteroid level and ecdysteroid synthesis by laGs in vitro are similar to each other, with maximums on day 9. However, on this day, hemolymph ecdysteroid level was substantially higher than ecdysteroid synthesis by PGs in vitro suggesting a high PTTH activity in the hemolymph on day 9. Moreover, the changing pattern of PTTH activity in brain extracts is also similar to that of PTTH activity in the hemolymph, both peaking on day 9. However, on this day, activity in brain extracts was much smaller than PTTH activity in the hemolymph implying that most PTTH synthesized by the brain is secreted to the hemolymph and the brain stores a very little amount of PTTH. This study provides unique insights onto the hormonal regulation of ecdysteroid synthesis in the Eri silkworm and is useful for our future studies on signal transduction of insect neurolaelatides.
