A Survey on the Current Situation of Prehospital First Aid about Knowledge, Belief and Behavior among University Students in Jingzhou

Objective: To understand the current situation of prehospital first aid knowledge, attitude and behavior of university students in Jingzhou City. Methods: A prehospital first aid knowledge questionnaire and the convenience sampling method were used to survey 307 university students in Jingzhou City. Results: The mean score of prehospital first aid knowledge of university students in Jingzhou City was 12.85 ± 2.643, the mean score of attitude was 50.73 ± 4.114, and the mean score of behavior was 39.05 ± 8.898;There was a statistically significant difference in the scores of prehospital first aid knowledge, attitude, and behavior of university students depending on whether or not they had received prehospital first aid training (P P Conclusion: Jingzhou University students have a positive attitude toward pre-hospital first aid, but the knowledge level and behavior are low, which suggests that the government, society and the school should create good conditions to promote the improvement of pre-hospital first aid knowledge and ability.

2010-2019年甘肃省肿瘤登记地区肺癌发病的流行病学特征分析

背景与目的肺癌是中国发病率最高、疾病负担最重的恶性肿瘤。近年来,肺癌呈高发趋势,严重影响人群健康。本文通过分析甘肃省肿瘤登记地区2019年肺癌发病特征及2010-2019年发病率趋势,为甘肃省肺癌防控策略制定提供参考依据。方法通过分析甘肃省肿瘤登记地区2019年肺癌发病个案,计算发病率、中标发病率、世标发病率等相关指标;采用Joinpoint计算年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC),进行趋势分析。结果2019年甘肃省共报告肺癌新发病例3757例,占所有新发恶性肿瘤的14.96%,肺癌发病率、中标率、世标率分别为40.52/10万、30.91/10万和25.86/10万,0-74岁累积率、35-64岁截缩率分别为3.23%和40.03/10万。肺癌发病随着年龄增长而上升,在≥40岁组高发,男、女性人群分别在≥75岁组、≥80岁组达到发病高峰。2010-2019年甘肃省肿瘤登记地区肺癌粗发病率总体呈上升趋势,且上升速度较快,APC为5.39%(P<0.05);分别按照性别、城乡进行统计,各人群肺癌发病率均呈上升趋势,男性、女性、城市、农村人群APC分别为4.98%、6.39%、6.26%和4.64%(P均<0.05)。按照年龄组肺癌发病率进行趋势分析,仅≥65岁组人群肺癌发病以年均4.15%的速度上升(P<0.05)。结论2010-2019年甘肃省肿瘤登记地区肺癌发病率呈现逐年上升趋势,不同性别、地区及年龄组人群肺癌发病存在差异,应针对肺癌发病重点人群开展综合防控工作。

Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Preterm Infants Breastfeeding in Jingzhou 3A Hospital

Background: Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for premature infants and a “good medicine” for disease treatment. However, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding of premature infants in China still needs to be improved at present, and the factors affecting breastfeeding are different in different places. Objective: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of preterm infants breastfeeding in Jingzhou 3A hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect breastfeeding information of premature infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from May to August in 2019 in Jingzhou 3A Hospital, and 152 premature infants’ related information were collected. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the mothers who failed to breastfeed. Results: The rate of exclusive breastfeeding among premature infants in NICU was 9.87%. The rates of first breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding at discharge were 13.16% and 32.89% respectively. Not producing enough milk and knowing the right way to pump breast milk contributed a lot to the failure of exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: More attention should be paid to the health education and management to improve the rate of breastfeeding in NICU.

石灰对降香黄檀生长和光合特性的影响

土壤酸化是影响植物生长发育的重要因素之一,为探讨石灰用量对降香黄檀Dalbergia odorif-era人工幼林生长及光合特性的影响,在降香黄檀人工幼林造林过程中施加不同量(2.5 kg·植穴^(-1);5 kg·植穴^(-1);10 kg·植穴^(-1))的石灰,分析生长指标和光合生理指标。结果显示,造林后33个月,降香黄檀净光合速率、叶面积、苗高、地径均随施加石灰量的增加逐渐上升。在施加石灰量为10 kg·植穴^(-1)时达到最大值,其净光合速率、叶面积、苗高、地径依次为9.76μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)、19.89 cm^(2)、359.97 cm、5.91 cm,比对照提高了192.20%、77.08%、35.03%、44.02%(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,在酸性立地条件下,添加石灰有利于降香黄檀人工幼林的生长,造林早期每植穴添加10 kg石灰较为适宜。

配比施肥对交趾黄檀幼苗生长特性的影响

为了揭示氮磷钾(NPK)配比施肥对交趾黄檀Dalbergia cochinchinensis生长和根系发育的影响,筛选NPK施肥的最佳配方,以交趾黄檀一年生实生苗为试验材料,采用“3414”试验设计开展3因子4水平配方施肥盆栽试验,比较不同处理下交趾黄檀幼苗生长及根系形态的变化。结果表明:不同配比氮、磷和钾肥对苗高和茎、叶、总生物量的影响差异性极显著或显著,但对主根长、根表面积、一级侧根数量的影响无显著性差异;氮肥和磷肥对地径、根直径、叶面积、根生物量的影响差异性极显著或显著;磷对苗高、地径,茎和叶生物量、叶面积、主根长、根表面积、一级侧根数量的影响大于氮和钾;磷和氮对高径比、根直径的影响程度相当且均大于钾;氮对根生物量、总生物量的影响程度大于磷和钾。根据主成分分析和苗木质量指数综合评价结果可知,T6(N_(2)P_(2)K_(2))、T7(N_(2)P_(3)K_(2))、T10(N_(2)P_(2)K_(3))、T11(N_(3)P_(2)K_(2))均是较为适宜交趾黄檀幼苗生长的施肥组合。施肥能够促进交趾黄檀幼苗生长。交趾黄檀幼苗生长的最佳施肥配方为N_(3)P_(2)K_(2),施用量分别为300,80,70 mg·株^(-1),即氮的施用量处于较高水平,磷和钾的施用量处于中等水平时对交趾黄檀幼苗的生长及根系发育效果最好。

Urinary exosomal microRNA-145-5p and microRNA-27a-3p act as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease

BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease(DKD),characterized by increased urinary microalbumin levels and decreased renal function,is the primary cause of end-stage renal di-sease.Its pathological mechanisms are complicated and multifactorial;Therefore,sensitive and specific biomarkers are needed.Urinary exosome originate from diverse renal cells in nephron segments and partially mirror the pathological changes in the kidney.The microRNAs(miRNAs)in urinary exosome are remark-ably stable and highly tissue-specific for the kidney.METHODS Type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM)patients were recruited from the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and were divided into two groups:DM,diabetic pa-tients without albuminuria[urinary albumin to creatinine ratio(UACR)<30 mg/g]and DKD,diabetic patients with albuminuria(UACR≥30 mg/g).Healthy subjects were the normal control(NC)group.Urinary exosomal miR-145-5p,miR-27a-3p,and miR-29c-3p,were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The correlation between exosomal miRNAs and the clinical in-dexes was evaluated.The diagnostic values of exosomal miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p in DKD were determined using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis.Biological functions of miR-145-5p were investigated by performing RESULTS Urinary exosomal expression of miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p was more upregulated in the DKD group than in the DM group(miR-145-5p:4.54±1.45 vs 1.95±0.93,P<0.001;miR-27a-3p:2.33±0.79 vs 1.71±0.76,P<0.05)and the NC group(miR-145-5p:4.54±1.45 vs 1.55±0.83,P<0.001;miR-27a-3p:2.33±0.79 vs 1.10±0.51,P<0.001).The exosomal miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p positively correlated with albuminuria and serum creatinine and negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate.miR-27a-3p was also closely related to blood glucose,gly-cosylated hemoglobin A1c,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.ROC analysis revealed that miR-145-5p had a better area under the curve of 0.88[95%confidence interval(CI):0.784-0.985,P<0.0001]in diagnosing DKD than miR-27a-3p with 0.71(95%CI:0.547-0.871,P=0.0239).Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the target genes of miR-145-5p were located in the actin filament,cytoskeleton,and extracellular exosome and were involved in the pathological processes of DKD,including apoptosis,inflammation,and fibrosis.CONCLUSION Urinary exosomal miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p may serve as novel noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers or promising therapeutic targets for DKD.

Identification of novel mammalian viruses in tree shrews(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)

The Chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis),a member of the mammalian order Scandentia,exhibits considerable similarities with primates,including humans,in aspects of its nervous,immune,and metabolic systems.These similarities have established the tree shrew as a promising experimental model for biomedical research on cancer,infectious diseases,metabolic disorders,and mental health conditions.Herein,we used metatranscriptomic sequencing to analyze plasma,as well as oral and anal swab samples,from 105 healthy asymptomatic tree shrews to identify the presence of potential zoonotic viruses.In total,eight mammalian viruses with complete genomes were identified,belonging to six viral families,including Flaviviridae,Hepeviridae,Parvovirinae,Picornaviridae,Sedoreoviridae,and Spinareoviridae.Notably,the presence of rotavirus was recorded in tree shrews for the first time.Three viruses-hepacivirus 1,parvovirus,and picornavirus-exhibited low genetic similarity(<70%)with previously reported viruses at the whole-genome scale,indicating novelty.Conversely,three other viruses-hepacivirus 2,hepatovirus A and hepevirus-exhibited high similarity(>94%)to known viral strains.Phylogenetic analyses also revealed that the rotavirus and mammalian orthoreovirus identified in this study may be novel reassortants.These findings provide insights into the diverse viral spectrum present in captive Chinese tree shrews,highlighting the necessity for further research into their potential for crossspecies transmission.

柴胡皂苷D抑制肝星状细胞活化及PSME3表达的实验研究

目的观察柴胡皂苷D对人肝星状细胞LX-2活化及蛋白酶体激活子亚基3(PSME3)mRNA和蛋白表达的影响,探讨柴胡皂苷D治疗肝纤维化的可能作用机制。方法将生长期良好的LX-2细胞分为正常组、模型组和柴胡皂苷D组,空白组不加药物,模型组以10 ng/mL转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)处理,柴胡皂苷D组以1μmol/L柴胡皂苷D+10 ng/mL TGF-β1联合处理24 h,采用CCK8检测各组细胞活力,qPCR和Western blot检测纤维化指标α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、1型胶原蛋白(COL1A1)和PSME3 mRNA相对表达水平和蛋白表达量。结果与正常组比较,模型组细胞增殖活力显著增加(P<0.05),α-SMA、COL1A1和PSME3的mRNA表达水平和蛋白表达量均显著增加(P<0.05);与模型组比较,柴胡皂苷D组细胞增殖活力下降(P<0.05),α-SMA、COL1A1和PSME3 mRNA表达水平和蛋白表达量均显著下降(P<0.05)。结论柴胡皂苷D对LX-2细胞活化有抑制作用,其机制可能与抑制PSME3 mRNA表达水平和蛋白表达量有关。

Tailoring Light–Matter Interactions in Overcoupled Resonator for Biomolecule Recognition and Detection

Plasmonic nanoantennas provide unique opportunities for precise control of light–matter coupling in surface-enhanced infrared absorption(SEIRA)spectroscopy,but most of the resonant systems realized so far suffer from the obstacles of low sensitivity,narrow bandwidth,and asymmetric Fano resonance perturbations.Here,we demonstrated an overcoupled resonator with a high plasmon-molecule coupling coefficient(μ)(OC-Hμresonator)by precisely controlling the radiation loss channel,the resonator-oscillator coupling channel,and the frequency detuning channel.We observed a strong dependence of the sensing performance on the coupling state,and demonstrated that OC-Hμresonator has excellent sensing properties of ultra-sensitive(7.25%nm^(−1)),ultra-broadband(3–10μm),and immune asymmetric Fano lineshapes.These characteristics represent a breakthrough in SEIRA technology and lay the foundation for specific recognition of biomolecules,trace detection,and protein secondary structure analysis using a single array(array size is 100×100μm^(2)).In addition,with the assistance of machine learning,mixture classification,concentration prediction and spectral reconstruction were achieved with the highest accuracy of 100%.Finally,we demonstrated the potential of OC-Hμresonator for SARS-CoV-2 detection.These findings will promote the wider application of SEIRA technology,while providing new ideas for other enhanced spectroscopy technologies,quantum photonics and studying light–matter interactions.

聚合物表面活性剂在水泥基材料气泡调控中的应用现状

水泥基材料中的气泡调控一直以来都是学科难题,通过多因素提高水泥基材料中气泡的稳定性和可控性,对提高水泥基材料的流变性能和耐久性能具有十分重要的意义。在众多影响因素中,气泡调控型聚合物表面活性剂在水泥基材料气泡调控中起到十分关键的作用。文中首先对新拌混凝土中气泡的形成和破灭过程进行了简单介绍,综述了影响气泡稳定性的主要因素,如引气型外加剂、减水剂及纳米颗粒等对气泡稳定性的影响,同时介绍了近年来引气型外加剂的合成研究进展。最后,讨论了水泥基材料中气泡对混凝土性能的重要意义。

Enhancing Orthopedic Knowledge Assessments:The Performance of Specialized Generative Language Model Optimization

Objective This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of knowledge base-optimized and unoptimized large language models(LLMs)in the field of orthopedics to explore optimization strategies for the application of LLMs in specific fields.Methods This research constructed a specialized knowledge base using clinical guidelines from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons(AAOS)and authoritative orthopedic publications.A total of 30 orthopedic-related questions covering aspects such as anatomical knowledge,disease diagnosis,fracture classification,treatment options,and surgical techniques were input into both the knowledge base-optimized and unoptimized versions of the GPT-4,ChatGLM,and Spark LLM,with their generated responses recorded.The overall quality,accuracy,and comprehensiveness of these responses were evaluated by 3 experienced orthopedic surgeons.Results Compared with their unoptimized LLMs,the optimized version of GPT-4 showed improvements of 15.3%in overall quality,12.5%in accuracy,and 12.8%in comprehensiveness;ChatGLM showed improvements of 24.8%,16.1%,and 19.6%,respectively;and Spark LLM showed improvements of 6.5%,14.5%,and 24.7%,respectively.Conclusion The optimization of knowledge bases significantly enhances the quality,accuracy,and comprehensiveness of the responses provided by the 3 models in the orthopedic field.Therefore,knowledge base optimization is an effective method for improving the performance of LLMs in specific fields.

联合过滤式与嵌入式样本的标签库特征选择

嵌入式样本标签库中存在重复、异常无效特征,导致特征选择正确率较低。为此,提出了联合过滤式与嵌入式样本的标签库特征选择方法。通过计算总体分布概率密度,分析无效特征高斯隶属度。采用基于k近邻算法联合高斯隶属度的高斯正态分布过滤方式,过滤无效特征。设置最大相关最小冗余度特征选择准则,使得标签库特征之间保持最大相关性,过滤错误率持续最小化。定位标签位置,计算标签库两个特征之间水平距离,将空间位置坐标映射到二维平面上,使用粒子群优化算法,依据标签位置选择标签库特征,在粒子群全局最优解的基础上,更新标记位置,从而获得最优解,完成样本标签库特征选择。实验结果可知,该方法特征数据得到有效标记,未出现丢失,最高选择正确率为0.97,具有精准选择效果。

Progress in the Early Mobilization of Patients after Cardiac Intervention

Early activity has a positive effect on the rehabilitation process of patients after cardiac intervention. This paper summarizes the concept and significance of early activity after cardiac intervention, the best time and mode of different types of early activity after cardiac intervention, and the factors affecting early activity, aiming to provide a basis for clinical medical staff to provide safe and effective guidance of early activity after cardiac intervention.

面向新工科建设的催化化学课程思政教学设计

催化类课程是化学化工类工科专业重要的主干专业课之一,也是这些传统工科专业进行新工科更新改造过程中实现立德树人、全方位协同育人的重要渠道。本文基于课程目标,通过深入挖掘催化化学课程教学内容中蕴含的思政元素,密切与催化学科知识点、工业实践、科技发展前沿及社会热点相结合,详细构思和设计了催化化学课程思政教学案例,并借助多种形式渗透到具体教学过程中。旨在实现知识传授与价值观引领同频共振,在化学化工类专业学生培养过程中充分发挥催化类专业课程的德育载体作用,为培养理论联系实际、知行合一、学以致用的新工科人才提供强有力的支撑。

管状复合炭膜的制备及其气体渗透性能

以中空纤维陶瓷膜为载体,聚芳醚酮为聚合物前驱体,采用浸涂-相转化结合的方法制备复合炭膜,探讨了制膜工艺对复合炭膜结构及性能的影响.结果发现,铸膜液浓度和提拉速率对膜的完整性影响较大,在15%质量分数铸膜液和2 cm/min提拉速率的条件下,可制备出表面膜层完整均一且兼具较高气体渗透通量的复合炭膜;通过控制制备前驱体膜过程中蒸发温度和蒸发时间,复合炭膜分离层缺陷大幅减少,气体分离选择性得到了显著提升.以15%铸膜液和2 cm/min提拉速率,在60℃蒸发温度及10 s蒸发时间的制膜工艺条件下制备出的复合炭膜,其O_(2)/N_(2)、CO_(2)/N_(2)和CO_(2)/CH_(4)选择性分别为5.62、26.27、25.10,O_(2)、CO_(2)渗透通量分别可达252、1177 GPU.

Research on the Reform and Practice of “Basic Nursing Skills Practice” Course Assessment

Objective: “Basic Nursing Skills Practice” is a key course connecting classroom and clinical teaching in nursing specialty teaching. Nursing practice ability is one of the core abilities of nurse practitioners. Therefore, the teaching quality of this course is directly related to the quality of nursing work. To improve the teaching quality of practical course, the assessment reform of the “Basic Nursing Skills Practice” course was carried out among the nursing undergraduates to explore a reasonable and fair assessment mechanism. Method: In the assessment of “Basic Nursing Skills Practice” course, the assessment included individual skill operation assessment, virtual simulation assessment and team comprehensive skill assessment. The assessment proportion was adjusted from 100% for the final examination to 50% for the middle and final examinations respectively. The assessment method was changed from individual skills assessment at the end of the term to a combination of individual skills assessment at the midterm and virtual simulation assessment and team skills assessment at the end of the term. The method has changed from summative evaluation to a combination of formative evaluation and summative evaluation, and self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the effect. Results: After implementing the assessment reform, 86.84% of the students were satisfied with the assessment reform, and the percentage of students with scores above 80 reached 100%. The highest score is 93.0, while the lowest score is 83.0, and the average score was 88.0. Conclusions: High satisfaction of students with basic nursing skills examination reform promoted the learning effectiveness and professional emotions, cultivated comprehensive quality and ability, promoted the realization of talent training objectives.

Application of Case Combined with Seminar Teaching Method in Pediatric Nursing

Objective: To explore the application effect of case combined with seminar teaching method in Pediatric Nursing. Methods: Two classes in junior year were selected by convenience sampling in 2022, and the two classes were randomly divided into the intervention group and control group by tossing a coin. The intervention group utilized the case combined with seminar teaching method, while the control group used the traditional teaching-based method. The stage test average score, final exam results were compared after the end of the course. The autonomous learning ability evaluation scale and the Chinese critical thinking ability scale were used to attain students’ autonomous learning ability and critical thinking ability before and after the course. The self-made evaluation scale was used to know students’ evaluation of the new teaching method after the course. Results: 1) The stage test average scores of the intervention group and the control group were 79.13 ± 6.39 and 74.67 ± 5.25 respectively (P , the final exam scores were 79.83 ± 6.09 and 75.21 ± 4.91 respectively (P < 0.05);2) The total scores of autonomous learning ability were 118.67 ± 7.70 and 106.49 ± 7.67 respectively (P , and the total scores of critical thinking ability were 283.45 ± 7.82 and 251.37 ± 8.93 respectively (P < 0.05);3) More than 80% of the students in the intervention group believed that the case combined with seminar teaching method could deepen the understanding of knowledge, promote the habit of thinking and literature consulting, and improve the ability to analyze and solve problems, integrate knowledge and communicate and coordinate. Conclusions: Application of case combined with seminar teaching method in Pediatric Nursing improved the students’ autonomous learning ability and critical thinking ability, and strengthened the students’ understanding and application of knowledge. The students had a positive attitude towards the new teaching method.

基于关键点注意力的轻量级坐姿识别

提出了基于关键点注意力的轻量级坐姿识别算法。该算法从网络结构轻量化进行设计,融入了空洞卷积和残差注意力模块,并设计了关键点注意力模块,利用空间信息增强上下肢之间对应关键点的特征关联。本文结合关键点空间距离规则,提出了一种坐姿评价规则对不同坐姿进行评分。实验结果表明,本文算法mAP达到了73.2%,参数量缩小76%,能够对不同坐姿给予正确的评分。

Empagliflozin ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy probably via activating AMPK/PGC-1αand inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway

BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)increases the risk of hospitalization for heart failure(HF)and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus.However,no specific therapy to delay the progression of DCM has been identified.Mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,inflammation,and calcium handling imbalance play a crucial role in the pathological processes of DCM,ultimately leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunctions.Empagliflozin,a novel glucoselowering agent,has been confirmed to reduce the risk of hospitalization for HF in diabetic patients.Nevertheless,the molecular mechanisms by which this agent provides cardioprotection remain unclear.AIM To investigate the effects of empagliflozin on high glucose(HG)-induced oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the underlying molecular mechanism.METHODS Twelve-week-old db/db mice and primary cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats stimulated with HG(30 mmol/L)were separately employed as in vivo and in vitro models.Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function.Flow cytometry and TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining were used to assess apoptosis in myocardial cells.Mitochondrial function was assessed by cellular ATP levels and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential.Furthermore,intracellular reactive oxygen species production and superoxide dismutase activity were analyzed.Real-time quantitative PCR was used to analyze Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA expression.Western blot analysis was used to measure the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and myosin phosphatase target subunit 1(MYPT1),as well as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator-1α(PGC-1α)and active caspase-3 protein levels.RESULTSIn the in vivo experiment, db/db mice developed DCM. However, the treatment of db/db mice with empagliflozin(10 mg/kg/d) for 8 wk substantially enhanced cardiac function and significantly reduced myocardial apoptosis,accompanied by an increase in the phosphorylation of AMPK and PGC-1α protein levels, as well as a decrease inthe phosphorylation of MYPT1 in the heart. In the in vitro experiment, the findings indicate that treatment ofcardiomyocytes with empagliflozin (10 μM) or fasudil (FA) (a ROCK inhibitor, 100 μM) or overexpression of PGC-1α significantly attenuated HG-induced mitochondrial injury, oxidative stress, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.However, the above effects were partly reversed by the addition of compound C (CC). In cells exposed to HG,empagliflozin treatment increased the protein levels of p-AMPK and PGC-1α protein while decreasing phosphorylatedMYPT1 levels, and these changes were mitigated by the addition of CC. Adding FA and overexpressingPGC-1α in cells exposed to HG substantially increased PGC-1α protein levels. In addition, no sodium-glucosecotransporter (SGLT)2 protein expression was detected in cardiomyocytes.CONCLUSION Empagliflozin partially achieves anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic effects on cardiomyocytes under HGconditions by activating AMPK/PGC-1α and suppressing of the RhoA/ROCK pathway independent of SGLT2.

Atorvastatin ameliorated myocardial fibrosis in db/db mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and modulating macrophage polarization

BACKGROUND People with diabetes mellitus(DM)suffer from multiple chronic complications due to sustained hyperglycemia,especially diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM).Oxidative stress and inflammatory cells play crucial roles in the occurrence and progression of myocardial remodeling.Macrophages polarize to two distinct phenotypes:M1 and M2,and such plasticity in phenotypes provide macrophages various biological functions.AIM To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on cardiac function of DCM in db/db mice and its underlying mechanisms.METHODS DCM mouse models were established and randomly divided into DM,atorvastatin,and metformin groups.C57BL/6 mice were used as the control.Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography.Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining was used to examine the morphology and collagen fibers in myocardial tissues.The expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),M1 macrophages(iNOS^(+)),and M2 macrophages(CD206^(+))were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining.The levels of TGF-β1,IL-1β,and TNF-αwere detected by ELISA and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Malondialdehyde(MDA)concentrations and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities were also measured.RESULTS Treatment with atorvastatin alleviated cardiac dysfunction and decreased db/db mice. The broken myocardialfibers and deposition of collagen in the myocardial interstitium were relieved especially by atorvastatin treatment.Atorvastatin also reduced the levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, and troponin;lowered the levels of TGF-β1, TNF-α and IL-1β in serum and myocardium;decreased the concentration of MDAand increased SOD activity in myocardium of db/db mice;inhibited M1 macrophages;and promoted M2macrophages.CONCLUSION Administration of atorvastatin attenuates myocardial fibrosis in db/db mice, which may be associated with theantioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects of atorvastatin on diabetic myocardium through modulatingmacrophage polarization.