Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging following major ozonated autohemotherapy for treatment of acute cerebral infarction

Major ozonated autohemotherapy has been shown to promote recovery of upper limb motor function in patients with acute cerebral infarction, but whether naajor ozonated autohelnotherapy affects remote in）ury remains poorly understood. Here, we assumed that major ozonated autohemotherapy contributes to recovery of clinical function, possibly by reducing remote injury after acute cerebral infarction. Sixty acute cerebral infarction patients aged 30-80 years were equally and randomly allocated to ozone treatment and control groups. Patients in the ozone treatment group received medical treatment and major ozonated autohemotherapy （47 mg/L, 100 mL ozone） for 10 ± 2 days. Patients in the control group received medical treatment only. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, modified Rankin scale score, and reduced degree of fractional anisotropy values of brain magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging were remarkably decreased, brain function improved, clinical efficiency significantly increased, and no obvious adverse reactions detected in the ozone treatment group compared with the control group. These findings suggest that major ozonated autohemotherapy promotes recovery of neurological function in acute cerebral infarction patients by reducing re,note injury, and additionally, exhibits high safety.

Optimization of operation conditions for extracting lithium ions from calcium chloride-type oil field brine

AI（OH）3 was prepared to extract lithium ions from calcium chloride-type oil field brine. The influences of four factors, namely temperature, Al3＋/Li＋ molar ratio, OH-/Al3＋ molar ratio, and contact time between AI（OH）3 and the brine, on the yield of lithium ions were investigated. It is found that their optimal values are 35℃, 4.5, 2.6, and 6 h, respectively. In the course of the experiment, the apparent pH value was observed. The results reveal that the apparent pH value has no remarkable influence on the yield of lithium ions. Meanwhile, the effects of the concentrations of calcium ions and magnesium ions in the brine on lithium recovery were studied. The results indicate that cal- cium ions have minor negative influence on the yield of lithium ions under optimal conditions, and magnesium ions slightly influence the yield of lithium ions.

The sensitivity of neurons with non-periodic activity to sympathetic stimulation in rat injured dorsal root ganglion

Objective The relationship between compressed dorsal root ganglion （DRG） neurons and firing pattern and sensitivity of neurons was studied in chronically the Hindmarsh-Rose （HR） neuronal model. Methods Spontane- ous activities from single fibers of chronically compressed DRG neurons in rats were recorded, and divided into periodic and non-periodic firing patterns. The sensitivity of the two kinds of firing pattern neuron to sympathetic stimulation （SS） was compared. Result It was found that 27.3% of periodic firing neurons and 93.2% of non-periodic firing neurons responded to SS respectively （ periodic vs non-periodic, P 〈 0.01 ）. The responses to SS with different stimulation time were greater non-periodic firing neurons than periodic firing neurons （P 〈 0.01 ）. The non-periodic firing neurons obviously responded to SS. After the firing pattern of these neurons transformed to periodic firing pattern, their responses to SS disappeared or decreased obviously. The HR neuronal model exhibited a significantly greater response to perturbation in non-periodic （chaotic） firing pattern than in periodic firing pattern. Conelusion The non-periodic firing neurons with deterministic chaos are more sensitive to external stimuli than the periodic firing neurons.

In vivo Inhibition of NAS Preparation on H9N2 Subtype AIV

NAS preparation, a kind of Chinese herbal medicine found by the Yunnan Eco-agricultural Research Institute, has potential antiviral activity. In this paper, the inhibiting effect of NAS preparation on H9N2 subtype Avian influenza virus (AIV) was investigated in vivo. Chickens infected with H9N2 virus were treated with NAS preparation for 4 days. The virus was then detected by hemoagglutination (HA) test and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that no H9N2 virus could be detected at the 7th day when the chickens were treated with 0.2g/kg/d or 0.1g/kg/d of NAS preparation. However the virus could be detected in other chickens without NAS preparation treatment. This result suggested that NAS preparation may be a potential drug candidate to control infection of H9N2 subtype AIV in chickens.

侧链含偶氮吡啶的N-异丙基丙烯酰胺共聚物的制备及其多重响应性

经重氮偶合等步骤制备了新型偶氮吡啶单体—甲基丙烯酸-4-(4-吡啶基偶氮)苯酯(PAZO).PAZO、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)和聚乙二醇甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯(EGMA)无规共聚得到多重响应三元共聚物P(NIPAM-co-PAZO-co-EGMA).采用凝胶渗透色谱和核磁共振氢谱对聚合物结构进行表征,经紫外光谱对聚合物进行研究,发现聚合物有良好的光致顺反异构.偶氮吡啶在酸性条件下,紫外光照反式吸收峰稳定存在,吸收峰衰弱被抑制;碱性条件下,紫外光照反式吸收峰衰弱明显,顺式吸收峰得到增强并且稳定存在.聚合物最低相转变温度(LCST)为49°C,经紫外光照LCST下降2°C,变为47°C,这是由于紫外光照改变了偶氮吡啶的顺反异构使得聚合物的尺寸增大,导致PNIPAM链段对温度更灵敏更易聚集,LCST下降.聚合物溶液通入CO_2后,LCST变为62°C,升高了13°C.向溶液中通入氩气排除CO_2,溶液的LCST再次变为49°C.交替通入CO_2和氩气,溶液LCST具有可逆性.表明该聚合物具有温度、光、pH以及气体响应性.

Network Pharmacology Evaluation Method Guidance-Draft

Foreword Note:Some of the document contents may involve certain patents,the identification of which is not the responsibility of the institution that releases the document.Main drafting organizations:Tsinghua University,Specialty Committee of Network Pharmacology of World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies(WFCMS).

Sliding Mode Control for Flexible-link Manipulators Based on Adaptive Neural Networks

This paper mainly focuses on designing a sliding mode boundary controller for a single flexible-link manipulator based on adaptive radial basis function （RBF） neural network. The flexible manipulator in this paper is considered to be an Euler-Bernoulli beam. We first obtain a partial differential equation （PDE） model of single-link flexible manipulator by using Hamiltons approach. To improve the control robustness, the system uncertainties including modeling uncertainties and external disturbances are compensated by an adaptive neural approximator. Then, a sliding mode control method is designed to drive the joint to a desired position and rapidly suppress vibration on the beam. The stability of the closed-loop system is validated by using Lyapunov＇s method based on infinite dimensional model, avoiding problems such as control spillovers caused by traditional finite dimensional truncated models. This novel controller only requires measuring the boundary information, which facilitates implementation in engineering practice. Favorable performance of the closed-loop system is demonstrated by numerical simulations.

Quality Evaluation of Astragali Radix based on DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity and Chemical Analysis

Objective To assess the quality of Astragali Radix from different areas based on the biological evaluation and chemical analysis. Methods The bioassay method of 1,1- diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl （DPPH） radical scavenging activity for Astragali Radix was established. The parameters of DPPH assay including sample extraction time, reaction time, repeatability, and stability were detected. Furthermore, a method of HPLC-MS was developed to simultaneously determine calycosin-7-O-glucoside, ononin, formononetin, and astragaloside IV in Astragali Radix samples. And the total flavonoids and total saponins were detected by spectrophotometry. The relationship between DPPH evaluation and chemical analysis was studied by Pearson correlation analysis. Results Twelve batches of Astragali Radix from different origins showed a wide range of DPPH radical scavenging activities （ICso = 1.395-9.894 tJg/mL）. Based on DPPH assay, Sample ]0 derived from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region （ICso = 1.395 iJg/mL） showed the best quality of all samples. Chemical analysis showed that different compounds selected as indices would cause different results for quality evaluation. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the contents of total flavonoids （P = 0.032）, calycosin-7-giucoside （P = 0.035）, and astragaloside IV （P = 0.010） were positively correlated with DPPH radical scavenging activity. Conclusion Except for chemical analysis, DPPH radical scavenging activity can be used as a good alternative to assess and control the quality of Astragal/Radix.

Rapid Determination of Total Content of Five Major Anthraquinones in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma by NIR Spectroscopy

Objective To establish a new method with near-infrared（NIR） spectroscopy to determine the total content of emodin, chrysophanol, rhein, aloeemodin, and physcion. NIR was used in this study to provide rapid and nondestructive analysis results. Methods In the first place, HPLC was used to measure the total content of emodin, chrysophanol, rhein, aloe-emodin and physcion in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma（RR） as a reference. In the second place, the spectral regions, regression methods, pretreatment methods, and partial least squares（PLS） factors were compared to increase the feasibility of the model. In the last, the root mean square error of calibration（RMSEC）, root mean square error of cross validation（RMSECV）, root mean square error of prediction（RMSEP）, and correlation coefficient（r） were used as assessment parameters. Results PLS with first derivative pretreatment in the ranges of 4242-5581 cm^（-1）, 5885-6233 cm^（-1） and 6394-7011 cm^（-1） provided the best results. The RMSEC and RMSEP obtained were 0.134 and 0.226 respectively. The according determination coefficients of the quantitative model were 0.99 and 0.94. Conclusion NIR spectroscopy as a quick and nondestructive analytical method may be used to determine the total content of emodin, chrysophanol, rhein, aloeemodin, and physcion for the quality control of RR.

ANTI-BIOFOULING BY DEGRADATION OF POLYMERS

Copolymers of methyl methacrylate （MMA） and acrylate terminated poly（ethylene oxide-co-ethylene carbonate） （PEOC） macromonomer （PEOCA） were synthesized, and the degradation of the polymers was investigated by use of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation （QCM-D）. It is shown that the polymeric surface exhibits degradation in seawater depending on the content of the side chains. Field tests in seawater show that the surface constructed by the copolymer can effectively inhibit marine biofouling because it can be self-renewed due to degradation of the copolymer.

膦腈碱催化一步合成聚氧化苯乙烯大分子单体及其接枝共聚

以4-乙烯基苄醇(VBA)为引发剂,膦腈碱t-BuP4为催化剂,室温下催化氧化苯乙烯(SO)进行开环聚合一步合成聚氧化苯乙烯(PSO)大分子单体. PSO大分子单体与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)在不同温度下进行自由基共聚合成接枝共聚物.用核磁(~1H-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)等对引发剂和聚合物结构及性能进行表征分析.结果表明成功合成了功能引发剂VBA. t-BuP_4能顺利催化SO聚合一步合成结构可控的PSO大分子单体,大分子单体PSO与MMA可以顺利共聚合成接枝共聚物.GPC和~1H-NMR分析表明:合成的大分子单体中约有4.0%的惰性组分. DSC测得共聚物只有1个玻璃化转变温度,而且与理论计算值相吻合.

Hybrid Copolymerization via the Combination of Proton Transfer and Ring-opening Polymerization

Phosphazene base,t-BuP2,was employed to catalyze the proton transfer polymerization(PTP)of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate(HEA),and PTP was further combined with ring-opening polymerization(ROP)to exploit a new type of hybrid copolymerization.The studies on homopolymerization showed that t-BuP2 was a particularly efficient catalyst for the polymerization of HEA at room temperature,giving an excellent monomer conversion.Throughout the polymerization,transesterification reactions were unavoidable,which increased the randomness in the structures of the resulting polymers.The studies on copolymerization showed that t-BuP2 could simultaneously catalyze the hybrid copolymerization via the combination of PTP and ROP at 25°C.During copolymerization,HEA not only provided hydroxyl groups to initiate the ROP ofε-caprolactone(CL)but also participated in the polymerization as a monomer for PTP.The copolymer composition was approximately equal to the feed ratio,demonstrating the possibility to adjust the polymeric structure by simply changing the monomer feed ratio.This copolymerization reaction provides a simple method for synthesizing degradable functional copolymers from commercially available materials.Hence,it is important not only in polymer chemistry but also in environmental and biomedical engineering.

A family of novel bifunctional organocatalysts:Highly enantioselective alcoholysis of meso cyclic anhydrides and its application for synthesis of the key intermediate of P2X_7 receptor antagonists

A family of novel squaramides/sulfamides based on 1,2-alkamine was developed as chiral bifunctional catalysts to promote the asymmetric alcoholysis of meso cyclic anhydrides. The hemiesters were obtained in high yield with up to 93% ee. The usefulness of this methodology was demonstrated in the asymmetric synthesis of the key intermediate of P2X7 receptor antagonists.

Polymerization Mechanism of Methyl Methacrylate Initiated by Ethyl Acetate/t-BuP_4

The anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate(MMA) was carried out using phosphazene base t-BuP_4 and ethyl acetate(EA) as the catalyst and the initiator, respectively. Gas chromatography(GC), size exclusion chromatography(SEC) measurements, and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) analyses were used to reveal the polymerization mechanism and to confirm the polymer structure. The results confirmed the proposed polymerization mechanism and the polymer structure, while the initiator efficiency was low. Meanwhile,the initiation by methoxy anion coming from hydrolysis of the ester bond in MMA was also observed. As a result, there is a marked deviation between the theoretical molecular weight and the measured molecular weight, and it is essential to carry out the polymerization at excessive dosage of t-BuP_4 for preparing polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution.