Risk factors of concurrent urinary sepsis in patients with diabetes mellitus comorbid with upper urinary tract calculi

BACKGROUND Urinary sepsis is frequently seen in patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)complicated with upper urinary tract calculi(UUTCs).Currently,the known risk factors of urinary sepsis are not uniform.AIM To analyze the risk factors of concurrent urinary sepsis in patients with DM complicated with UUTCs by logistic regression.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 384 patients with DM complicated with UUTCs treated in People’s Hospital of Jincheng between February 2018 and May 2022.The patients were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,and 204 patients were enrolled.The patients were assigned to an occurrence group(n=78)and a nonoccurrence group(n=126).Logistic regression was adopted to analyze the risk factors for urinary sepsis,and a risk prediction model was established.RESULTS Gender,age,history of lumbago and abdominal pain,operation time,urine leukocytes(U-LEU)and urine glucose(U-GLU)were independent risk factors for patients with concurrent urinary sepsis(P<0.05).Risk score=0.794×gender+0.941×age+0.901×history of lumbago and abdominal pain-1.071×operation time+1.972×U-LEU+1.541×U-GLU.The occurrence group had notably higher risk scores than the nonoccurrence group(P<0.0001).The area under the curve of risk score for forecasting concurrent urinary sepsis in patients was 0.801,with specificity of 73.07%,sensitivity of 79.36%and Youden index of 52.44%.CONCLUSION Sex,age,history of lumbar and abdominal pain,operation time,ULEU and UGLU are independent risk factors for urogenic sepsis in diabetic patients with UUTC.

Switchable directional scattering based on spoof core-shell plasmonic structures

Manipulating directional electromagnetic scattering plays a crucial role in the realization of exotic optical phenomenon.Here,we show that the spoof plasmonic structure is able to achieve the switching of directional scattering direction on a subwavelength scale by inserting a perfect electric conductor(PEC)cylinder into the hollow of the spoof plasmonic structure.Based on the modal analysis,it is found that the electromagnetic response of the core-shell structure not only is well excited,but also exhibits the directional scattering by interference between the electric and magnetic dipolar resonances.We also discuss the influence of PEC cylinder radius on the performance of the directional scattering.Finally,the active tunable directional scattering is realized by switching between the two states.This work provides a feasible pathway to the subwavelength manipulation of electromagnetic wave.Moreover,it offers a simple method to switch the directional scattering direction.The proposed design approach can be easily applied to digital electromagnetic wave communication and associated applications.

π-Conjugated cyanostilbene-based optoelectric functional materials

π-Conjugated organic luminescent materials are essential components for modern optical and photoelectric research.This review mainly probes into the recent work in the progress of smart π-conjugated organic systems in the form of cyanostilbene and its derivatives,which can regulate its excellent features in response to a variety of physical or chemical stimuli（e.g.viscosity,light,magnetism,electric field,polarity,pH and solvent environment）.As a result of its extensive applicability and adaptability,cyanostilbene and its derivatives have been planted into different structural architectures such as polymers,functional nanoparticles,solid membranes,supramolecular systems and so on.This review will first give a general description of the preparation and characterization of cyanostilbenebased optoelectric luminophores and then focus on their peculiar functional properties in the need for advanced material applications,such as AIEE（aggregation-induced enhanced emission effect）,solidstate emission,photovoltaics,photolithography and photochromism to be further processed afterwards.The purpose of this review is to give a platform of practical organic materials,mostly cyanostilbene and its derivatives,based on stable aromatic derivatives,to contribute to the booming of modern π-conjugated photoelectric materials that integrate with contemporary physics,material chemistry,bioengineering,medical science and aerospace altogether.

Quality Evaluation of Astragali Radix based on DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity and Chemical Analysis

Objective To assess the quality of Astragali Radix from different areas based on the biological evaluation and chemical analysis. Methods The bioassay method of 1,1- diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl （DPPH） radical scavenging activity for Astragali Radix was established. The parameters of DPPH assay including sample extraction time, reaction time, repeatability, and stability were detected. Furthermore, a method of HPLC-MS was developed to simultaneously determine calycosin-7-O-glucoside, ononin, formononetin, and astragaloside IV in Astragali Radix samples. And the total flavonoids and total saponins were detected by spectrophotometry. The relationship between DPPH evaluation and chemical analysis was studied by Pearson correlation analysis. Results Twelve batches of Astragali Radix from different origins showed a wide range of DPPH radical scavenging activities （ICso = 1.395-9.894 tJg/mL）. Based on DPPH assay, Sample ]0 derived from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region （ICso = 1.395 iJg/mL） showed the best quality of all samples. Chemical analysis showed that different compounds selected as indices would cause different results for quality evaluation. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the contents of total flavonoids （P = 0.032）, calycosin-7-giucoside （P = 0.035）, and astragaloside IV （P = 0.010） were positively correlated with DPPH radical scavenging activity. Conclusion Except for chemical analysis, DPPH radical scavenging activity can be used as a good alternative to assess and control the quality of Astragal/Radix.

Rapid Determination of Total Content of Five Major Anthraquinones in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma by NIR Spectroscopy

Objective To establish a new method with near-infrared（NIR） spectroscopy to determine the total content of emodin, chrysophanol, rhein, aloeemodin, and physcion. NIR was used in this study to provide rapid and nondestructive analysis results. Methods In the first place, HPLC was used to measure the total content of emodin, chrysophanol, rhein, aloe-emodin and physcion in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma（RR） as a reference. In the second place, the spectral regions, regression methods, pretreatment methods, and partial least squares（PLS） factors were compared to increase the feasibility of the model. In the last, the root mean square error of calibration（RMSEC）, root mean square error of cross validation（RMSECV）, root mean square error of prediction（RMSEP）, and correlation coefficient（r） were used as assessment parameters. Results PLS with first derivative pretreatment in the ranges of 4242-5581 cm^（-1）, 5885-6233 cm^（-1） and 6394-7011 cm^（-1） provided the best results. The RMSEC and RMSEP obtained were 0.134 and 0.226 respectively. The according determination coefficients of the quantitative model were 0.99 and 0.94. Conclusion NIR spectroscopy as a quick and nondestructive analytical method may be used to determine the total content of emodin, chrysophanol, rhein, aloeemodin, and physcion for the quality control of RR.

Comparison of Acoustic Emission Characteristics for C/SiC Composite Component Under Combination of Heating and Mechanical Loading

The acoustic emission（AE） characteristics of C/SiC composite component under various conditions were compared, with the purpose of identifying the possible damage and failure mechanism. During the process of the single mechanical loading, the highest amplitude of the AE signal was less than 85 dB and the main damage forms of matrix cracking and interface debonding were involved. For the heating process, high-energy AE signals with an amplitude more than 85 dB were detected and fiber fracture mechanism was determined as well due to the thermal stress caused by the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficient between the reinforced fiber and matrix. During the combination process of the heating and mechanical loading, it was concluded that the degree of damage was much severer than the simple superposition of damage produced by the individual mechanical loading and the individual heating process.

Chromogenic and fluorescent ‘‘turn-on'' chemodosimeter for fluoride based on F~–-sensitive self-immolative linker

A new chromogenic and fluorescent ＂turn-on＂ chemodosimeter 3 was designed and synthesized by using a fluoride-sensitive self-immolative linker, in combination with the fluorescent dyes 7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin. The chemodosimeter exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity toward fluoride anions through ＂turn-on＂ chromogenic and fluorogenic dual modes.