Direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production has been regarded as a viable route to utilize surplus renewable energy and address the climate crisis.However,the harsh electrochemical environment of seawater,par...Direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production has been regarded as a viable route to utilize surplus renewable energy and address the climate crisis.However,the harsh electrochemical environment of seawater,particularly the presence of aggressive Cl^(-),has been proven to be prone to parasitic chloride ion oxidation and corrosion reactions,thus restricting seawater electrolyzer lifetime.Herein,hierarchical structure(Ni,Fe)O(OH)@NiCoS nanorod arrays(NAs)catalysts with heterointerfaces and localized oxygen vacancies were synthesized at nickel foam substrates via the combination of hydrothermal and annealing methods to boost seawater dissociation.The hiera rchical nanostructure of NiCoS NAs enhanced electrode charge transfer rate and active surface area to accelerate oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and generated sulfate gradient layers to repulsive aggressive Cl^(-).The fabricated heterostructure and vacancies of(Ni,Fe)O(OH)tuned catalyst electronic structure into an electrophilic state to enhance the binding affinity of hydroxyl intermediates and facilitate the structural transformation into amorphousγ-NiFeOOH for promoting OER.Furthermore,through operando electrochemistry techniques,we found that theγ-NiFeOOH possessing an unsaturated coordination environment and lattice-oxygen-participated OER mechanism can minimize electrode Cl^(-)corrosion enabled by stabilizing the adsorption of OH*intermediates,making it one of the best OER catalysts in the seawater medium reported to date.Consequently,these catalysts can deliver current densities of 100 and 500 mA cm-2for boosting OER at minimal overpotentials of 245and 316 mV,respectively,and thus prevent chloride ion oxidation simultaneously.Impressively,a highly stable anion exchange membrane(AEM)seawater electrolyzer based on the non-noble metal heterostructure electrodes reached a record low degradation rate under 100μV h-1at constant industrial current densities of 400 and 600 mA cm-2over 300 h,which exhibits a promising future for the nonprecious and stable AEMWE in the direct seawater electrolysis industry.展开更多
As an energy storage medium,hydrogen has drawn the attention of research institutions and industry over the past decade,motivated in part by developments in renewable energy,which have led to unused surplus wind and p...As an energy storage medium,hydrogen has drawn the attention of research institutions and industry over the past decade,motivated in part by developments in renewable energy,which have led to unused surplus wind and photovoltaic power.Hydrogen production from water electrolysis is a good option to make full use of the surplus renewable energy.Among various technologies for producing hydrogen,water electrolysis using electricity from renewable power sources shows greatpromise.To investigate the prospects of water electrolysis for hydrogen production,this review compares different water electrolysis processes,i.e.,alkaline water electrolysis,proton exchange membrane water electrolysis,solid oxide water electrolysis,and alkaline anion exchange membrane water electrolysis.The ion transfer mechanisms,operating characteristics,energy consumption,and industrial products of different water electrolysis apparatus are introduced in this review.Prospects for new water electrolysis technologies are discussed.展开更多
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) as a power supply device has attracted wide attention in China and abroad for its advantages of high energy density, energy conversion efficiency and zero pollution.With the v...Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) as a power supply device has attracted wide attention in China and abroad for its advantages of high energy density, energy conversion efficiency and zero pollution.With the vigorous support of China's national policy, research institutes and enterprises have carried out extensive and pragmatic work on the basic materials, key components, stacks, auxiliary systems of PEMFCs, as well as the hydrogen station construction in order to realize the wide application of hydrogen energy.PEMFC System and Engineering Research Center of DICP is one of the earliest players in the H2-PEMFCs field.Advances have been achieved in the fields of low-platinum contained catalysts,PEMs, high-efficiency MEAs, low-cost metal bipolar plates, low-temperature and impurity air environment adaptability, stacks and systems.This paper introduces recent progresses of H2-PEMFCs at DICP in key materials, components, stacks, systems and the applications.The engineering status of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWE) and the alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFCs)are also summarized.展开更多
A cocrystal of diosgenin with piperazine in 2:1 stoichiometry was successfully synthesized.The solid form was prepared by liquid assisted grinding,slurry and crystallization methods.The cocrystal was characterized by ...A cocrystal of diosgenin with piperazine in 2:1 stoichiometry was successfully synthesized.The solid form was prepared by liquid assisted grinding,slurry and crystallization methods.The cocrystal was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction,differential scanning calorimetry,thermogravimetric analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and structure determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction,the hydrogen bonds formed into fish bone structure along the[010]direction and all the molecules packed into 3D layer structure along a axis.After formation of cocrystal,the solubility of diosgenin was improved,and the solubility value in 0.2%SDS solution was approximately 1.5 times as large as that of the parent material.展开更多
An effective oxygen evolution electrode with Ir0.6Sn0.4O2 was designed for proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolyzers.The anode catalyst layer exhibits a jagged structure with smaller particles and pores,which p...An effective oxygen evolution electrode with Ir0.6Sn0.4O2 was designed for proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolyzers.The anode catalyst layer exhibits a jagged structure with smaller particles and pores,which provide more active sites and mass transportation channels.The prepared IrSn electrode showed a cell voltage of 1.96 V at 2.0 A cm^-2 with Ir loading as low as 0.294 mg cm^-2.Furthermore,Ir Sn electrode with different anode catalyst loadings was investigated.The IrS n electrode indicates higher mass current and more stable cell voltage than the commercial Ir Black electrode at low loading.展开更多
Strawberry(Fragaria x ananassa)is an allopolyploid species with diverse and complex transcripts.The regulatory mechanisms of fruit development and maturation have been extensively studied;however,little is known about...Strawberry(Fragaria x ananassa)is an allopolyploid species with diverse and complex transcripts.The regulatory mechanisms of fruit development and maturation have been extensively studied;however,little is known about the signaling mechanisms that direct this process in octoploid strawberry(Fragaria x ananassa).Here,we used long-read sequencing(LRS)technology and RNA-seq analysis to investigate the diversity and complexity of the polyploid transcriptome and differentially expressed transcripts along four successive fruit developmental stages of cultivated strawberry.We obtained a reference transcriptome with 119,897 unique full-length isoforms,including 2017 new isoforms and 2510 long noncoding RNAs.Based on the genome of the plausible progenitor(Fragaria vesca),20,229 alternative splicing(AS)events were identified.Using this transcriptome,we found 17,485 differentially expressed transcripts during strawberry fruit development,including 527 transcription factors(TFs)belonging to 41 families.The expression profiles of all members of the auxin,ABA pathway,and anthocyanin biosynthesis gene families were also examined,and many of them were highly expressed at the ripe fruit stage,strongly indicating that the role of those genes is in the regulation of fruit ripening.We produce a high-quality reference transcriptome for octoploid strawberry,including much of the full-length transcript diversity,to help understand the regulatory mechanisms of fruit development and maturation of polyploid species,particularly via elucidation of the biochemical pathways involved in auxin,ABA,and anthocyanin biosynthesis.展开更多
Understanding the relationship between tree height （H） and diameter at breast height （D） is vital to forest design, monitoring and biomass estimation. We developed an allometric equation model and tested its appli...Understanding the relationship between tree height （H） and diameter at breast height （D） is vital to forest design, monitoring and biomass estimation. We developed an allometric equation model and tested its applicability for unevenly aged stands of moso bamboo forest at a regional scale. Field data were collected for 21 plots. Based on these data, we identified two strong power relationships： a corre- lation between the mean bamboo height （Hm） and the upper mean H （Hu）, and a correlation between the mean D （Din） and the upper mean D （Du）. Simulation results derived from the aUometric equation model were in good agreement with observed culms derived from the field data for the 21 stands, with a root-mean-square error and relative root-mean-square error of 1.40 m and 13.41%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the allometric equation model had a strong predictive power in the unevenly aged stands at a regional scale. In addition, the estimated average height-diameter （H-D） model for South Anhui Province was used to predict H for the same type of bamboo in Hunan Province based on the measured D, and the results were highly similar. The allometric equation model has multiple uses at the regional scale, including the evaluation of the variation in the H- D relationship among regions. The model describes the average H-D relationship without considering the effects caused by variation in site conditions, tree density and other factors.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Microglia are very sensitive to environmental changes, often becoming activated by pathological conditions. Activated microglia can exert a dual role in injury and repair in various diseases of the centra...BACKGROUND： Microglia are very sensitive to environmental changes, often becoming activated by pathological conditions. Activated microglia can exert a dual role in injury and repair in various diseases of the central nervous system, including cerebral ischemia, Parkinson＇s disease, and Alzheimer＇s disease. OBJECTIVE： An immortal microglial cell line, BV2, was treated with varying concentrations of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） to induce a pathological situation. Supernatant was harvested and incubated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and, concomitantly, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation was observed. DESIGN： A controlled observation, in vitro experiment. SETTING： Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. MATERIALS： Five male 2-3-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were purchased from Animal Laboratory Center of China Medical University and included in this study. The protocol was performed in accordance with ethical guidelines for the use and care of animals. The microglial cell line BV2 was produced by Cell Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences. LPS was produced by Sigma Company, USA. METHODS： This study was performed in the Central Laboratory of China Medical University from September 2006 to March 2007. Rat femoral and tibial bone marrow was collected for separation and primary culture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell cultures were divided into 5 groups： control group, non-activated group, as well as low-, medium-, and high-dose LPS groups. In the control group, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured with Dulbecco＇s modified Eagle＇s medium （DMEM） supplemented with fetal bovine serum （volume fraction 0. 1）. In the non-activated group, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were incubated with non-activated BV2 supernatant. In the low-, medium-, and high-dose LPS groups, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were incubated with LPS （0.01,0.1 and 1 μg/L, respectively）-activated BV2 supernatant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） and neuron-specific enolase （NSE） in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS： GFAP-positive cells were detected in each group; however, the greatest number were found in the high-dose LPS group. The number of GFAP-positive cells was significantly greater in the high- and medium-dose groups, compared to the control, non-activated, and low-dose LPS groups （P 〈 0.05）. However there was no significant difference between the medium- and high-dose LPS groups （P 〉 0.05）. NSE-positive cells were also detected in each group. However, there was no significant difference between any two groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Microglia, when activated to some ertent, could induce neuroglial cell differentiation from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; however, they did not exhibit the capacity to markedly promote neuronal cell differentiation. When microglia are activated, the capacity to induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation reaches a peak level, but is not increased with greater activation rates.展开更多
The virtual cocrystal screening approach based on molecular electrostatic potential surface(MEPS)maps is a fast and feasible computational method to estimate the probability of cocrystal formation by calculating the d...The virtual cocrystal screening approach based on molecular electrostatic potential surface(MEPS)maps is a fast and feasible computational method to estimate the probability of cocrystal formation by calculating the difference in the interaction site pairing energies of monomers and that of their assemblies prior to experimental screening.In this paper,we report 12 cocrystal forms of temozolomide with mono-,di-,and trihydroxy benzoic acids,namely,3-hydroxy-,2,4-dihydroxy-,2,5-dihydroxy-,2,6-dihydroxy-,3,4-dihydroxy-,and 3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzoic acids,as well as benzoic acid,as pharmaceutical coformers for the first time.10 single crystals out of the 12 cocrystal forms were obtained and unequivocally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,which clarified spatial arrangements,molecular conformations,and supramolecular synthons.MEPS further gains some insights into the sites of hydrogen bonding interactions for exploring combination patterns in these assemblies.Modulated stability of TMZ was successfully achieved by cocrystallization with these acids.展开更多
Iodine ion is one of the most indispensable anions in living organisms,particularly being an important substance for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.Curcumin is a yellow-orange polyphenol compound derived from the r...Iodine ion is one of the most indispensable anions in living organisms,particularly being an important substance for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.Curcumin is a yellow-orange polyphenol compound derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L.,which has been commonly used as a spice and natural coloring agent,food additives,cosmetics as well as Chinese medicine.However,excess curcumin may cause DNA inactivation,lead to a decrease in intracellular ATP levels,and trigger the tissue necrosis.Therefore,quantitative detection of iodine and curcumin is of great significance in the fields of food and life sciences.Herein,we develop nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots(NCDs)as a multi-mechanism detection for iodide and curcumin in actual complex biological and food samples,which was prepared by a one-step solid-phase synthesis using tartaric acid and urea as precursors without adding any other reagents.An assembled NCDs-Hg^(2+) fluorescence-enhanced sensor for the quantitative detection of I^(-) was established based on a fluorescence“turn-off-on”mechanism in a linear range of 0.3-15μM with a detection limit of 69.4 nM and successfully quantified trace amounts of I^(-) in water samples and urine sample.Meanwhile,the as-synthesized NCDs also can be used as a fluorescent quenched sensor for curcumin detection based on the synergistic internal filtration effect(IFE)and static quenching,achieving a good linear range of 0.1-20μM with a satisfactory detection limit of 29.8 nM.These results indicate that carbon dots are potential sensing materials for iodine and curcumin detection for the good of our health.展开更多
It’s urgently needed to assess the COVID-19 epidemic under the“dynamic zero-COVID policy”in China,which provides a scientific basis for evaluating the effectiveness of this strategy in COVID-19 control.Here,we deve...It’s urgently needed to assess the COVID-19 epidemic under the“dynamic zero-COVID policy”in China,which provides a scientific basis for evaluating the effectiveness of this strategy in COVID-19 control.Here,we developed a time-dependent susceptible-exposed-asymptomatic-infected-quarantined-remov ed(SEAIQR)model with stage-specific interventions based on recent Shanghai epidemic data,considering a large number of asymptomatic infectious,the changing parameters,and control procedures.The data collected from March 1st,2022 to April 15th,2022 were used to fit the model,and the data of subsequent 7 days and 14 days were used to evaluate the model performance of forecasting.We then calculated the effective regeneration number(Rt)and analyzed the sensitivity of different measures scenarios.Asymptomatic infectious accounts for the vast majority of the outbreaks in Shanghai,and Pudong is the district with the most positive cases.The peak of newly confirmed cases and newly asymptomatic infectious predicted by the SEAIQR model would appear on April 13th,2022,with 1963 and 28,502 cases,respectively,and zero community transmission may be achieved in early to mid-May.The prediction errors for newly confirmed cases were considered to be reasonable,and newly asymptomatic infectious were considered to be good between April 16th to 22nd and reasonable between April 16th to 29th.The final ranges of cumulative confirmed cases and cumulative asymptomatic infectious predicted in this round of the epidemic were 26,477~47,749 and 402,254~730,176,respectively.At the beginning of the outbreak,Rt was 6.69.Since the implementation of comprehensive control,Rt showed a gradual downward trend,dropping to below 1.0 on April 15th,2022.With the early implementation of control measures and the improvement of quarantine rate,recovery rate,and immunity threshold,the peak number of infections will continue to decrease,whereas the earlier the control is implemented,the earlier the turning point of the epidemic will arrive.The proposed time-dependent SEAIQR dynamic model fits and forecasts the epidemic well,which can provide a reference for decision making of the“dynamic zero-COVID policy”.展开更多
Fuel starvation can occur and cause damage to the cell when proton exchange membrane fuel cells operate under complex working conditions.In this case,carbon corrosion occurs.Oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts can...Fuel starvation can occur and cause damage to the cell when proton exchange membrane fuel cells operate under complex working conditions.In this case,carbon corrosion occurs.Oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts can alleviate carbon corrosion by introducing water electrolysis at a lower potential at the anode in fuel shortage.The mixture of hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)and unsupported OER catalyst not only reduces the electrolysis efficiency,but also influences the initial performance of the fuel cell.Herein,Ti_(4)O_(7) supported IrO_(x) is synthesized by utilizing the surfactant-assistant method and serves as reversal tolerant components in the anode.When the cell reverse time is less than 100 min,the cell voltage of the MEA added with IrO_(x)/Ti_(4)O_(7) has almost no attenuation.Besides,the MEA has a longer reversal time(530 min)than IrO_(x)(75 min),showing an excellent reversal tolerance.The results of electron microscopy spectroscopy show that IrO_(x) particles have a good dispersity on the surface of Ti_(4)O_(7) and IrO_(x)/Ti_(4)O_(7) particles are uniformly dispersed on the anode catalytic layer.After the stability test,the Ti_(4)O_(7) support has little decay,demonstrating a high electrochemical stability.IrO_(x)/Ti_(4)O_(7) with a high dispersity has a great potential to the application on the reversal tolerance anode of the fuel cell.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4002100)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22090032,22090030)。
文摘Direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production has been regarded as a viable route to utilize surplus renewable energy and address the climate crisis.However,the harsh electrochemical environment of seawater,particularly the presence of aggressive Cl^(-),has been proven to be prone to parasitic chloride ion oxidation and corrosion reactions,thus restricting seawater electrolyzer lifetime.Herein,hierarchical structure(Ni,Fe)O(OH)@NiCoS nanorod arrays(NAs)catalysts with heterointerfaces and localized oxygen vacancies were synthesized at nickel foam substrates via the combination of hydrothermal and annealing methods to boost seawater dissociation.The hiera rchical nanostructure of NiCoS NAs enhanced electrode charge transfer rate and active surface area to accelerate oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and generated sulfate gradient layers to repulsive aggressive Cl^(-).The fabricated heterostructure and vacancies of(Ni,Fe)O(OH)tuned catalyst electronic structure into an electrophilic state to enhance the binding affinity of hydroxyl intermediates and facilitate the structural transformation into amorphousγ-NiFeOOH for promoting OER.Furthermore,through operando electrochemistry techniques,we found that theγ-NiFeOOH possessing an unsaturated coordination environment and lattice-oxygen-participated OER mechanism can minimize electrode Cl^(-)corrosion enabled by stabilizing the adsorption of OH*intermediates,making it one of the best OER catalysts in the seawater medium reported to date.Consequently,these catalysts can deliver current densities of 100 and 500 mA cm-2for boosting OER at minimal overpotentials of 245and 316 mV,respectively,and thus prevent chloride ion oxidation simultaneously.Impressively,a highly stable anion exchange membrane(AEM)seawater electrolyzer based on the non-noble metal heterostructure electrodes reached a record low degradation rate under 100μV h-1at constant industrial current densities of 400 and 600 mA cm-2over 300 h,which exhibits a promising future for the nonprecious and stable AEMWE in the direct seawater electrolysis industry.
基金supported by the Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1664259)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91434106)+1 种基金 the State Grid Fund (SGTYHT/15-JS-193)the Beijing municipal science and technology commission project (Z171100002017024)~~
文摘As an energy storage medium,hydrogen has drawn the attention of research institutions and industry over the past decade,motivated in part by developments in renewable energy,which have led to unused surplus wind and photovoltaic power.Hydrogen production from water electrolysis is a good option to make full use of the surplus renewable energy.Among various technologies for producing hydrogen,water electrolysis using electricity from renewable power sources shows greatpromise.To investigate the prospects of water electrolysis for hydrogen production,this review compares different water electrolysis processes,i.e.,alkaline water electrolysis,proton exchange membrane water electrolysis,solid oxide water electrolysis,and alkaline anion exchange membrane water electrolysis.The ion transfer mechanisms,operating characteristics,energy consumption,and industrial products of different water electrolysis apparatus are introduced in this review.Prospects for new water electrolysis technologies are discussed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0101207)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB06050303)the Natural Science Foundation of China(U1664259)
文摘Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) as a power supply device has attracted wide attention in China and abroad for its advantages of high energy density, energy conversion efficiency and zero pollution.With the vigorous support of China's national policy, research institutes and enterprises have carried out extensive and pragmatic work on the basic materials, key components, stacks, auxiliary systems of PEMFCs, as well as the hydrogen station construction in order to realize the wide application of hydrogen energy.PEMFC System and Engineering Research Center of DICP is one of the earliest players in the H2-PEMFCs field.Advances have been achieved in the fields of low-platinum contained catalysts,PEMs, high-efficiency MEAs, low-cost metal bipolar plates, low-temperature and impurity air environment adaptability, stacks and systems.This paper introduces recent progresses of H2-PEMFCs at DICP in key materials, components, stacks, systems and the applications.The engineering status of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWE) and the alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFCs)are also summarized.
基金support by National Key research and development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC1000900)CAMS Innovation Found for Medical Sciences(Grant No.2017-I2M-1-010)+1 种基金Construction and application of technology integration system for efficient identification of natural/effective active small molecules(Grant No.2018ZX09711001-001)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.2018ZX09711001-010).
文摘A cocrystal of diosgenin with piperazine in 2:1 stoichiometry was successfully synthesized.The solid form was prepared by liquid assisted grinding,slurry and crystallization methods.The cocrystal was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction,differential scanning calorimetry,thermogravimetric analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and structure determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction,the hydrogen bonds formed into fish bone structure along the[010]direction and all the molecules packed into 3D layer structure along a axis.After formation of cocrystal,the solubility of diosgenin was improved,and the solubility value in 0.2%SDS solution was approximately 1.5 times as large as that of the parent material.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1664259)State Grid Corporation of China(No.SGTYHT/15-JS-191,PEMWE MEA Preparation and degradation mechanism)
文摘An effective oxygen evolution electrode with Ir0.6Sn0.4O2 was designed for proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolyzers.The anode catalyst layer exhibits a jagged structure with smaller particles and pores,which provide more active sites and mass transportation channels.The prepared IrSn electrode showed a cell voltage of 1.96 V at 2.0 A cm^-2 with Ir loading as low as 0.294 mg cm^-2.Furthermore,Ir Sn electrode with different anode catalyst loadings was investigated.The IrS n electrode indicates higher mass current and more stable cell voltage than the commercial Ir Black electrode at low loading.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000300)National Crop Germplasm Resources Protection of Ministry of Agriculture of China(NB2018-2130135-07)。
文摘Since the publication of this article,the authors have noticed that the part of acknowledgement is missing from article.Here is the acknowledgement.
文摘Strawberry(Fragaria x ananassa)is an allopolyploid species with diverse and complex transcripts.The regulatory mechanisms of fruit development and maturation have been extensively studied;however,little is known about the signaling mechanisms that direct this process in octoploid strawberry(Fragaria x ananassa).Here,we used long-read sequencing(LRS)technology and RNA-seq analysis to investigate the diversity and complexity of the polyploid transcriptome and differentially expressed transcripts along four successive fruit developmental stages of cultivated strawberry.We obtained a reference transcriptome with 119,897 unique full-length isoforms,including 2017 new isoforms and 2510 long noncoding RNAs.Based on the genome of the plausible progenitor(Fragaria vesca),20,229 alternative splicing(AS)events were identified.Using this transcriptome,we found 17,485 differentially expressed transcripts during strawberry fruit development,including 527 transcription factors(TFs)belonging to 41 families.The expression profiles of all members of the auxin,ABA pathway,and anthocyanin biosynthesis gene families were also examined,and many of them were highly expressed at the ripe fruit stage,strongly indicating that the role of those genes is in the regulation of fruit ripening.We produce a high-quality reference transcriptome for octoploid strawberry,including much of the full-length transcript diversity,to help understand the regulatory mechanisms of fruit development and maturation of polyploid species,particularly via elucidation of the biochemical pathways involved in auxin,ABA,and anthocyanin biosynthesis.
基金financially supported by the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan(1632014003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101148 and 31300177)
文摘Understanding the relationship between tree height （H） and diameter at breast height （D） is vital to forest design, monitoring and biomass estimation. We developed an allometric equation model and tested its applicability for unevenly aged stands of moso bamboo forest at a regional scale. Field data were collected for 21 plots. Based on these data, we identified two strong power relationships： a corre- lation between the mean bamboo height （Hm） and the upper mean H （Hu）, and a correlation between the mean D （Din） and the upper mean D （Du）. Simulation results derived from the aUometric equation model were in good agreement with observed culms derived from the field data for the 21 stands, with a root-mean-square error and relative root-mean-square error of 1.40 m and 13.41%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the allometric equation model had a strong predictive power in the unevenly aged stands at a regional scale. In addition, the estimated average height-diameter （H-D） model for South Anhui Province was used to predict H for the same type of bamboo in Hunan Province based on the measured D, and the results were highly similar. The allometric equation model has multiple uses at the regional scale, including the evaluation of the variation in the H- D relationship among regions. The model describes the average H-D relationship without considering the effects caused by variation in site conditions, tree density and other factors.
文摘BACKGROUND： Microglia are very sensitive to environmental changes, often becoming activated by pathological conditions. Activated microglia can exert a dual role in injury and repair in various diseases of the central nervous system, including cerebral ischemia, Parkinson＇s disease, and Alzheimer＇s disease. OBJECTIVE： An immortal microglial cell line, BV2, was treated with varying concentrations of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） to induce a pathological situation. Supernatant was harvested and incubated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and, concomitantly, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation was observed. DESIGN： A controlled observation, in vitro experiment. SETTING： Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. MATERIALS： Five male 2-3-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were purchased from Animal Laboratory Center of China Medical University and included in this study. The protocol was performed in accordance with ethical guidelines for the use and care of animals. The microglial cell line BV2 was produced by Cell Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences. LPS was produced by Sigma Company, USA. METHODS： This study was performed in the Central Laboratory of China Medical University from September 2006 to March 2007. Rat femoral and tibial bone marrow was collected for separation and primary culture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell cultures were divided into 5 groups： control group, non-activated group, as well as low-, medium-, and high-dose LPS groups. In the control group, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured with Dulbecco＇s modified Eagle＇s medium （DMEM） supplemented with fetal bovine serum （volume fraction 0. 1）. In the non-activated group, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were incubated with non-activated BV2 supernatant. In the low-, medium-, and high-dose LPS groups, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were incubated with LPS （0.01,0.1 and 1 μg/L, respectively）-activated BV2 supernatant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） and neuron-specific enolase （NSE） in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS： GFAP-positive cells were detected in each group; however, the greatest number were found in the high-dose LPS group. The number of GFAP-positive cells was significantly greater in the high- and medium-dose groups, compared to the control, non-activated, and low-dose LPS groups （P 〈 0.05）. However there was no significant difference between the medium- and high-dose LPS groups （P 〉 0.05）. NSE-positive cells were also detected in each group. However, there was no significant difference between any two groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Microglia, when activated to some ertent, could induce neuroglial cell differentiation from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; however, they did not exhibit the capacity to markedly promote neuronal cell differentiation. When microglia are activated, the capacity to induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation reaches a peak level, but is not increased with greater activation rates.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7222261)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Nos.2022-I2M-01-015 and 2022-I2M-JB-010)+1 种基金Key R&D Program of Shan Dong Province(No.2019JZZY020909)Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission Drug Standard Promoting Fund(No.2022Y01)。
文摘The virtual cocrystal screening approach based on molecular electrostatic potential surface(MEPS)maps is a fast and feasible computational method to estimate the probability of cocrystal formation by calculating the difference in the interaction site pairing energies of monomers and that of their assemblies prior to experimental screening.In this paper,we report 12 cocrystal forms of temozolomide with mono-,di-,and trihydroxy benzoic acids,namely,3-hydroxy-,2,4-dihydroxy-,2,5-dihydroxy-,2,6-dihydroxy-,3,4-dihydroxy-,and 3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzoic acids,as well as benzoic acid,as pharmaceutical coformers for the first time.10 single crystals out of the 12 cocrystal forms were obtained and unequivocally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,which clarified spatial arrangements,molecular conformations,and supramolecular synthons.MEPS further gains some insights into the sites of hydrogen bonding interactions for exploring combination patterns in these assemblies.Modulated stability of TMZ was successfully achieved by cocrystallization with these acids.
基金Financial supports from the XingLiao Talent Project Grants(No.XLYC1902076)the University of Science and Technology Liaoning Talent Project Grants(No.601010302)are highly appreciated.
文摘Iodine ion is one of the most indispensable anions in living organisms,particularly being an important substance for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.Curcumin is a yellow-orange polyphenol compound derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L.,which has been commonly used as a spice and natural coloring agent,food additives,cosmetics as well as Chinese medicine.However,excess curcumin may cause DNA inactivation,lead to a decrease in intracellular ATP levels,and trigger the tissue necrosis.Therefore,quantitative detection of iodine and curcumin is of great significance in the fields of food and life sciences.Herein,we develop nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots(NCDs)as a multi-mechanism detection for iodide and curcumin in actual complex biological and food samples,which was prepared by a one-step solid-phase synthesis using tartaric acid and urea as precursors without adding any other reagents.An assembled NCDs-Hg^(2+) fluorescence-enhanced sensor for the quantitative detection of I^(-) was established based on a fluorescence“turn-off-on”mechanism in a linear range of 0.3-15μM with a detection limit of 69.4 nM and successfully quantified trace amounts of I^(-) in water samples and urine sample.Meanwhile,the as-synthesized NCDs also can be used as a fluorescent quenched sensor for curcumin detection based on the synergistic internal filtration effect(IFE)and static quenching,achieving a good linear range of 0.1-20μM with a satisfactory detection limit of 29.8 nM.These results indicate that carbon dots are potential sensing materials for iodine and curcumin detection for the good of our health.
基金This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2301603).
文摘It’s urgently needed to assess the COVID-19 epidemic under the“dynamic zero-COVID policy”in China,which provides a scientific basis for evaluating the effectiveness of this strategy in COVID-19 control.Here,we developed a time-dependent susceptible-exposed-asymptomatic-infected-quarantined-remov ed(SEAIQR)model with stage-specific interventions based on recent Shanghai epidemic data,considering a large number of asymptomatic infectious,the changing parameters,and control procedures.The data collected from March 1st,2022 to April 15th,2022 were used to fit the model,and the data of subsequent 7 days and 14 days were used to evaluate the model performance of forecasting.We then calculated the effective regeneration number(Rt)and analyzed the sensitivity of different measures scenarios.Asymptomatic infectious accounts for the vast majority of the outbreaks in Shanghai,and Pudong is the district with the most positive cases.The peak of newly confirmed cases and newly asymptomatic infectious predicted by the SEAIQR model would appear on April 13th,2022,with 1963 and 28,502 cases,respectively,and zero community transmission may be achieved in early to mid-May.The prediction errors for newly confirmed cases were considered to be reasonable,and newly asymptomatic infectious were considered to be good between April 16th to 22nd and reasonable between April 16th to 29th.The final ranges of cumulative confirmed cases and cumulative asymptomatic infectious predicted in this round of the epidemic were 26,477~47,749 and 402,254~730,176,respectively.At the beginning of the outbreak,Rt was 6.69.Since the implementation of comprehensive control,Rt showed a gradual downward trend,dropping to below 1.0 on April 15th,2022.With the early implementation of control measures and the improvement of quarantine rate,recovery rate,and immunity threshold,the peak number of infections will continue to decrease,whereas the earlier the control is implemented,the earlier the turning point of the epidemic will arrive.The proposed time-dependent SEAIQR dynamic model fits and forecasts the epidemic well,which can provide a reference for decision making of the“dynamic zero-COVID policy”.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFB1504502)the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(SGLNDK00KJJS1900037).
文摘Fuel starvation can occur and cause damage to the cell when proton exchange membrane fuel cells operate under complex working conditions.In this case,carbon corrosion occurs.Oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts can alleviate carbon corrosion by introducing water electrolysis at a lower potential at the anode in fuel shortage.The mixture of hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)and unsupported OER catalyst not only reduces the electrolysis efficiency,but also influences the initial performance of the fuel cell.Herein,Ti_(4)O_(7) supported IrO_(x) is synthesized by utilizing the surfactant-assistant method and serves as reversal tolerant components in the anode.When the cell reverse time is less than 100 min,the cell voltage of the MEA added with IrO_(x)/Ti_(4)O_(7) has almost no attenuation.Besides,the MEA has a longer reversal time(530 min)than IrO_(x)(75 min),showing an excellent reversal tolerance.The results of electron microscopy spectroscopy show that IrO_(x) particles have a good dispersity on the surface of Ti_(4)O_(7) and IrO_(x)/Ti_(4)O_(7) particles are uniformly dispersed on the anode catalytic layer.After the stability test,the Ti_(4)O_(7) support has little decay,demonstrating a high electrochemical stability.IrO_(x)/Ti_(4)O_(7) with a high dispersity has a great potential to the application on the reversal tolerance anode of the fuel cell.
