Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the female repro-ductive system.The majority of patients with advanced ovarian cancer are mainly treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy.As the most widely used first-line anti-neoplastic drug,cisplatin produces therapeutic effects through multiple mechanisms.However,during clinical treat-ment,cisplatin resistance has gradually emerged,representing a challenge for patient outcome improvement.The mechanism of cisplatin resistance,while known to be complex and involve many processes,remains unclear.We hope to provide a new direction for pre-clin-ical and clinical studies through this review on the mechanism of ovarian cancer cisplatin resis-tance and methods to overcome drug resistance.

Hyper spectral resolution stimulated Raman spectroscopy with amplified fs pulse bursts

We present a novel approach for Stimulated Raman Scattering(SRS)spectroscopy in which a hyper spectral resolution and high-speed spectral acquisition are achieved by employing amplified offset-phase controlled fs-pulse bursts.We investigate the method by solving the coupled non-linear Schrödinger equations and validate it by numerically characterizing SRS in molecular nitrogen as a model compound.The spectral resolution of the method is found to be determined by the inverse product of the number of pulses in the burst and the intraburst pulse separation.The SRS spectrum is obtained through a motion-free scanning of the offset phase that results in a sweep of the Raman-shift frequency.Due to high spectral resolution and fast motion-free scanning the technique is beneficial for a number SRS-based applications such as gas sensing and chemical analysis.

胃十二指肠支架置入术

胃出口梗阻是晚期胰腺、胃和十二指肠恶性肿瘤的一种晚期并发症。胃出口梗阻患者会出现难治性恶心、呕吐和厌食,进而可能导致电解质失衡、脱水和营养不良。此外,这些患者持续存在误吸和肺炎的风险。传统上,这些梗阻大多采用手术治疗。然而,许多患者由于初始评估时的身体状况不佳而不适合接受搭桥手术。此外,其发病率和死亡率显著较高,并与症状持续或延迟缓解和住院时间延长相关。球囊扩张术和金属支架置入已成功应用于不适合手术的患者。文章将对其适应证、禁忌证、技术、结果及争议进行综述。

Fourier-Limited Attosecond Pulse from High Harmonic GenerationAssistedbyUlitrafast MagneticFields

One of the main constraints for reducing the temporal duration of attosecond pulses is the attochirp inherent to the process of high-order harmonic generation(HHG).Though the attochirp can be compensated in the extreme-ultraviolet using dispersive materials,this is unfeasible toward x-rays,where the shortest attosecond or even sub-attosecond pulses could be obtained.We theoretically demonstrate that HHG driven by a circularly polarized infrared pulse while assisted by an strong oscillating ultrafast intense magnetic field enables the generation of few-cycle Fourier-limited few attosecond pulses.In such a novel scenario,the magnetic field transversally confines the ionized electron during the HHG process,analogously to a nanowire trapping.Once the electron is ionized,the transverse electron dynamics is excited by the magnetic field,acting as a high-energy reservoir to be released in the form of phase-locked spectrally wide high-frequency harmonic radiation during the electron recollision with the parent ion.In addition,the transverse breathing dynamics of the electron wavepacket,introduced by the magnetic trapping,strongly modulates the recollision efficiency of the electronic trajectories,thus the attosecond pulse emissions.The aftermath is the possibility of producing high-frequency(hundreds of eV)attosecond isolated few-cycle pulses,almost Fourier limited.The isolated intense magnetic fields considered in our simulations,of tens of kT,can be produced in finite spatial volumes considering structured beams or stationary configurations of counter-propagating state-of-the-art multi-terawatt/petawatt lasers.

Observation of Refractive Index Line Shape in Ultrafast XUV Transient Absorption Spectroscopy

Ultrafast extreme ultraviolet (XUV) transient absorption spectroscopy measures the time- and frequencydependent light losses after light–matter interactions. In the linear region, the matter response to an XUV light field is usually determined by the complex refractive index ̃n. The absorption signal is directly related to the imaginary part of ̃n, namely, the absorption index. The real part of ̃n refers to the real refractive index, which describes the chromatic dispersion of an optical material. However, the real refractive index information is usually not available in conventional absorption experiments. Here, we investigate the refractive index line shape in ultrafast XUV transient absorption spectroscopy by using a scheme that the XUV pulse traverses the target gas jet off-center. The jet has a density gradient in the direction perpendicular to the gas injection direction, which induces deflection on the XUV radiation. Our experimental and theoretical results show that the shape of the frequency-dependent XUV deflection spectra reproduces the refractive index line profile. A typical dispersive refractive index line shape is measured for a single-peak absorption;an additional shoulder structure appears for a doublet absorption.Moreover, the refractive index line shape is controlled by introducing a later-arrived near-infrared pulse to modify the phase of the XUV free induction decay, resulting in different XUV deflection spectra. The results promote our understanding of matter-induced absorption and deflection in ultrafast XUV spectroscopy.

双管法治疗腹腔镜全胃切除术后食管空肠吻合口漏的临床疗效观察

目的探讨透视下经鼻漏腔引流管置入联合空肠营养管置入治疗腹腔镜辅助下全胃切除术后食管空肠吻合口漏的临床疗效。方法采用描述性病例系列研究方法,回顾性收集郑州大学附属肿瘤医院于2018年9月至2021年1月期间收治的12例经上消化道造影和CT明确为腹腔镜辅助下全胃切除术后食管空肠吻合口漏的患者,在禁食水及药物治疗的基础上,透视下经鼻经漏口将引流管置入于漏腔内进行冲洗并持续负压引流,如无空肠营养管则经鼻在透视下一并置入空肠营养管,如已有空肠营养管则进行调管,将其尽可能深置。结果12例患者全部成功置入经鼻漏腔引流管,并完成空肠营养管置入或调管,透视下经鼻漏腔引流管置管的时间为(22.0±6.4)min,透视下营养管置入或调管的时间为(20.0±7.9)min,未出现与置管相关的并发症。12例患者置管术后经过肠内营养及漏腔冲洗、持续负压吸引后平均17(10~31)d后,影像学检查示食管空肠吻合口漏愈合。结论透视下经鼻漏腔引流管联合营养管置入,治疗腹腔镜辅助下全胃切除术后食管空肠吻合口漏,安全、微创而有效。

Assessment of respiratory support decision and the outcome of invasive mechanical ventilation in severe COVID-19 with ARDS

Background:The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an ongoing pandemic.Invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV)is essential for the management of COVID-19 with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).We aimed to assess the impact of compliance with a respiratory decision support system on the outcomes of patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS who required IMV.Methods:In this retrospective,single-center,case series study,patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS who required IMV at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University,China,from January 8th,2020,to March 24th,2020,with the final follow-up date of April 20th,2020,were included.Demographic,clinical,laboratory,imaging,and management information were collected and analyzed.Compliance with the respiratory support decision system was documented,and its relationship with 28-day mortality was evaluated.Results:The study included 46 COVID-19-associated ARDS patients who required IMV.The median age of the 46 patients was 68.5 years,and 31 were men.The partial pressure of arterial oxygen(PaO_(2))/fraction of inspired oxygen(FiO_(2))ratio at intensive care unit(ICU)admission was 104 mmHg.The median total length of IMV was 12.0(interquartile range[IQR]:6.0–27.3)days,and the median respiratory support decision score was 11.0(IQR:7.8–16.0).To 28 days after ICU admission,18(39.1%)patients died.Survivors had a significantly higher respiratory support decision score than non-survivors(15.0[10.3–17.0]vs.8.5(6.0–10.3),P=0.001).Using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve to assess the discrimination of respiratory support decision score to 28-day mortality,the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.796(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.657–0.934,P=0.001)and the cut-offwas 11.5(sensitivity=0.679,specificity=0.889).Patients with a higher score(>11.5)were more likely to survive at 28 days after ICU admission(log-rank test,P<0.001).Conclusions:For severe COVID-19-associated ARDS with IMV,following the respiratory support decision and assessing completion would improve the progress of ventilation.With a decision score of>11.5,the mortality at 28 days after ICU admission showed an obvious decrease.

South-South cooperation in population and development: current progress and future perspectives

The impact of South-South cooperation(SSC)has been bolstered in the context of implementing the International Conference on Population and Development(ICPD)Programme of Action.In the past 25 years since ICPD in 1994,remarkable progress and achievements have been made in promoting SSC in population and develop-ment.China has been committed to working with developing countries,UN agen-cies and international organizations to advance ICPD under the framework of SSC.As the landscape of international development assistance has been changing and the ICPD remains as an unfinished agenda,the SSC has increasingly recognized the importance of effective financial inclusion policy in the implementation of the ICPD and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.The international community has recently identified seven strategic priority areas for SSC in the next few years,i.e.,(1)population dynamics and development;(2)universal access to reproduc-tive health and family planning services;(3)women’s,children’s and adolescents’health;(4)healthy ageing;(5)migration;(6)health and poverty alleviation;and(7)ending sexual and gender-based violence.The institutionalization and operation-alization remain as critical challenges,and special attention needs to be given to address these issues.Stronger political commitments,enhanced capacity building,better coordination and partnerships establishment of the SSC Center of Excellence,adequate resource mobilization and more evidence-based researches and systematic evaluation are recommended as future strategies for further promoting the SSC in population and development.