Construction of direct-Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst of g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2)/TiO_(2)composite and its degradation behavior for dyes of Rhodamine B

Direct-Z-scheme g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2)/TiO_(2)photocatalyst with giant internal electric field was prepared by onestep aqueous sonication self-assembly method using g-C_(3)N_(4)and MXene of Ti_(3)C_(2)as the source materials.The chemical composition and structure of the catalysts was characterized by FT-IR,XRD,SEM,TEM,and XPS.The XPS characterization indicated that Ti_(3)C_(2)was partially oxidized to TiO_(2)during the composite process.As a result,an efficient direct-Z-scheme heterojunction structure consisting of the g-C_(3)N_(4)and TiO_(2)with Ti_(3)C_(2)as an electron bridge was constructed.The photocatalytic performance of the prepared catalysts was evaluated by degrading the Rhodamine B(RhB)wastewater.Compared with the single g-C_(3)N_(4),the g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2)/TiO_(2)composite photocatalyst exhibited efficient and stable photocatalytic degradation ability,with a degradation efficiency as high as 99.2%for RhB under optimal conditions(2%Ti_(3)C_(2),pH=3).The high degradation performance of g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2)/TiO_(2)for RhB was attributed to the combination of Ti_(3)C_(2),TiO_(2),and g-C_(3)N_(4)components,forming a direct-Z-scheme heterojunction with a high-speed electron transport channel structure.The role of Z-scheme heterojunctions in electron transport is verified by photoelectrochemical characterization,along with photoluminescence(PL).Our research provides a simple method to design photocatalysts by constructing direct-Z-scheme electron transport channels for highly efficient treatment of dye wastewater.

Preparation of K-doped g-C_(3)N_(4) composite loaded on magnetic attapulgite and its degradation performance for malachite green

Visible-light-driven photocatalysis is a promising technology for the treatment of dye wastewater.In this work,a novel photocatalyst of K-doped g-C_(3)N_(4) loaded on magnetic attapulgite(ATP)(Kω-g-C_(3)N_(4)@ATP-Fe_(3)O_(4))with excellent visible light photocatalytic properties and stability were successfully prepared and characterized.The removal efficiency of Kω-g-C_(3)N_(4)@ATP-Fe_(3)O_(4) for malachite green(MG)was studied,and the degradation mechanism was analyzed and proposed.It was found that the K_(5)-g-C_(3)N_(4)@ATP-Fe_(3)O_(4) photocatalyst possessed excellent degradation efficiency of over 98.0%for the MG dye wastewater under optimal conditions.Moreover,the K_(5)-g-C_(3)N_(4)@ATP-Fe_(3)O_(4) materials possessed good recyclability with a removal rate over 82%after 4 cycles.Under visible light condition,the K_(5)-g-C_(3)N_(4)@ATP-Fe_(3)O_(4) photocatalyst produce radicals of·OH and O_(2)^(-)to degrade the MG dyes,which was supported by electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)and radical trapping experiments.In addition,the LC-MS analysis interpreted the degradation pathways and intermediates of MG in the solution.The findings in this work indicate that the prepared photocatalytic material has excellent degradation efficiency for MG and can be applied in dye wastewater treatment.

具有光热存储功能的纳米纤维素基偶氮苯复合物的制备及应用

为解决小分子偶氮苯(AZO)能量密度低、储能时间短等问题,以溴化纤维素纳米纤(CNF-Br)为模板,与含柔性长链的偶氮苯衍生物经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)后形成一种具有长支链梳型的纤维素基偶氮苯复合物(CNFAZO)。利用红外光谱、核磁共振和X射线衍射分析对所得的偶氮苯衍生物(AZOC_(6)OH和AZOC_(6)MA)和CNF-AZO复合物的结构进行表征。并利用紫外-可见光分光光度计和差示扫描量热法对CNF-AZO的光异构化和储能性能进行测试。结果表明,所得的CNF-AZO复合物对紫外光(365 nm)具有良好的响应性,且在黑暗条件下维持在高能顺式异构体的时间长达80 h。而在热刺激下,该复合物可由顺式异构体回复到反式异构体,并同时释放所存储的紫外光能,其能量密度可达44.6 kJ/kg。

Diversity and sub-functionalization of TaGW8 homoeologs hold potential for genetic yield improvement in wheat

Grain Weight 8(GW8) in rice is a SQUAMOSA Promoter-Binding Protein-Like(SPL) family transcription factor with multiple biological functions. In this study, three GW8 homoeologs were cloned from homoeologous group 7 chromosomes of wheat. Subcellular localization and trans-activation activity assays suggested that Ta GW8 is a transcriptional activator.Ta GW8 genes were preferentially expressed in young spikes and developing grains. Ectopic expressions of Ta GW8 in Arabidopsis and rice resulted in enhanced vegetative growth,earlier flowering and larger seeds. Ta GW8-7 A was the most highly variable of the three homoeologs with four haplotypes(Hap-1/2/3/4). Ta GW8-7 B had two haplotypes(Hap-L/H).Ta GW8-7 A-Hap-2 was associated with high thousand-grain weight(TGW) and large kernel length and showed higher transcriptional levels and binding activity than the other haplotypes. The high frequency of Ta GW8-7 A-Hap-2 in Chinese wheat populations suggested that it had been extensively selected in breeding. This haplotype showed a high potential for exploitation in global wheat breeding because its frequency was low in exotic germplasm. Ta GW8-7 B-Hap-H produced abundant transcripts and was associated with early heading and maturity, less tiller number and high TGW. This haplotype might be suitable for multiple cropping systems due to short wheat season. In this study we identified sub-functionalization among Ta GW8 homoeologs and obtained functional molecular markers that can be used in breeding for high grain yield.

Large-scale synthesis of noble-metal-free phosphide/CdS composite photocatalysts for enhanced H_2 evolution under visible light irradiation

Photocatalytic H2evolution under visible light irradiation is an ideal process for solving energy shortage.The low cost of photocatalysts and high efficiency of hydrogen evolution are the two key factors to realize the industrialization of the process.The substitution of a noble‐metal cocatalyst with a non‐noble‐metal catalyst can significantly reduce the cost of the photocatalyst.The largescale synthesis and assembly of semiconductors and non‐noble‐metal cocatalysts to form photocatalysts through a simple method can further decrease the cost of photocatalysis.Here,we report a large‐scale and low‐cost coprecipitation method to form phosphide/CdS photocatalysts to realize photocatalytic H2evolution.CoP and MoP cocatalysts significantly enhanced the photocatalytic production of hydrogen.The optimal H2production rates on CoP/CdS and MoP/CdS were140and78μmol/h,which were7.0and4.0times higher than those obtained with bare CdS,respectively,and2.0times and1.1times higher than those obtained with1.0%Pt/CdS,respectively.This work provides a practical method for the large‐scale preparation of low‐cost photocatalysts.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of CAHS among renal transplant recipients

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to assess the applicability of the Chinese version of Cognitive Appraisal of Health Scale(CAHS)for renal transplant recipients,and to make a preliminary evaluation of its reliability and validity.Methods:A total of 147 renal transplant recipients who attended a transplant follow-up clinic in a Level 3,Grade A hospital in Beijing were asked to complete the Chinese version of CAHS.Following completion the reliability and validity of the scale were tested.Results:The Cronbach alpha coefficient of Chinese version of CAHS among subscales of threat,harm,challenge and benign-irrelevant were 0.857,0.806,0.680,0.100 respectively;and the test-retest reliability coefficient were 0.791,0.601,0.624,0.470(p<0.01).Spearman correlation was used to test the four subscales'correlation between the item score and the total score,in which threat was 0.598e0.748,challenge was 0.517e0.651,harm was 0.528 e0.735 and benign-irrelevant was 0.507e0.651.These correlations were all statistically significant.The four common factors were extracted using factor analysis.The four factors accounted for 50.356%of the total variance.The SF-36 Physical Component Summary(PCS)and Mental Component Summary(MCS)scores were correlated with each subscale score in CAHS.Threat was weakly correlated to PCS,and was moderately correlated to MCS;harm was moderately correlated to both PCS and MCS;challenge was weakly correlated to both PCS and MCS and benign-irrelevant did not correlate with neither PCS nor MCS.The Chinese version of CAHS has been shown to have good discriminate and convergent validity.Conclusion:The Chinese version of the CAHS was supported to be applicable and to provide measurable performance in renal transplant recipients,thus it can be utilized with renal transplant recipients in China.

Genomic footprints of wheat evolution in China reflected by a Wheat660K SNP array

Common wheat(Triticum aestiuum L.)is one of the most important crops because it provides about 20%of the total calories for humans.T.aestiuum is an excellent modern species for studying concerted evolution of sub-genomes in polyploid species,because of its large chromosome size and three well-known genome donors.Establishment of common wheat genome reference sequence and development of high-density SNP chips provide an excellent foundation to answer questions of wheat evolution and breeding at the genomic level.By genotyping more than 600 accessions of common wheat and their diploid and tetraploid ancestors using a Wheat660 K SNP array,we found dramatic genome changes due to tetraploidization and hexaploidization,in contrast to weaker influences of domestication and breeding on them.Further,since common wheat was introduced in China in 1500 BCE,Chinese landraces formed two subgroups(T.aestiuum-L1 and T.aestiuum-L2)with considerably diverse geographic distributions and agronomic traits.T.aestiuum-L2,mainly distributed in central and east China is found to have more but smaller oval grains with early maturity characteristics.We found that variation and selection in intergenic regions of the A and B sub-genomes dominated this differentiation,in which chromosomes 7 A and 3 B took the leading roles due to the existence of putative genes related to defense responses and environmental adaption in the highly differentiated regions.Large haplotype blocks were detected on 3 B(232.6-398.3 Mb)and 7 A(211.7-272.9 Mb)in the landraces,forming two distinct haplotypes,respectively.We discovered that artificial crosses in breeding promoted recombination in the whole genome,however,this recombination and differentiation was highly asymmetric among the three sub-genomes in homoeologous regions.In addition,we found that the wide use of European and northern American cultivars in breeding at early era,led dramatic changes in Chinese wheat genome,whereas,the recent breeding functioned to optimize it.This study will provide the insight for reconsideration of wheat evolution and breeding,and a new strategy for parent selection in breeding.

Nitrogen and fluorine co-doped TiO_(2)/carbon microspheres for advanced anodes in sodium-ion batteries: High volumetric capacity, superior power density and large areal capacity

Fast charging and high volumetric capacity are two of the critical demands for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).Although nanostructured materials achieve outstanding rate performance,they suffer from low tap density and small volumetric capacity.Therefore,how to realize large volumetric capacity and high tap density simultaneously is very challenging.Here,N/F co-doped TiO_(2)/carbon microspheres(NF- TiO_(2)/C)are synthesized to achieve both of them.Theoretical calculations reveal that N and F co-doping increases the contents of oxygen vacancies and narrows the bandgaps of TiO_(2) and C,improving the electronic conductivity of NF- TiO_(2)/C.Furthermore,NF- TiO_(2)/C exhibits the high binding energy and low diffusion energy barrier of Na+,significantly facilitating Na+storage and Na+diffusion.Therefore,NF- TiO_(2)/C offers a high tap density(1.51 g cm^(-3)),an outstanding rate performance(125.9 mAh g^(-1) at 100 C),a large volumetric capacity(190 mAh cm^(-3) at 100 C),a high areal capacity(4.8 mAh cm^(-2))and an ultra-long cycling performance(80.2%after 10,000 cycles at 10 C)simultaneously.In addition,NF- TiO_(2)/C||Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) full cells achieve an ultrahigh power density of 25.2 kW kg^(-1).These results indicate the great promise of NF- TiO_(2)/C as a high-volumetric-capacity and high-power-density anode material of SIBs.

Rational screening of metal coating on Zn anode for ultrahigh-cumulative-capacity aqueous zinc metal batteries

Aqueous zinc metal batteries feature intrinsic safety,but suffer from severe dendrite growth and water-derived side reactions.Many metal coatings have been explored for stabilizing Zn metal anode via a trialand-error approach.Here,we propose an exercisable way to screen the potential metal coating on Zn anodes in view of de-polarization effect and dendrite-suppressing ability theoretically.As an output of this screening,cadmium(Cd) metal is checked experimentally.Therefore,symmetric ZnllZn cells using Cd coated Zn(Zn@Cd) exhibit an ultra-long cycle life of 3500 h(nearly 5 months) at a high current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),achieving a record-high cumulative capacity(35 A h cm^(-2)) compared to the previous reports.The full cells of Zn@Cd‖MnO_(2) display a markedly improved cycling performance under harsh conditions including a limited Zn supply(N/P ratio=1.7) and a high areal capacity(3.5 mA h cm^(-2)).The significance of this work lies in not only the first report of Cd coating for stabilizing Zn metal anode,but also a feasible way to screen the promising metal materials for other metal anodes.

Automatic segmentation of gas plumes from multibeam water column images using a U-shape network

Cold seeps are widely developed on the seabed of continental margins and can form gas plumes due to the upward migration of methane-rich fluids.The detection and automatic segmentation of gas plumes are of great significance in locating and studying the cold seep system that is usually accompanied by hydrate layers in the subsurface.A multibeam echo-sounder system(MBES)can record the complete backscatter intensity of the water column,and it is one of the most effective means for detecting cold seeps.However,the gas plumes recorded in multibeam water column images(WCI)are usually blurred due to the interference of the complicated water environment and the sidelobes of the MBES,making it difficult to obtain the effective segmentation.Therefore,based on the existing UNet semantic segmentation network,this paper proposes an AP-UNet network combining the convolutional block attention module and the pyramid pooling module for the automatic segmentation and extraction of gas plumes.Comparative experiments are conducted among three traditional segmentation methods and two deep learning methods.The results show that the AP-UNet segmentation model can effectively suppress complicated water column noise interference.The segmentation precision,the Dice coefficient,and the recall rate of this model are 92.09%,92.00%,and 92.49%,respectively,which are 1.17%,2.10%,and 2.07%higher than the results of the UNet.

Astrocytic effect of low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate in interleukin-6 overexpressing mice following local cerebral ischemia

BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate exhibits a remarkable neuroprotective effect. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate on astrocytes in an interleukin-6 （IL-6） overexpressing mice following local cerebral ischemia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized, cytological, controlled, animal study was performed in the Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Neurology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina from January 2005 to March 2005. MATERIALS： Nine IL-6 transgenic mice, irrespective of gender, were randomly divided into three groups： sham-operated, model, and treatment, with three mice in each group. With exception of the sham-operated group, right middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in the mice. Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, an astrocyte marker, was determined by immunohistochemistry. Low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate was purchased from Biochemistry and Biotechnique Institute, Shandong University. METHODS： Two minutes prior to ischemia induction, 0.5 mL/kg saline or 20 000 U/kg low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate were administrated via the femoral artery in the model group and treatment group, respectively. The sham-operated group underwent the same protocols, with the exception of occlusion and treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells was quantified under light microscopy （x200）. RESULTS： In the sham-operated group, there were a large number of astrocytes in the IL-6 transgenic mice. However, the cell bodies were small, and the branches were few and thin. The number of astrocytes in the model group was remarkably less than the sham-operated group. Compared to the model and sham-operated groups, the number of astrocytes significantly increased, and the cell body became larger, following treatment with low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate. Astrocytes exhibited hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and the processes became longer and thicker. CONCLUSION： The low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate may provide neuroprotection through astrocytic activation at the super-early stage of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

Depressive symptoms and associated factors among renal-transplant recipients in China

Aim:This study aimed to explore depressive symptoms and associated factors among renal-transplant(RT)recipients in China.Methods:This study included 287 RT recipients.Data were collected from August to November 2014 by utilizing demographic forms,namely,the Self-rating Depression Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.Descriptive statistics,Student's t test,Chi-square test,ANOVA,and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis.Results:More than half of the recipients presented depressive symptoms.All recipients in the four transplant period groups(≤5 yr,5e10 yr,10e15 yr,and>15 yr)reported greater depressive symptoms than the Norm.No significant difference was observed in the depressive symptoms in the four transplant period groups.Multiple linear regression indicated that depressive symptoms were significantly associated with employment status,economic burden,inhabitation area,and social support.Conclusion:Depression is common among RT recipients in China.Employment status,economic burden,inhabitation area,and social support are the main factors affecting depression among RT recipients.Follow-up clinics should prescribe the evaluation of depression as a routine examination for RT patients.Moreover,depressed recipients must be provided with individualized care by collecting information on the depressive symptoms,employment status,economic burden,inhabitation area,and perceived social support of recipients.

Effects of low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate on serum levels of nitric oxide,glutathione peroxidase,and myeloperoxidase in a gerbil model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

BACKGROUND： Several studies have demonstrated that low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase （LMWH-SOD） conjugate may exhibit good neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury though anticoagulation, decreasing blood viscosity, having anti-inflammatory activity, and scavenging oxygen free radicals. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the intervention effects of LMWH-SOD conjugate on serum levels of nitric oxide （NO）, glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）, and myeloperoxidase （MPO） following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, and neurobiochemical experiment was performed at the Institute of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University between April and July 2004. MATERIALS： A total of 60 Mongolian gerbils of either gender were included in this study. Total cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in 50 gerbils by occluding bilateral common carotid arteries. The remaining 10 gerbils received a sham-operation （sham-operated group）. Kits of SOD, NO, and MPO were sourced from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, China. LMWH, SOD, and LMWH-SOD conjugates were provided by Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnique, Shandong University, China. METHODS： Fifty successful gerbil models of total cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were evenly randomized to five groups： physiological saline, LMWH-SOD, SOD, LMWH ＋ SOD, and LMWH. At 2 minutes prior to ischemia, 0.5 mL/65 g physiological saline, 20 000 U/kg LMWH-SOD conjugate, 20 000 U/kg SOD, a mixture of SOD （20 000 U/kg） and LMWH （LMWH dose calculated according to weight ratio, LMWH： SOD = 23.6：51）, and LMWH （dose as in the LMWH ＋ SOD group） were administered through the femoral artery in each above-mentioned group, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Serum levels of NO, MPO, and GSH-Px. RESULTS： Compared with 10 sham-operated gerbils, the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury gerbils exhibited decreased serum levels of GSH-Px and increased serum levels of NO and MPO （P 〈 0.01）. The serum level of GSH-Px was significantly upregulated in all groups, in particular in the LMWH-SOD group （P 〈 0.01）, compared with the physiological saline group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. Following medical treatment, serum levels of NO and MPO were significantly downregulated in all groups, in particular in the LMWH-SOD group （P 〈 0.01）. Serum levels of GSH-Px, NO, and MPO in the LMWH-SOD group were close to those in the sham-operated group （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： In cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, LMWH-SOD conjugate exhibits stronger neuroprotective effects on free radical scavenging, inflammation inhibition, and cytotoxicity inhibition than simple or combined application of LMWH and SOD by downregulating NO and MPO levels and upregulating the GSH-Px level.

Advances in thermoelectric(GeTe)_(x)(AgSbTe_(2))_(100-x)

The(GeTe)_(x)(AgSbTe_(2))_(100-x)alloys,also called TAGS-x in short,have long been demonstrated as a promising candidate for thermoelectric applications with successful services as the p-type leg in radioisotope thermoelectric generators for space missions.This largely stems from the complex band structure for a superior electronic performance and strong anharmonicity for a low lattice thermal conductivity.Utilization of the proven strategies including carrier concentration optimization,band and defects engineering,an extraordinary thermoelectric figure of merit,zT,has been achieved in TAGS-based alloys.Here,crystal structure,band structure,microstructure,synthesis techniques and thermoelectric transport properties of TAGS-based alloys,as well as successful strategies for manipulating the thermoelectric performance,are surveyed with opportunities for further advancements.These strategies involved are believed to be in principle applicable for advancing many other thermoelectrics.

Correlation of long-term medication behaviour self-efficacy with social support and medication knowledge of kidney transplant recipients

Aim:This study aimed to explore the correlation of long-term medication behaviour self-efficacy with social support and medication knowledge of kidney transplant recipients.Methods:A convenient sample of kidney transplant recipients in a general hospital in Guangzhou was recruited from November 2016 to January 2017.Self-reported survey data were provided by the kidney transplant recipients using long-term medication behaviour self-efficacy scale(LTMBSES),perceived social support scale(PSSS)and scale for patient-perceived medication knowledge in medication usage.Descriptive statistics and Spearman's correlation analysis were used for data analysis.Results:A total of 195 kidney transplant recipients(132 men and 63 women)were recruited for this study.The mean scores of all LTMBSES dimensions,namely personal attitudes,environmental and taskrelated and behavioural factors,were 32.49±4.34,60.90±7.56 and 32.32±4.40,respectively.The mean scores of three PSSS dimensions,namely,family,friends and significant others,were 24.91±3.42,22.71±4.66 and 22.15±4.26,correspondingly.The mean scores of two five-item knowledge subscale dimensions,namely,general and interaction knowledge,were 9.56±1.07 and 13.02±2.67,respectively.Spearman's correlation analysis showed that social support(rs=0.232,P<0.01)and medication knowledge(rs=0.352,P<0.01)were positively associated with long-term medication self-efficacy in the kidney transplant recipients.Conclusion:The levels of long-term medication self-efficacy,perceived social support and medication knowledge of the kidney transplant recipients were high.Social support and medication knowledge were correlated with self-efficacy.

Quality evaluation of systematic reviews of the effects of Baduanjin on diabete

Objective:Recently,the effects of Baduanjin(a traditional Chinese mind-body exercise)on diabetes have attracted increasing attention,and relevant systematic reviews(SRs)have emerged.However,the qualities of these SRs vary markedly,and their conclusions are inconsistent,which is not conducive to guiding decision-making.We sought to assess the quality of these SRs and provide more evidence for diabetes treatment.Methods:A literature search was conducted in 7 databases from inception to December 1st,2021.SRs of randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of Baduanjin were identified.A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2(AMSTAR-2)checklist,Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis(PRISMA)statement,and Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)system were applied to evaluate the quality of the SRs.Results:Ten SRs were identified.All SRs were judged as critically low methodological quality by the AMSTAR-2 checklist.The total PRISMA score of the included SRs ranged from 15 to 21,and the mean score was 18.60(1.90),indicating that all SRs had partial reporting deficits.Sixty outcomes were reported in the included studies,of which 25(41.67%)were judged as low quality,and 34(56.67%)as very low quality according to the GRADE system,indicating that the overall evidence quality of outcomes was not high.Conclusion:Baduanjin seems to be an effective therapy for diabetes in improving glucose and lipid metabolism,mental health,quality of life,and waist-hip ratio(WHR).The overall quality of the SRs was less than optimal.This conclusion should be treated with caution,and researchers should conduct higher-quality clinical studies following AMSTAR-2checklist,PRISMA statement,and GRADE system in the future.

Posthumous organ donation beliefs of college students:A qualitative study

Objective:To explore the perspectives and beliefs of college students toward posthumous organ donation,and the factors influencing their beliefs.Methods:This was a descriptive phenomenology study conducted with semi-structured indepth interviews.Nine college students attending three universities in Beijing who agreed to participate in this study were interviewed.Data were analyzed following the guideline suggested by Colaizzi(1978).Briefly,statements identified as noteworthy were coded and organized.A description was then written to formalize their meaning and returned to the participants for validation of the description.Results:In general,the participants exhibited positive attitudes toward posthumous organ donation.However,not all subjects indicated that they would become an organ donor.Based on the provided responses,four main themes emerged:(1)knowledge about organ donation,participants reported a general lack of education or understanding of organ transplantation and donation;(2)core beliefs on organ donation,despite believing it is valuable public service,participants were unwilling to go against the cultural beliefs held by parents and elders;(3)factors influencing beliefs on organ donation,including cultural and peer opinion,posthumous care of the body,legal registration,and publicity;(4)institutional and policy context,lack of guarantee for proper use of organs after donation was a concern.Conclusion:Despite positive attitudes towards posthumous organ donation,college students are hesitant to become donors because of lack of knowledge/publicity;cultural disdain;and lack of governmental assurance.

Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun Polylactic Acid Micro/Nanofibers under Different Solvent Conditions

Electrospinning is a versatile and popular method for the fabrication of ultrafine fibers and many parameters in electrospinning can be adjusted when ideal micro/nanofibers are required.In particular,the selection of a proper solvent condition is a fundamental and crucial step to produce electrospun ultrafine fibers.In this study,a commonly used biomaterial,polylactic acid(PLA),was dissolved in 7 different solvents and PLA micro/nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning.The morphology,porosity,mechanical property and static contact angle were characterized to determine the quality of the obtained product.The results show that different solvent conditions have a significant effect on both the diameter,surface smooth degree of PLA micro/nanofibers and the properties of the fibrous membranes.

STABILITY OF RAREFACTION WAVE FOR A MACROSCOPIC MODEL DERIVED FROM THE VLASOV-MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN SYSTEM

In this article, we are concerned with the nonlinear stability of the rarefaction wave for a one-dimensional macroscopic model derived from the Vlasov-Maxwell-Boltzmann system. The result shows that the large-time behavior of the solutions coincides with the one for both the Navier-Stokes-Poisson system and the Navier-Stokes system. Both the timedecay property of the rarefaction wave profile and the influence of the electromagnetic field play a key role in the analysis.

Shadow Education in the Era of the Globalization:Comprehensive Prohibition or Active Encouragement?

With the acceleration of education democratization and the rapid development of education modernization,shadow education,as a prominent phenomenon in education globalization,has begun to develop rapidly.This paper challenges the different views of shadow education which has both positive and negative effect in the era of globalization and further discusses that shadow education should be actively encouraged from the perspective of knowledge economy,brain migration and higher education.