实验教学中心在科研训练和学科竞赛管理方面的探索与实践

创新型人才培养是实现高水平科技自立自强的必然要求,大学生的科研训练和实验竞赛对创新型人才培养发挥了重要作用。本文结合中山大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心建设的实际情况,对近年来组织实施本科生开展创新实验项目和学科竞赛的情况、遇到的问题及取得的成效进行介绍和分析,探讨实验教学中心如何发挥资源优势,更好地管理和组织本科生的科研训练和学科竞赛,有效培养大学生的科研思维和实践能力,进一步提升创新型人才的培养水平。

以整体搬迁为契机,推动化学实验教学中心高质量发展——以中山大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心为例

为配合学校“三校区五校园”办学格局的整体部署,中山大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心积极推进整体搬迁,在学校和化学学院的大力支持下,完成了新的空间布局和实验室优化升级,全面提升了综合实力。中心搬迁调整历时2年,硬件条件得到了飞跃式提升,并结合学校新形势、新布局,与时俱进,构建简洁高效科学的管理系统,推动实验教学中心持续发展,开创了中心“高质量办学”新发展格局。

Dynamics and vibration reduction performance of asymmetric tristable nonlinear energy sink

With its complex nonlinear dynamic behavior,the tristable system has shown excellent performance in areas such as energy harvesting and vibration suppression,and has attracted a lot of attention.In this paper,an asymmetric tristable design is proposed to improve the vibration suppression efficiency of nonlinear energy sinks(NESs)for the first time.The proposed asymmetric tristable NES(ATNES)is composed of a pair of oblique springs and a vertical spring.Then,the three stable states,symmetric and asymmetric,can be achieved by the adjustment of the distance and stiffness asymmetry of the oblique springs.The governing equations of a linear oscillator(LO)coupled with the ATNES are derived.The approximate analytical solution to the coupled system is obtained by the harmonic balance method(HBM)and verified numerically.The vibration suppression efficiency of three types of ATNES is compared.The results show that the asymmetric design can improve the efficiency of vibration reduction through comparing the chaotic motion of the NES oscillator between asymmetric steady states.In addition,compared with the symmetrical tristable NES(TNES),the ATNES can effectively control smaller structural vibrations.In other words,the ATNES can effectively solve the threshold problem of TNES failure to weak excitation.Therefore,this paper reveals the vibration reduction mechanism of the ATNES,and provides a pathway to expand the effective excitation amplitude range of the NES.

基础学科领域本科教育教学改革试点工作——化学“101计划”

为落实教育部基础学科领域本科教育教学改革试点工作(系列“101计划”),推进基础学科拔尖人才培养,化学“101计划”以化学学科专业教学改革为突破口和试验区,集中全国化学领域优势力量,建设12门核心课程,规划一批核心教材,开展教育数字化和智能化探索,培育核心师资团队,探索化学拔尖创新人才高质量自主培养新路径。本文介绍了化学“101计划”在组织、课程(理论和实验)、教材、教师等核心要素建设方面的重要举措、进展和计划。

化学国家级实验教学示范中心建设的探索与实践——以中山大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心为例

化学国家级实验教学示范中心(中山大学)以立德树人为根本,以队伍建设为核心,以实验教学改革为重点,以实验室建设为基础,以创新管理体制、运行机制改革为动力,稳步扎实推进实验教学中心高质量内涵式发展。文章从建设情况、管理体制、资源整合、队伍建设、实验教学体系、人才培养等方面展示了化学国家级实验教学示范中心(中山大学)的建设过程和成果。

化学“101计划”合成化学实验课程建设

合成化学实验是化学“101计划”12门核心课程之一,是面向化学及相关专业本科生的一门涵盖从基础合成到中高阶和综合合成的贯通式、全链条实验课程。与传统围绕二级学科分别开设实验课程的教学模式不同,合成化学实验主要以合成方法为主线对实验知识体系进行重构,着眼于有机、无机、高分子、超分子物质与应用性材料的合成,构建完整的化学合成方法学体系。课程内容兼顾基础和前沿,注重学科的交叉和知识的贯通,并通过全链条综合实验的设计,引领学生加强知识与技能的融合,培养学生的科学思维和创新意识。本文将从课程定位、课程目标、课程设计思路、核心知识体系建设、教材/教案建设、师资团队建设等方面,简要介绍合成化学实验课程的改革思路及建设情况。

FGW1, a protein containing DUF630 and DUF632 domains, regulates grain size and filling in Oryza sativa L.

Grain filling influences grain size and quality in cereal crops. The molecular mechanisms that regulate grain endosperm development remain elusive. In this study, we characterized a filling-defective and grain width mutant, fgw1, whose mutation increased rice seed width mainly via cell division and expansion in grains. Sucrose contents were higher but starch contents lower in the fgw1 mutant during the grainfilling stage, resulting in inferior endosperm of opaque, white appearance with loosely packed starch granules. Map-based cloning revealed that FGW1 encoded a protein containing DUF630/DUF632domains, localized in the plasma membrane with preferential expression in the panicle. RNA interference in FGW1 resulted in increased grain width and weight, whereas overexpression of FGW1 led to slightly narrower kernels and better grain filling. In a yeast two-hybrid assay, FGW1 interacted directly with the 14–3–3 protein GF14f, bimolecular fluorescence complementation verified that the site of interaction was the membrane, and the mutated FGW1 protein failed to interact with GF14f. The expression of GF14f was down-regulated in fgw1, and the activities of AGPase, StSase, and SuSase in the endosperm of fgw1increased similarly to those of a reported GF14f-RNAi. Transcriptome analysis indicated that FGW1 also regulates cellular processes and carbohydrate metabolism. Thus, FGW1 regulated grain formation via the GF14f pathway.

Micromechanical interlocking structure at the filler/resin interface for dental composites: a review

Dental resin composites(DRCs)are popular materials for repairing caries or dental defect,requiring excellent properties to cope with the complex oral environment.Filler/resin interface interaction has a significant impact on the physicochemical/biological properties and service life of DRCs.

CSN4基因干扰对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

乳腺癌目前是危害女性常见的恶性肿瘤,研究发现COP9复合体中的各个亚基与恶性肿瘤的发生发展密切相关,且CSN4亚基对整个复合体具有很重要的调节作用。为探讨CSN4基因在乳腺癌细胞中的生物学功能及其分子作用机制,本研究首先在乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231中,成功建立了慢病毒介导的CSN4基因的干扰表达体系,并通过细胞表型实验、CCK8实验和细胞克隆形成实验证实CSN4基因表达的干扰能显著抑制乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖速率和克隆形成能力。流式细胞检测结果表明,干扰CSN4的表达能显著增加Sub G_1期乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞比例;凋亡检测结果表明,干扰CSN4的表达能显著增加早期凋亡和晚期凋亡细胞的比例,这证明干扰CSN4的表达能够促进乳腺癌细胞凋亡。最后,通过Western blot实验证实CSN4能调控CDK6和Caspase3蛋白的表达,激活Caspase3切割PARP,揭示CSN4可调控CDK6和Caspase3的表达从而影响乳腺癌细胞的增殖和凋亡。本研究结果进一步加深了人们对乳腺癌细胞凋亡和细胞生长的分子机制的认识,同时也进一步揭示了CSN4在肿瘤生物学中的作用和机制。

Clinical,Laboratory and Imaging Features of High Altitude Pulmonary Edema in Tibetan Plateau

Objective To analyze characteristics of high altitude pulmonary edema(HAPE)in Chinese patients.Methods We performed a retrospective study of 98 patients with HAPE.We reviewed the medical records and summarized the clinical,laboratory and imaging characteristics of these cases,and compared the results on admission with those determined before discharge.Results Forty-eight(49.0%)patients developed HAPE at the altitude of 2800 m to 3000 m.Ninty-five(96.9%)patients were man.Moist rales were audible from the both lungs,and moist rales over the right lung were clearer than those over the left lung in fourteen patients.The white blood cells[(12.83±5.55)versus(8.95±3.23)×109/L,P=0.001)]as well as neutrophil counts[(11.34±3.81)versus(7.49±2.83)×109/L,P=0.001)]were higher,whereas the counts of other subsets of white blood cells were lower on admission than those after recovery(all P<0.05).Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase(115.8±37.6 versus 85.7±32.4 mmol/L,P=0.020),cholinesterase(7226.2±1631.8 versus 6285.3±1693.3 mmol/L,P=0.040),creatinine(85.2±17.1 versus 75.1±12.8 mmol/L,P=0.021),uric acid(401.9±114.2 versus 326.0±154.3 mmol/L,P=0.041),and uric glucose(7.20±1.10 versus 5.51±1.11 mmol/L,P=0.001)were higher,but carbondioxide combining power(CO2CP,26.7±4.4 versus 28.9±4.5 mmol/L,P=0.042)and serous calcium(2.32±0.13 versus 2.41±0.10 mmol/L,P=0.006)were lower on admission.Arterial blood gas results showed hypoxemia and respiratory alkalosis on admission.Conclusions In the present research,men were more susceptible to HAPE than women,and in the process of HAPE,the lesions of the right lung were more serious than those of the left lung.Some indicators of routine blood test and blood biochemistry of HAPE patients changed.

Geniposide protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against corticosterone-induced injury

In vitro cultured human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with 50 or 5 ug/mL geniposide for 12 hours and exposed to 400 umol/L corticosterone. Corticosterone exposure in cultures not pretreated with geniposide resulted in inhibited cell growth, reduced cell survival, and increased P53 and P21 protein expression. However, in geniposide pretreated SH-SY5Y cells, cell viability and the number of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle were significantly increased, P21 and P53 protein expression was reduced, and cell apoptosis was inhibited following corticosterone exposure. These results indicate that geniposide can protect SH-SY5Y cells against high-dose corticosterone-induced injury.

Shuyusan-containing serum protects SH-SY5Y cells against corticosterone-induced impairment

The Chinese herb Shuyusan, whose main constituent is jasminoidin, has been shown to protect SH-SY5Y cells against corticosterone-induced damage. SH-SY5Y cells injured by 400 μmol/L cor- ticosterone were treated with 5 and 30 μg/mL Shuyusan-containing serum. Results revealed that Shuyusan-containing serum elevated the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells, reduced Bax expression, increased Bcl-2 expression, markedly elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA expression, and blocked cell apoptosis. Moreover, the effect of high-dose （30 μg/mL） Shuyusan-containing se- rum was more remarkable. Therefore, Shuyusan-containing serum appears to protect SH-SY5Y cells against corticosterone-induced impairment by adjusting the expression of apoptosis-associ- ated proteins and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Moreover, high-dose Shuyusan-containing se- rum has a protective effect on high-dose corticosterone-induced impairment.

Mechanisms of inhibition by aspirin of endometrial carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion

Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanisms of aspirin on the proliferation,migration and invasion of endometrial carcinoma HEC-1 A cell lines.Methods:HEC-1 Acells were cultured to the exponential phase and treated with different concentrations of aspirin(0.625 mmol/L,1.25 mmol/L,2.5 mmol/L,5 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L)for 24 to 120 hours.Cell proliferation was assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay.The migration and invasion of HEC-1 Acells were detected by transwell assay.The protein expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and ascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR-2)in HEC-1 Acells were determined by western blotting.Results:MTT results showed that aspirin inhibited the growth and proliferation of endometrial cancer cells in concentration and time-dependent manner.Aspirin had a significant inhibitory effect on the migration and invasion of HEC-1 Acells(P<0.05).In addition,aspirin obviously suppressed concentration-dependently the expression levels of VEGF and VEGFR-2(P<0.05).Conclusion:Aspirin could inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of endometrial cancer cells.The anti-tumor mechanism of aspirin might be related to the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis via blocking the VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway.

White Matter Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease Revealed by Diffusion Tensor Imaging with TBSS

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by impairments in multiple cognitive domains and it is hard to diagnose in early stage because it’s not easy to recognize and develop slowly. In this study, we try to evaluate the difference of white matter between AD and health volunteers using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and try to provide some evidence for diagnose AD in early stage. Twelve elderly Chinese patients with AD and twelve healthy volunteers were recruited and underwent DTI. The raw diffusion data were dealt with the toolkit of FSL image post-processing. Fractional anisotrogy (FA) data were then carried out by using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). The result showed that the FA of cingulum, hippocampus, corticospinal tract, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus significantly reduced in AD patients than that of volunteers. This indicated that the integrity of white matter tracts in these regions with AD was disturbed. On the other hand, the FA of other encephalic regions had no discrepancy compared with that of healthy volunteers. FA values were found reduced significantly in AD patients, especially in the posterior of the brain. These findings may provide image methods to diagnose patients with early stage of AD.

全基因组关联研究发现中国人群前列腺癌两个新易感位点9q31.2和19q13.4

0前言在全球范围内，前列腺癌的发病率和病死率存在着巨大差异。该病在西方发达国家发病率最高，在非裔美国人群病死率最高，而在亚洲人群中发病率及病死率均为全球最低，提示不同人种在前列腺癌的遗传方面存在异质性。在欧美和日本人群中，全基因组关联研究（GWAS）技术已经被用于检测前列腺癌的遗传易感性位点，但至今尚无关于GWAS检测中国人群前列腺癌易感位点的报道。

Urchin-like multiscale structured fluorinated hydroxyapatite as versatile filler for caries restoration dental resin composites

Caries is one of the most prevalent human diseases,resulting from demineralization of tooth hard tissue caused by acids produced from bacteria,and can progress to pulpal inflammation.Filling restoration with dental resin composites(DRCs)is currently the most common treatment for caries.However,existing DRCs suffer from low fracture strength and lack comprehensive anti-caries bioactivity including remineralization,pulp protection,and anti-cariogenic bacteria effects.In this study,inspired by plant roots’ability to stabilize and improve soil,fluorinated urchin-like hydroxyapatite(FUHA)with a three-dimensional whisker structure and bioactive components of calcium,phosphorus,and fluorine was designed and synthesized by a dynamic self-assembly method.Furthermore,versatile FUHA particles with different loading fractions were used as functional fillers to fabricate methacrylate-based DRCs,where the urchin-like hydroxyapatite(UHA)filled DRCs and commercial DRCs(Z350XT and BEAUTIFIL II)served as the control groups.The results demonstrated that FUHA with 50 wt%loading in resin matrix endowed DRC(F5)with excellent physicochemical properties,dentin remineralization property,cell viability,promotion of dental pulp stem cells mineralization,and antibacterial properties.Meanwhile,F5 also presented good clinical handling and aesthetic characteristics.Therefore,structure/functional-integrated FUHA filled DRCs have potential as a promising strategy for tooth restoration and anti-caries bioactivity.

Selectively nucleotide-derived RuP on N,P-codoped carbon with engineered mesopores for energy-efficient hydrogen production assisted by hydrazine oxidation

Integrating hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)with hydrazine oxidation reaction(HzOR)has an encouraging prospect for the energy-saving hydrogen production,demanding the high-performance bifunctional HER/HzOR electrocatalyst.Ruthenium phosphide/doped carbon composites have exhibited superior activity towardmultiple electrocatalytic reactions.To explore the decent water-soluble precursors containing bothNand P elements is highly attractive to facilely prepare metal phosphide/doped carbon composites.Herein,as one kind ecofriendly biomolecules,adenine nucleotide was first employed to selectively fabricate the highly pure RuP nanoparticles embedded into porous N,P-codoped carbons(RuP/PNPC)with a straightforward“mix-and-pyrolyze”approach.The newly prepared RuP/PNPC only requires 4.0 and−83.0 mV at 10 mA/cm^(2) separately in alkaline HER and HzOR,outperforming most of reported electrocatalysts,together with the outstanding neutral bifunctional performance.Furthermore,the two-electrode alkaline and neutral overall hydrazine splitting both exhibit significant power-efficiency superiority to the corresponding overall water splitting with the voltage difference of larger than 2 V,which can be also easily driven by the fuel cells and solar cells with considerableH2 generation.Our report innovates the N-and P-bearing adenine nucleotide to effortlessly synthesize the high-quality RuP/doped carbon composite catalysts,highly potential as a universal platform for metal phosphide-related functional materials.

Micromechanical interlocking-inspired dendritic porous silicabased multimodal resin composites for the tooth restoration

Porous silica particles have shown great potential application as reinforcing fillers in the field of dentistry due to their ability to construct the micromechanical interlocking effect at filler-matrix interface.However,how to accurately regulate the pore structure,especially the pore size,to increase the degree of the micromechanical interlocking and the performance of materials remains a challenge.Herein,we have proposed a facile self-assembly process to synthesize dendritic porous silica with tunable pore sizes(DPS-x)by adjusting the chain-length of the alcohols in the microemulsion.The mechanism of nucleation-growth is further put forward.The results indicate that the pore size of DPS-x indeed affects the mechanical property of composites,where the DPSpen particles with intermediate pore size are chosen as the optimal reinforcing fillers.The bimodal and multimodal filler formulations are further established to address the loading limitation of unimodal DPS-pen(46 wt.%).In virtue of the closepacked structure of identical spheres,the particle sizes of secondary silica embedded into the maximally loaded bimodal D3S7 composite(DPS-pen:Si430=30:70,w/w)are theoretically calculated without trials.Among all formulations,the developed multimodal D3S7+Si178+Si90 filler exhibits superior mechanical properties,the lowest shrinkage,and high polymerization conversion for dental composites,along with satisfied waster sorption and solubility,and good biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo,which are comparable to commercial composite Z350 XT(3M,USA).These DPS-x particles and their multimodal fillers can also be applied to other polymer-based biomaterials.