乡村既有建筑改造中的新旧共生——以南京市高岗村民居改造实践为例

近年来,乡村闲置建筑的活化利用逐渐受到关注,对于建筑改造而言,处理“新”与“旧”的关系始终是核心命题。本文阐述了乡村建筑改造中“新”与“旧”的矛盾,提出一种基于“新旧共生”理念的路径,以团队主持的乡村民居改造项目为案例,提出具体的改造策略,试图探索一种有效的乡村既有建筑改造模式,为相关设计实践提供借鉴。

SOX11 as a potential prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma linked to immune infiltration and ferroptosis

Objective:SOX11 is expressed in numerous malignancies,including hepatocellular carcinomas(HCC),but its oncogenic function has not been elucidated.Here,we performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma(LIHC)dataset to investigate the function of SOX11 in tumorgenesis.Methods:SOX11 expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)were validated by immunohistochemistry(IHC).Co-expression,differential expression,and functional analyses utilized TCGA-LIHC,Timer 2.0,Metascape,GTEx,and LinkedOmics databases.Associations with immune infiltration,ferroptosis,and immune checkpoint genes were assessed.Genetic changes were explored via CBioPortal.Logistic regression,receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC),Kaplan-Meier analysis,and nomogram modeling evaluated associations with HCC clinicopathological features.SOX11’s impact on proliferation and migration was studied in HepG2 and HuH7 cell lines.Results:SOX11 was significantly elevated in HCC tumors compared to controls.SOX11-associated genes exhibited differential expression in pathways involving extracellular membrane ion channels.Significant associations were found between SOX11 levels,immune infiltration,ferroptosis,and immune checkpoint genes in HCC tissue.SOX11 levels correlated with HCC stage,histologic grade,and tumor status,and independently predicted overall and disease-specific survival.SOX11 expression effectively distinguished between tumor and normal liver tissue.Spearman correlations highlighted a significant relationship between SOX11 and ferroptosis-associated genes.Decreased SOX11 levels in HepG2 and HuH7 cells resulted in reduced proliferation and migration.Conclusions:SOX11 was found to represent a promising biomarker within HCC diagnosis and prognosis together with being a possible drug-target.

Relationship between Breakfast and Academic Performance of Primary and Middle School Students in Mianyang City

In order to understand the relationship between breakfast frequency and academic performance of grade 5 and grade 8 students, we conducted an investigation through a multistage cluster sampling design with 16,840 students (8017 5th graders and 8823 8th graders) from Mianyang city. Results show that: 1) 71.3% of fifth graders and 59.7% of eighth graders had breakfast every day of the week, and 9.7% of fifth graders and 7.5% of eighth graders had breakfast three times or less per week. 2) The number of times students eat breakfast per week has a significant impact on their comprehensive academic performance, which is reflected in the trend that the more times students eat breakfast, the better their overall academic performance is. Based on this, in order to help students eat breakfast more often, and further improve students’ academic performance, we will strengthen the publicity and education of students’ breakfast knowledge from multiple perspectives.

POSS-NH_(2)/多巴胺共修饰氧化石墨烯制备水性环氧复合涂层及其耐腐蚀性能

以γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)水解缩合反应合成氨基化笼型倍半硅氧烷(POSS-NH_(2));再利用多巴胺通过自聚合优势涂覆在GO表面上,制得功能化氧化石墨烯(PGO);最后通过席夫碱反应将POSS-NH_(2)接枝到PGO以实现其共价功能化,制得PGO-POSS复合材料,用于制备水性环氧复合涂料。产物的结构经红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射分析和扫描电镜证实,POSS-NH_(2)成功接枝到PGO表面。通过电化学、盐雾实验对水性环氧涂层的防腐性能进行测定,结果表明,当添加1%PGO-POSS时(添加量以环氧树脂和固化剂总质量为基准,下同)的水性环氧防腐涂层具有最优异的耐腐蚀性,缓蚀效率可达到99.72%,与纯EP相比,腐蚀电流密度从112202 n A/cm^(2)减小至316 nA/cm^(2)、腐蚀电压从-0.58 V升高至-0.17 V、低频阻抗值提高了约4个数量级。

氧化石墨烯包裹聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯微球用于增强水性环氧树脂的防腐性能

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)自由基聚合反应合成聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(PGMA);利用生物基原料赖氨酸(Ly)作为桥梁,将氧化石墨烯(GO)与PGMA连接,合成表面包裹氧化石墨烯的PGMA微球PLGO,用于制备水性环氧复合涂料。产物结构经红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析,结果表明,GO成功包裹PGMA微球;采用电化学、盐雾试验对水性环氧涂层的防腐性能进行分析,结果表明,当添加质量分数0.3%的PLGO时,水性环氧防腐涂层具有最优异的耐腐蚀性,缓蚀效率可达到86.46%,与纯EP相比,腐蚀电流密度从2478.75 nA/cm^(2)降至335.46 nA/cm^(2),腐蚀电压从-0.88 V升高至-0.53 V,低频阻抗值提高约4个数量级。

In uence of Particle Size on Laser Absorption and Scanning Track Formation Mechanisms of Pure Tungsten Powder During Selective Laser Melting

A three-dimensional laser absorption model based on ray tracing was established to describe the coupled interaction of a laser beam with particles in the powder layers of pure tungsten(W)material processed by selective laser melting(SLM).The influence of particle size on the powder-to-laser absorptivity and underlying absorption behavior was investigated.An intrinsic relationship between the absorption,distribution of absorbed irradiance within the powder layers,and surface morphology and geometric characteristics(e.g.,contact angle,width and height of tracks,and remelted depth)of the laser scanning tracks is presented here.Simulation conclusions indicate that the absorptivity of the powder layers considerably exceeds the single powder particle value or the dense solid material value.With an increase in particle size,the powder layer absorbs less laser energy.The maximum absorptivity of theWpowder layers reached 0.6030 at the particle size of 5 lm.The distribution of laser irradiance on the particle surface was sensitive to particle size,azimuthal angle,and the position of the powder particles on the substrate.The maximum irradiance in the powder layers decreased from 1.117×10^–3 to 0.85×10^–3W·μm^-2 and the contour of the irradiance distribution in the center of the irradiated area gradually contracted when the particle size increased from 5 to 45 lm.An experimental study on the surface morphologies and cross-sectional geometric characteristics of SLM-fabricated W material was performed,and the experimental results validated the mechanisms of the powder-to-laser-absorption behavior that were obtained in simulations.This work provides a scientific basis for the application of the ray-tracing model to predict the wetting and spreading ability of melted tracks during SLM additive manufacturing in order to yield a sound laser processability.

Hybrid-Traffic-Detour Based Load Balancing for Onboard Routing in LEO Satellite Networks

To deal with the dynamic and imbalanced traffic requirements in Low Earth Orbit satellite networks, several distributed load balancing routing schemes have been proposed. However, because of the lack of global view, these schemes may lead to cascading congestion in regions with high volume of traffic. To solve this problem, a Hybrid-Traffic-Detour based Load Balancing Routing(HLBR) scheme is proposed, where a Long-Distance Traffic Detour(LTD) method is devised and coordinates with distributed traffic detour method to perform self-adaptive load balancing. The forwarding path of LTD is acquired by the Circuitous Multipath Calculation(CMC) based on prior geographical information, and activated by the LTDShift-Trigger(LST) through real-time congestion perception. Simulation results show that the HLBR can mitigate cascading congestion and achieve efficient traffic distribution.

Studies on Reducing Nitrogen Excretion: Ⅰ. Net Energy Requirement of Finishing Pigs Maximizing Performance and Carcass Quality Fed Low Crude Protein Diets Supplemented with Crystalline Amino Acids

Two experiments were conducted to in- vestigate the effects of net energy （NE） level on the performance and carcass traits of finishing pigs fed low crude protein （CP） diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids （CAA）. A total of 216 （Exp. 1） and 360 （Exp. 2 ） barrows （ Yorkshire × Landrace× Duroc ） were allotted to one of six treatments （n =6）. The experimental diets were based on corn and soybean meal, and consisted of a high-CP diet that contained approximately 16% CP and 2.50 Mcal/kg of NE as well as five low-CP diets in which the CP level of the diet was reduced by approximately four percentage units but was supplemented with crystalline lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan. The low CP diets provided 2.64, 2.58, 2.50, 2.42, or 2.36 Mcal/kg in Exp. 1 as well as 2.45, 2.40, 2.35, 2.30, or 2.25 Mcai/kg in Exp.2. In Exp. 1, a linear （P=0.03） increase in weight gain was observed with decreasing NE level while the ratio of gain to feed was unaffect- ed （P 〉 0.05） by NE level. There was a linear in-crease （P = 0.01 ） in the percentage of fat-free lean and a linear decrease （ P = 0.03 ） in the percentage of total fat with decreasing NE levels. In Exp. 2, a sig- nificant quadratic （ P = 0.03 ） effect of NE level was observed for weight gain. The ratio of gain to feed demonstrated a significant （P 〈0.01 ） quadratic effect with pigs fed 2.35 and 2.40 Mcal/kg of NE, Pigs fed the diet containing 2.40 Mcal/kg of NE had the lowest percentage of total fat （36. 95% ） and the highest percentage of fat-free lean （49.36%）. The overall results of these experiments indicate that feed- ing either a surplus or a deficiency of NE is detrimen- tal to both pig performance and carcass composition when low CP diets supplemented with CAA are fed. Our results indicate that when the CP content of the diet is reduced by four percentage units and the diet is properly supplemented with CAA, maximum per- formance and carcass quality will be obtained if the diet provides approximately 2.42 Mcal/kg of NE.

The effect of Al3+ coordination structure on the propane dehydrogenation activity of Pt/Ga/Al2O3 catalysts

The effect of the Al2O3 structure on the performance of Pt/Ga/Al2O3 catalysts is investigated for the direct dehydrogenation of propane. The study unveils that the structure of Al3+determines the bulk structure of catalysts, particularly a high content of coordinatively unsaturated Al3+sites(penta-coordinated Al3+,denoted as Al3+penta) could lead to a remarkably improved dehydrogenation activity of the catalyst. The bulk characterization reveals that the sufficient amount of Al3+pentain Al2O3 benefit the dispersion of Pt and Ga2O3 on the Al2O3 support. At the same time, TPR results reveal that the presence of Pt facilitates the reduction of Ga2O3, likely due to the hydrogen spillover between the well dispersed Pt and Ga2O3,which consequently enhances the synergistic function between Pt and Ga2O3 in the dehydrogenation of propane. Recyclability tests demonstrate that the dehydrogenation activity stabilizes after three cycles over the Pt/Ga/Al2O3 catalyst.

Nucleobase-crosslinked poly(2-oxazoline) nanoparticles as paclitaxel carriers with enhanced stability and ultra-high drug loading capacity for breast cancer therapy

Poly(2-oxazoline)(POx)has been regarded as a potential candidate for drug delivery carrier to meet the challenges of nanomedicine clinical translation,due to its excellent biocompatibility and self-assembly properties.The drug loading capacity and stability of amphiphilic POxs as drug nanocarriers,however,tend to be insufficient.Herein,we report a strategy to prepare nucleobase-crosslinked POx nanoparticles(NPs)with enhanced stability and ultra-high paclitaxel(PTX)loading capacity for breast cancer therapy.An amphiphilic amine-functionalized POx(PMBEOx-NH_(2))was firstly prepared through a click reaction between cysteamines and vinyl groups in poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-block-poly(2–butyl–2-oxazoline-co-2-butenyl-2-oxazoline)(PMBEOx).Complementary nucleobase-pairs adenine(A)and uracil(U)were subsequently conjugated to PMBEOx-NH2 to give functional POxs(POxA and POxU),respectively.Due to the nucleobase interactions formed between A and U,NPs formed by POxA and POxU at a molar ratio of 1:1 displayed ultrahigh PTX loading capacity(38.2%,PTX/POxA@U),excellent stability,and reduced particle size compared to the uncross-linked PTX-loaded NPs(PTX/PMBEOx).Besides the prolonged blood circulation and enhanced tumor accumulation,the smaller PTX/POxA@U NPs also have better tumor penetration ability compared with PTX/PMBEOx,thus leading to a higher tumor suppression rate in two murine breast cancer models(E0711 and 4T1).These results proved that the therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs could be improved remarkably through a reasonable optimization of nanocarriers.

Dual-Branch-UNet: A Dual-Branch Convolutional Neural Network for Medical Image Segmentation

In intelligent perception and diagnosis of medical equipment,the visual and morphological changes in retinal vessels are closely related to the severity of cardiovascular diseases(e.g.,diabetes and hypertension).Intelligent auxiliary diagnosis of these diseases depends on the accuracy of the retinal vascular segmentation results.To address this challenge,we design a Dual-Branch-UNet framework,which comprises a Dual-Branch encoder structure for feature extraction based on the traditional U-Net model for medical image segmentation.To be more explicit,we utilize a novel parallel encoder made up of various convolutional modules to enhance the encoder portion of the original U-Net.Then,image features are combined at each layer to produce richer semantic data and the model’s capacity is adjusted to various input images.Meanwhile,in the lower sampling section,we give up pooling and conduct the lower sampling by convolution operation to control step size for information fusion.We also employ an attentionmodule in the decoder stage to filter the image noises so as to lessen the response of irrelevant features.Experiments are verified and compared on the DRIVE and ARIA datasets for retinal vessels segmentation.The proposed Dual-Branch-UNet has proved to be superior to other five typical state-of-the-art methods.

A Differential Privacy Based (k-Ψ)-Anonymity Method for Trajectory Data Publishing

In recent years,mobile Internet technology and location based services have wide application.Application providers and users have accumulated huge amount of trajectory data.While publishing and analyzing user trajectory data have brought great convenience for people,the disclosure risks of user privacy caused by the trajectory data publishing are also becoming more and more prominent.Traditional k-anonymous trajectory data publishing technologies cannot effectively protect user privacy against attackers with strong background knowledge.For privacy preserving trajectory data publishing,we propose a differential privacy based(k-Ψ)-anonymity method to defend against re-identification and probabilistic inference attack.The proposed method is divided into two phases:in the first phase,a dummy-based(k-Ψ)-anonymous trajectory data publishing algorithm is given,which improves(k-δ)-anonymity by considering changes of thresholdδon different road segments and constructing an adaptive threshold setΨthat takes into account road network information.In the second phase,Laplace noise regarding distance of anonymous locations under differential privacy is used for trajectory perturbation of the anonymous trajectory dataset outputted by the first phase.Experiments on real road network dataset are performed and the results show that the proposed method improves the trajectory indistinguishability and achieves good data utility in condition of preserving user privacy.

How can the Dual-atom Catalyst FeCo-NC Surpass Singleatom Catalysts Fe-NC/Co-NC in CO_(2) RR?-CO Intermediate Assisted Promotion via a Synergistic Effect

Atomically dispersed catalysts are widely adopted in CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)due to maximal atomic utilization and high catalytic activity.Dual-atom catalysts(DACs),with more dispersed active sites and distinct electronic structures compared with single-atom catalysts(SACs),may exhibit diverse catalytic performance.Herein,the DAC FeCo-NC and SAC Fe-NC/Co-NC are employed as probes to explore DACs advantage in CO_(2)RR.Results show that the moderate interaction between the dual-atom center and N coordination balances structural stability and catalytic activity.CO is the only product on Fe-NC/Co-NC,and the high limiting potentials from−1.22 to−1.67 V inhibit further reduction.FeCo-NC assisted with CO intermediate exhibits low limiting potentials of−0.64 V for both CH_(3)OH and CH 4,comparable to those on Cu-based catalysts.Under circumstance of applied potentials,CO_(2)RR on FeCo-NC has greater advantages in yielding CH_(3)OH and CH 4 than that on Fe-NC/Co-NC,and hydrogen evolution reaction is severely inhibited.The intrinsic essence is that dual-atom center can provide large spin-polarization and multi-electron transfer capability,rendering CO intermediates as effective electronic and geometric modifiers in CO_(2)RR.This work highlights FeCo-NC as a high-performance CO_(2)RR catalyst toward deep-reduction C1 products and elucidates CO intermediate assisted promotion mechanism via a dual-atom synergistic effect.

Mutagenic Effects of Plasma Implantation on Scion of Jujube Tree

[ Objective ] This study aimed to explore and master the plasma implantation mutagenesis technology for jujube scion and find a new way to breed crack- ing-resistant fruit materials of jujube with ideal comprehensive characteristics. [ Method] A new technical means of plasma implantation mutagenesis was adopted for mutagenic treatment of famous jujube varieties Chun Date and Huping Date by implantation with nitrogen and argon plasma; subsequent grafting investigation was conducted. [ Result] The results showed that both nitrogen and argon plasma implantation could lead to mutation. With the same implantation dose, the mutation rate of jujube samples treated with argon plasma was significantly higher than nitrogen plasma; favorable mutations were mostly in jujube samples treated with argon plasma. Based on the grafting survival rate and mutation rate of jujube samples treated by plasma implantation, the optimal implantation dose of nitrogen and argon plasma for jujube scion was determined as （6 × 10^16 -8 × 10^16 ）/cm2 （number of ions per square centimeter）, the optimal implantation rate was 10 mA× 28 kV, and the optimal pulse intermittent duty cycle was 60%. According to survey results, jujube scion after mutagenic treatment with plasma implantation had a wide range of mutations in the growth rate, flowering and fruit-setting, leaf shape, fruit shape and growth period （maturity）. After four years of consecutive trials, a high-yield material with high fruit-setting rate and low fruit-cracking rate and two significantly cracking-resistant materials with growth period postponed by 10 - 15 d were obtained. [ Conclusion] This study provided new variant materials with cracking resistance and ideal comprehensive characteristics and explored new ways for the prevention and control of major disasters in jujube industry

Experimental Study on Chloride Ion Penetration Resistance of Coal Gangue Concrete under Multi-Factor Comprehensive Action

In order to investigate the chloride ion penetration resistance of coal gangue concrete under multi-factor comprehensive action, the non-steady-state accelerated chloride ion migration test was used to test the chloride diffusion law of coal gangue concrete specimens by crack width, curing temperature and water-cement ratio. Three groups of crack width (0 mm, 0.05 - 0.12 mm, 0.12 - 0.2 mm), three curing temperatures (high temperature 45, medium temperature 25, low temperature 10), three water cement ratios (0.3, 0.4, 0.5) were set in the experiment. The results show that when the curing temperature and water cement ratio are constant, the crack width less than 0.12 mm has little effect on the chloride content and chloride diffusion coefficient. When the crack width is larger than 0.12 mm, the chloride penetration depth increases with the crack width. The resistance to chloride ion penetration of gangue concrete is greatly influenced by the water cement ratio. The influ-ence degree of three factors on chloride ion migration coefficient of gangue concrete is as follows: water cement ratio > crack width > curing temperature.

Characteristics of wheel-rail vibration of the vertical section in high-speed railways

In order to analyze the characteristics of wheel-rail vibration of the vertical section in a high-speed railway, a vehicle-line dynamics model is established using the dynamics software SIMPACK. Through this model, the paper analyzes the influence of vertical section parameters, including vertical section slope and vertical curve radius, on wheel-rail dynamics interaction and the acting region of wheel-rail vibration. In addition, the characteristics of wheel- rail vibration of the vertical section under different velocities are investigated. The results show that the variation of wheel load is not sensitive to the vertical section slope but is greatly affected by the vertical curve radius. It was also observed that the smaller the vertical curve radius is, the more severe the interaction between the wheel and rail be- comes. Furthermore, the acting region of wheel-rail vibration expands with the vertical curve radius increasing. On another note, it is necessary to match the slope and vertical curve radius reasonably, on account of the influence of operation speed on the characteristics of wheel-rail vibration. This is especially important at the design stage of vertical sec- tions for lines of different grades.

The Negative Influence of Chinese L1 on English L2 Writing

L1 is,generally,believed to affect the acquisition of second language negatively.Because there is likely to be a negative transfer form L1 to L2,when the learner lacks sufficient knowledge for communicating his or her ideas in L2 and then draw upon the L1.The transfer includes both positive and negative transfer.However,the role of L1 is more often viewed as negative,causing negative transfer that results in a variety of errors.Generally,English and Chinese do not have many of the shared syntactical features.Hence the syntactic transfer is predictable when using the L2.This may lead to such errors as those in the noun phrase,in the verb phrase and various omissions.This paper analyses those errors in English writing,which represent the negative syntactic transfer from Chinese to English.Moreover,it discusses in details the particular causes for that transfer and propose improving the awareness of the syntactic distinction between these two languages in Chinese students.

High-resolution recognition of FOAM modes via an improved EfficientNet V2 based convolutional neural network

Vortex beam with fractional orbital angular momentum (FOAM) is the excellent candidate for improving the capacity of free-space optical (FSO) communication system due to its infinite modes. Therefore, the recognition of FOAM modes with higher resolution is always of great concern. In this work, through an improved EfficientNetV2 based convolutional neural network (CNN), we experimentally achieve the implementation of the recognition of FOAM modes with a resolution as high as 0.001. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time this high resolution has been achieved. Under the strong atmospheric turbulence (AT) (C_(n)^(2)=10^(-15)m^(-2/3)), the recognition accuracy of FOAM modes at 0.1 and 0.01 resolution with our model is up to 99.12% and 92.24% for a long transmission distance of 2000 m. Even for the resolution at 0.001, the recognition accuracy can still remain at 78.77%. This work provides an effective method for the recognition of FOAM modes, which may largely improve the channel capacity of the free-space optical communication.

抗原改造联合纳米肿瘤疫苗用以克服肿瘤新抗原短缺及在多种肿瘤类型上激起强效抗肿瘤免疫反应

Neoantigen cancer vaccines have been envisioned as one of the most promising means for cancer therapies.However,identifying neoantigens for tumor types with low tumor mutation burdens continues to limit the effectiveness of neoantigen vaccines.Herein,we proposed a "hit-and-run" vaccine strategy which primes T cells to attack tumor cells decorated with exogenous "neo-antigens".This vaccine strategy utilizes a peptide nanovaccine to elicit antigen-specific T cell responses after tumor-specific decoration with a nanocarrier containing the same peptide antigens.We demonstrated that a poly(2-oxazoline)s(POx) conjugated with OVA_(257-264) peptide through a matrix metalloprotease 2(MMP-2) sensitive linker could efficiently and selectively decorate tumor cells with OVA peptides in vivo.Then,a POx-based nanovaccine containing OVA_(257-264) peptides to elicit OVA-specific T cell responses was designed.In combination with this hit-and-run vaccine system,an effective vaccine therapy was demonstrated across tumor types even without OVA antigen expression.This approach provides a promising and uniform vaccine strategy against tumors with a low tumor mutation burden.

Strategies on biosynthesis and production of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants

Medicinal plants are a valuable source of essential medicines and herbal products for healthcare and disease therapy.Compared with chemical synthesis and extraction,the biosynthesis of natural products is a very promising alternative for the successful conservation of medicinal plants,and its rapid development will greatly facilitate the conservation and sustainable utilization of medicinal plants.Here,we summarize the advances in strategies and methods concerning the biosynthesis and production of natural products of medicinal plants.The strategies and methods mainly include genetic engineering,plant cell culture engineering,metabolic engineering,and synthetic biology based on multiple“OMICS”technologies,with paradigms for the biosynthesis of terpenoids and alkaloids.We also highlight the biosynthetic approaches and discuss progress in the production of some valuable natural products,exemplifying compounds such as vindoline(alkaloid),artemisinin and paclitaxel(terpenoids),to illustrate the power of biotechnology in medicinal plants.