在复杂水土荷载服役环境下,水工岩土结构极易发生潜蚀灾变,诱发建筑物失效灾变。采用计算流体力学-离散元耦合方法(computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method,简称CFD-DEM),针对土石坝、边坡等工程中广泛存在的不良级配土...在复杂水土荷载服役环境下,水工岩土结构极易发生潜蚀灾变,诱发建筑物失效灾变。采用计算流体力学-离散元耦合方法(computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method,简称CFD-DEM),针对土石坝、边坡等工程中广泛存在的不良级配土,考虑3种细颗粒含量和3种颗粒形态研究了不良级配砂潜蚀过程;通过分析颗粒迁移轨迹、位移和接触数等,从细观角度阐明了潜蚀过程中细颗粒运动特征,并将颗粒的迁移效应划分为阻塞、脱空、迂回和冲脱4种;通过统计分析整个过程迁移效应的演变发现,潜蚀启动初期细颗粒多数处于脱空状态,随后在渗流作用下颗粒逐渐相互接触,脱空效应占比急剧下降,造成颗粒的迂回和冲脱组成的其他非稳态逐渐上升,随后运动的颗粒逐渐被其他颗粒约束,颗粒的阻塞率上升,最终绝大部分颗粒处于阻塞状态,试样最终达到稳态。展开更多
The stacking and aggregation of graphene nanosheets have been obstacles to their application as electrode materials for microelectronic devices.This study deploys a one-step,scalable,facile electrochemical exfoliation...The stacking and aggregation of graphene nanosheets have been obstacles to their application as electrode materials for microelectronic devices.This study deploys a one-step,scalable,facile electrochemical exfoliation technique to fabricate nitrogen(N)and chlorine(Cl)co-doped graphene nanosheets(i.e.,N-Cl-G)via the application of constant voltage on graphite in a mixture of 0.1 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4)and 0.1 mol/L NH_(4)Cl without using dangerous and exhaustive operation.The introduction of Cl(with its large radius)and N,both with high electrical negativity,facilitates the modulation of the electronic structure of graphene and creation of rich structural defects in it.Consequently,in the as-constructed supercapacitors,N-Cl-G exhibits a high specific capacitance of 77 F/g at 0.2 A/g and remarkable cycling stability with 91.7%retention of initial capacitance after 20,000 cycles at 10 A/g.Furthermore,a symmetrical supercapacitor assembled with N-Cl-G as the positive and negative electrodes(denoted as N-Cl-G//N-Cl-G)exhibits an energy density of 3.38 Wh/kg at a power density of 600 W/kg and superior cycling stability with almost no capacitance loss after 5000 cycles at 5 A/g.This study provides a scalable protocol for the facile fabrication of high-performance co-doped graphene as an electrode material candidate for supercapacitors.展开更多
文摘土壤盐渍化严重影响大豆品质与产量,筛选耐盐大豆资源对开展盐碱地综合利用意义重大。为建立大豆苗期耐盐鉴定评价体系,设置淡水和NaCl含量为0.9%~1.8%的10个等差梯度,以蛭石为培养基质,大豆2片真叶始现时开始盐处理。结果表明, 1.2%盐处理16 d时,不同大豆种质资源耐盐等级四分位差值最大,是大豆苗期耐盐鉴定评价的最适条件。利用大豆苗期耐盐鉴定评价体系对来自国内外的504份大豆种质资源进行苗期耐盐性鉴定评价,耐盐等级为1级、2级、3级、4级、5级的大豆资源依次为46份、146份、157份、79份、76份。利用GmSALT3基因的分子标记对1级耐盐资源进行检测,其中40份(86.96%)大豆材料扩增结果与GmSALT3基因的分子标记结果相符合。为分析大豆苗期鉴定过程中盐胁迫浓度的变化趋势,确立了土壤含盐量(Y,%)与电导率(X,mScm^(–1))的回归方程:Y=0.278X–0.0618,预测精准度在95%以上。测定统计了从盐处理开始至调查结束时的培养基质含盐量变化趋势,培养基质含盐量基本维持在13 mS cm^(–1)左右。本研究为大豆苗期规模化耐盐性鉴定和培育耐盐新种质提供了技术体系和基础材料。
文摘在复杂水土荷载服役环境下,水工岩土结构极易发生潜蚀灾变,诱发建筑物失效灾变。采用计算流体力学-离散元耦合方法(computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method,简称CFD-DEM),针对土石坝、边坡等工程中广泛存在的不良级配土,考虑3种细颗粒含量和3种颗粒形态研究了不良级配砂潜蚀过程;通过分析颗粒迁移轨迹、位移和接触数等,从细观角度阐明了潜蚀过程中细颗粒运动特征,并将颗粒的迁移效应划分为阻塞、脱空、迂回和冲脱4种;通过统计分析整个过程迁移效应的演变发现,潜蚀启动初期细颗粒多数处于脱空状态,随后在渗流作用下颗粒逐渐相互接触,脱空效应占比急剧下降,造成颗粒的迂回和冲脱组成的其他非稳态逐渐上升,随后运动的颗粒逐渐被其他颗粒约束,颗粒的阻塞率上升,最终绝大部分颗粒处于阻塞状态,试样最终达到稳态。
基金supported by National Science Foundation of China(No.52201254)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2020MB090,ZR2020MB027,and ZR2020QE012)+1 种基金the project of“20 Items of University”of Jinan(No.202228046)the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202306226)。
文摘The stacking and aggregation of graphene nanosheets have been obstacles to their application as electrode materials for microelectronic devices.This study deploys a one-step,scalable,facile electrochemical exfoliation technique to fabricate nitrogen(N)and chlorine(Cl)co-doped graphene nanosheets(i.e.,N-Cl-G)via the application of constant voltage on graphite in a mixture of 0.1 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4)and 0.1 mol/L NH_(4)Cl without using dangerous and exhaustive operation.The introduction of Cl(with its large radius)and N,both with high electrical negativity,facilitates the modulation of the electronic structure of graphene and creation of rich structural defects in it.Consequently,in the as-constructed supercapacitors,N-Cl-G exhibits a high specific capacitance of 77 F/g at 0.2 A/g and remarkable cycling stability with 91.7%retention of initial capacitance after 20,000 cycles at 10 A/g.Furthermore,a symmetrical supercapacitor assembled with N-Cl-G as the positive and negative electrodes(denoted as N-Cl-G//N-Cl-G)exhibits an energy density of 3.38 Wh/kg at a power density of 600 W/kg and superior cycling stability with almost no capacitance loss after 5000 cycles at 5 A/g.This study provides a scalable protocol for the facile fabrication of high-performance co-doped graphene as an electrode material candidate for supercapacitors.
