教师智能素养评价的国际研究:主体、要素、工具与建议

智能素养已成为智能时代教师开展教育教学活动应具备的基本素养。当前,关于教师智能素养评价方面的研究尚不够成熟,为厘清教师智能素养评价的现状,基于文献分析,从教师智能素养评价的主体、要素、工具等方面出发,对近年来国际上关于教师智能素养评价的实证研究与实践案例进行了梳理,结果发现:教师智能素养评价主体呈现出以政府部门等官方机构为主导的多元化特点;评价要素构成多样又存在共性,包含智能知识、智能能力、智能意识、智能伦理等;评价工具既有结果取向又有过程取向,测评题目形式分为封闭性和开放性两大类。在此基础上,研究者结合国内教师智能素养评价的现实需求及智能化教学实际场景,从主体多元化、要素多样化、工具智能化三个维度,探索教师智能素养评价的实践方向,提出开展分层分类的协同评价、数智驱动的全面评价、精准情境化的追踪评价等建议,以期为教师智能素养评价实践发展提供参考。

Protein Disulfide Isomerase and Its Potential Function on Endoplasmic Reticulum Quality Control in Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

PDI is a molecular chaperone and plays an important role in Endoplasmic Reticulum quality control (ERQC).PDI participates in the refolding of the misfolded/unfolded proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis under differentstresses. However, bioinformatic characteristics and potential functions of PDIs in diatom Phaeodactylumtricornutum (Pt) are still unknown so far. Hence, the genome-wide characteristics of PtPDI proteins in P. tricornutumwere first studied via bioinformatic and transcriptomic methods. 42 PtPDI genes were identified from thegenome of P. tricornutum. The motif, protein structure, classification, number of introns, phylogenetic relationship,and the expression level of 42 PtPDI genes under the tunicamycin stress were analyzed. A pair of tandemduplicated genes (PtPDI15 and PtPDI18) was observed in P. tricornutum. The 42 PtPDIs with different genecharacteristics were divided into three independent clades, indicating different evolutional relationships and functionsof these PtPDIs. The 14 up-regulated PtPDI genes under the tunicamycin treatment might have a positiveeffect on the ER quality control of the unfolded/misfolded proteins, while the 7 down-regulated PtPDIs mightnegatively affect the ERQC. The characteristics of all 42 PtPDIs and their proposed working model here providea comprehensive understanding of the PtPDIs gene family. The differential expression of 21 PtPDIs will be usefulfor further functional study in the ERQC.

智能技术助力跨学科教育: 内在逻辑和创新实践

为推进新时代教育的综合评价改革,培养学生完整人格和核心素养,提升学生综合素质,实施跨学科教学设计显得尤为重要。跨学科教学设计是落实“双减”政策的重要路径。《义务教育课程方案(2022年版)》指出,要用跨学科方式解决真实问题,设立跨学科主题学习活动,加强学科间相互关联,完善跨学科的设计、实施、评价等方面。该研究分别从跨学科创新能力培养、跨学科项目化学习的设计逻辑两个方面出发,阐明智能技术助力跨学科教育的原则与理论逻辑,梳理了AI+跨学科作业创新实践案例和专家观点,指出跨学科创新实践中的现存问题和改进方向,为智能技术赋能跨学科教学与作业设计实践提供了参考。

爱思唯尔报告《人工智能:知识的创造、传递和应用——中国、欧洲和美国的趋势》解读

人工智能作为当前信息技术的最新发展与技术形态,已成为第四次工业革命的显著标签和前沿研究领域,得到业界的极大关注。文章以爱思唯尔发布的《人工智能:知识的创造、传递和应用——中国、欧洲和美国的趋势》研究报告为数据来源,讨论了人工智能定义和研究领域多样性,人工智能在中国、欧洲和美国乃至全球范围内的发展态势,以及人工智能引发的伦理问题等,以期对我国人工智能研究提供启示和借鉴。

Two-Year Observation of Fossil Fuel Carbon Dioxide Spatial Distribution in Xi’an City

The need for atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO2)reduction in the context of global warming is widely acknowledged by the global scientific community.Fossil fuel CO2(CO2ff)emissions occur mainly in cities,and can be monitored directly with radiocarbon(14 C).In this research,annual plants[Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv.]were collected from 26 sites in 2013 and2014 in the central urban district of Xi’an City.The△14C content of the samples were analyzed using a 3 MV Accelerator Mass Spectrometer,and CO2ff concentrations were calculated based on mass balance equations.The results showed that the CO2ff mixing ratio ranged from 15.9 to 25.0 ppm(part per million,equivalent toμmol mol-1),with an average of 20.5 ppm in 2013.The range of measured values became larger in 2014,from 13.9 ppm to 33.1 ppm,with an average of 23.5 ppm.The differences among the average CO2ff concentrations between the central area and outer urban areas were not statistically significant.Although the year-to-year variation of the CO2ff concentration was significant(P<0.01),there was a distinctly low CO2 ff value observed in the northeast corner of the city.CO2 ff emiissions from vehicle exhaust and residential sources appeared to be more significant than two thermal power plants,according to our observed CO2 ff spatial distribution.The variation of pollution source transport recorded in our observations was likely controlled by southwesterly winds.These results could assist in the optimal placement of regional CO2 monitoring stations,and benefit the local government in the implementation of efficient carbon emission reduction measures.

MeshCNN-based BREP to CSG conversion algorithm for 3D CAD models and its application

In the field of neutronics analysis, it is imperative to develop computer-aided modeling technology for Monte Carlo codes to address the increasing complexity of reactor core components by converting 3D CAD model(boundary representation, BREP) to MC model(constructive solid geometry, CSG). Separation-based conversion from BREP to CSG is widely used in computer-aided modeling MC codes because of its high efficiency, reliability, and easy implementation. However, the current separation-based BREP-CSG conversion is poor for processing complex CAD models, and it is necessary to divide a complex model into several simple models before applying the separation-based conversion algorithm, which is time-consuming and tedious. To avoid manual segmentation, this study proposed a MeshCNN-based 3D-shape segmentation algorithm to automatically separate a complex model. The proposed 3D-shape segmentation algorithm was combined with separation-based BREP-CSG conversion algorithms to directly convert complex models.The proposed algorithm was integrated into the computeraided modeling software cosVMPT and validated using the Chinese fusion engineering testing reactor model. The results demonstrate that the MeshCNN-based BREP-CSG conversion algorithm has a better performance and higher efficiency, particularly in terms of CPU time, and the conversion result is more intuitive and consistent with the intention of the modeler.

关于三元母猪种用价值和改善措施的探讨

非洲猪瘟背景下,猪场面临两大难题,一是安全问题,二是种源问题。通过不断提升生物安全等级能够有效保障猪场安全,但种源问题却一时难以解决。在这种特殊背景下,部分猪场开始大胆创新的将三元母猪作为种源进行生产。但是,国内外关于三元母猪种用的资料文献几乎没有,无法形成有效的借鉴。一时之间,关于三元母猪究竟有没有种用价值和如何提高其种用价值成为养猪业的热门话题。文章从三元母猪种用价值、种用劣势和改善措施三个方面进行深入剖析和探讨,旨在为猪场了解和使用三元母猪提供参考。

Bushen Huoxue method combined with ACEI/ARB in treating diabetic kidney disease (stage Ⅲ):A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

Objective:To evaluate the efficiency of Bushen Huoxue method with ACEI/ARB in treating diabetic kidney disease(stageⅢ).Methods:A total of 8 major electronic databases(CNKI,WanFang,VIP,Sinomed,Pubmed,Embase,Cochrane Liberary,Web of Science)were retrieved since the establishment of the database to October 9,2019.Two reviewers extracted data,and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies.The analysis was made by Stata 15.0 and TSA 0.9 softwares.Results:A total of 10 RCT studies were obtained,including 711 patients with diabetic kidney disease of stageⅢ.Meta-analysis showed that the method of Bushen Huoxue with ACEI/ARB could reduce UAER[WMD=-31.24,95%CI(-42.98,-19.51)],β2-GM[WMD=-92.95,95%CI(-166.05,-19.85)],LDL-C[WMD=-0.19,95%CI(0.19,-0.30)].However,there were no significant effect for HbAlc[WMD=-0.08,95%CI(-0.17,-0.00)],Scr[WMD=-12.96,95%CI(-39.82,13.90)],BUN[WMD=-0.14,95%CI(-0.44,0.17)].The result of TSA indicated that the method of Bushen Huoxue with ACEI/ARB was effective in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease of stageⅢ.Conclusion:The study show that the method of Bushen Huoxue with ACEI/ARB can reduce urinary protein,renal tubular injury and LDL-C in patients with diabetic kidney disease of stageⅢ,and had no effect on HbAlc and renal function.But the conclusion of this study needs further research of high quality.

Network security situation and development prospect

Network information security is an important issue mattering national security and sovereignty, social stability, cultural inheritance and development. Its importance is escalating with the accelerated pace of global information. Information security is a comprehensive discipline involving computer science, network technology, communication technology, cryptography, information security technology, applied mathematics, number theory, information theory and other disciplines. It mainly refers to the condition that network hardware, software and system data are protected from destruction, change and divulgation from accidental or malicious reasons so that the system can run continuously and reliably with no interrupted network service.

人工智能时代的知识观审思

当下,新兴信息技术引发了深刻的社会变革,也牵引着人类教育向智慧教育阶段转型和演进。基于人工智能技术的具有深度学习能力的智能机器,丰富了知识的载体与形态,重塑了知识生产与传播的方式,加速并可能彻底改变知识生命周期,或将撼动人类的知识主体地位,知识图景已然发生巨变,倒逼教育教学的深刻变革,对知识观的讨论已经迫在眉睫。文章从内涵、类型等方面勾勒智能时代的新知识观图景。知识从确定性真理走向不确定性“碎片”,从硬知识走向“软”知识、“灰”知识和“暗”知识。知识生产模式也面临从人类到人机群智协同的重大转型。知识表征从人类的认知表征转向智能机器的计算表征。基于智能时代新知识观图景的刻画,文章讨论了智能时代的教学、学习与教师该如何转型以应对变革。

Pattern Differences of Small Hand Muscle Atrophy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Mimic Disorders

Background： Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS） and some mimic disorders, such as distal-type cervical spondylotic amyotrophy （LISA）, Hirayama disease （HD）, and spinobulbar muscular atrophy （SBMA） may present with intrinsic hand muscle atrophy. This study aimed to investigate different patterns of small hand muscle involvement in ALS and some mimic disorders. Methods： We compared the abductor digiti minimi/abductor pollicis brevis （ADM/APB） compound muscle action potential （（＇MAP） ratios between 200 ALS patients, 95 patients with distal-type CSA, 88 HD patients, 43 SBMA patients, and 150 normal controls. Results： The ADM/APB （？MAP amplitude ratio was significantly higher in the ALS patients （P 〈 0.001） than that in the normal controls. The ADM/APB CMAP amplitude ratio was significantly reduced in the patients with distal-type CSA （P 〈 0,001 ） and the H I） patients （P 〈 0.001 ） compared with that in the normal controls. The patients with distal-type CSA had significantly lower APB CMAP amplitude than the HD patients （P- 0.004）. The ADM/APB CMAP amplitude ratio was significantly lower in the HD patients （P 〈 0.001 ） than that in the patients with distal-type CSA. The ADM/APB CMAP amplitude ratio of the SBMA patients was similar to that of the normal controls （P = 0.862）. An absent APB CMAP and an abnormally high ADM/APB CMAP amplitude ratio （_〉4.5） were observed exclusively in the ALS patients. Conclusions： The different patterns of small hand muscle atrophy between the ALS patients and the patients with mimic disorders presumably reflect distinct pathophysiological mechanisms underlying different disorders, and may aid in distinguishing between ALS and mimic disorders.

Role of nitric oxide in the genotoxic response to chronic microcystin-LR exposure in human–hamster hybrid cells

Microcystin-LR （MC-LR） is the most abundant and toxic microcystin congener and has been classified as a potential human carcinogen （Group 2B） by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the genotoxic effects of MC-LR during chronic exposure are still poorly understood. In the present study, human-hamster hybrid （AL） cells were exposed to MC-LR for varying lengths of time to investigate the role of nitrogen radicals in MC-LR-induced genotoxicity. The mutagenic potential at the CD59 locus was more than 2-fold higher （p 〈 0.01） in AL ceUs exposed to a cytotoxic concentration （1 μmol/L） of MC-LR for 30 days than in untreated control ceils, which was consistent with the formation of micronucleus. MC-LR caused a dose-dependent increase in nitric oxide （NO） production in treated cells. Moreover, this was blocked by concurrent treatment with the NO synthase inhibitor NC-methyl-L-arginine （L-NMMA）, which suppressed MC-LR- induced mutations as well. The survival of mitochondrial DNA-depleted （pO） AL ceils was markedly decreased by MC-LR treatment compared to that in AL cells, while the CD59 mutant fraction was unaltered. These results provided clear evidence that the genotoxicity associated with chronic MC-LR exposure in mammalian cells was mediated by NO and might be considered as a basis for the development of therapeutics that prevent carcinogenesis.