Grain size is a key factor influencing grain weight in rice.In this study,a chromosome segment substitution line(CSSL9-17)was identified,that exhibits a significant reduction in both grain size and weight compared to ...Grain size is a key factor influencing grain weight in rice.In this study,a chromosome segment substitution line(CSSL9-17)was identified,that exhibits a significant reduction in both grain size and weight compared to its donor parent 93-11.Further investigation identified two quantitative trait loci(QTL)on chromosome 11,designated qGW11a and qGW11b,which contribute to 1000-grain weight with an additive effect.LOC_Os11g05690,encoding the amino acid permease OsCAT8,is the target gene of qGW11a.Overexpression of OsCAT8 resulted in decreased grain weight,while OsCAT8 knockout mutants exhibited increased grain weight.The 287-bp located within the OsCAT8 promoter region of 93-11 negatively regulates its activity,which is subsequently correlated with an increase in grain size and weight.These results suggest that OsCAT8 functions as a negative regulator of grain size and grain weight in rice.展开更多
Amycolatopsis mediterranei is used for industry-scale production of rifamycin, which plays a vital role in antimyco- bacterial therapy. As the first sequenced genome of the genus Amycolatopsis, the chromosome of strai...Amycolatopsis mediterranei is used for industry-scale production of rifamycin, which plays a vital role in antimyco- bacterial therapy. As the first sequenced genome of the genus Amycolatopsis, the chromosome of strain U32 comprising 10 236 715 base pairs, is one of the largest prokaryotic genomes ever sequenced so far. Unlike the linear topology found in streptomycetes, this chromosome is circular, particularly similar to that of Saccharopolyspora erythraea and Nocardia farcinica, representing their close relationship in phylogeny and taxonomy. Although the predicted 9 228 protein-coding genes in the A. mediterranei genome shared the greatest number of orthologs with those of S. erythraea, it was unexpectedly followed by Streptomyces coelicolor rather than N. farcinica, indicating the distinct metabolic characteristics evolved via adaptation to diverse ecological niches. Besides a core region analogous to that common in streptomycetes, a novel ＇quasicore＇ with typical core characteristics is defined within the non-core region, where 21 out of the total 26 gene clusters for secondary metabolite production are located. The rifamycin biosynthesis gene cluster located in the core encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme essential for the conversion of rifamycin SV to B, revealed by comparing to the highly homologous cluster of the rifamycin B-producing strain S699 and further confirmed by genetic complementation. The genomic information of A. mediterranei demonstrates a metabolic network orchestrated not only for extensive utilization of various carbon sources and inorganic nitrogen compounds but also for effective funneling of metabolic intermediates into the secondary antibiotic synthesis process under the control of a seemingly complex regulatory mechanism.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3-K),protein kinase B(PKB)and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta(GSK-3β)in skeletal muscle tissue of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods:A to...Objective:To analyze the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3-K),protein kinase B(PKB)and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta(GSK-3β)in skeletal muscle tissue of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods:A total of 90 cases of pregnant women were divided into observation group and control group according to the occurrence of GDM with 45 cases in either,and the expression of PI3-K,PKB,GSK-3βmRNA expression in skeletal muscle tissue was compared between two groups.Results:The total PI3-K p85 protein was significantly higher in the observation group compared with the control group,the activity of PI3-K was lower than that of the latter;The total PKB,GSK-3βprotein in skeletal tissue had no significant difference between two groups,while the serine phosphorylation levels of PKB and GSK-3βwere significantly lower in observation group compared with the control group.Conclusions:The downregulation of PI3-K,PKB and GSK-3βin skeletal tissue of GDM caused by phosphorylation dysfunction of signaling molecules is the reason for insulin resistance and transporter function decline which lead to GDM.展开更多
We report a nanocarbon material with nanodiamond(ND) core and graphene shell(ND@G) as a support for Pd nanocatalysts. The designed catalyst performed good selectivity of styrene(85.2%) at full conversion of phenylacet...We report a nanocarbon material with nanodiamond(ND) core and graphene shell(ND@G) as a support for Pd nanocatalysts. The designed catalyst performed good selectivity of styrene(85.2%) at full conversion of phenylacetylene and superior stability under mild conditions. Supported Pd catalysts are characterized by means of high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM), Raman, X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and H2 temperature-programmed reduction(H2-TPR).The results clearly show that formation of the strong metal-support interaction(SMSI) between Pd nanoclusters and the defective graphene shell helpfully modifies the selectivity and stability of the Pd-based catalysts.展开更多
Given the crucial role of land surface processes in global and regional climates, there is a pressing need to test and verify the performance of land surface models via comparisons to observations. In this study, the ...Given the crucial role of land surface processes in global and regional climates, there is a pressing need to test and verify the performance of land surface models via comparisons to observations. In this study, the eddy covariance measurements from 20 FLUXNET sites spanning more than 100 site-years were utilized to evaluate the performance of the Common Land Model （CoLM） over different vegetation types in various climate zones. A decomposition method was employed to separate both the observed and simulated energy fluxes, i.e., the sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, net radiation, and ground heat flux, at three timescales ranging from stepwise （30 rain） to monthly. A comparison between the simulations and observations indicated that CoLM produced satisfactory simulations of all four energy fluxes, although the different indexes did not exhibit consistent results among the different fluxes, A strong agreement between the simulations and observations was found for the seasonal cycles at the 20 sites, whereas CoLM underestimated the latent heat flux at the sites with distinct dry and wet seasons, which might be associated with its weakness in simulating soil water during the dry season. CoLM cannot explicitly simulate the midday depression of leaf gas exchange, which may explain why CoLM also has a maximum diurnal bias at noon in the summer. Of the eight selected vegetation types analyzed, CoLM performs best for evergreen broadleaf forests and worst for croplands and wetlands.展开更多
The interaction potential index IPI（X） of 16 Br, C1, I, NO2, CN, CHO, COOH, CH3, CH： kinds of substituents X （X---OH, SH, NH2, ：CH2, C-CH, Ph, COCH3, COOCH3） were proposed, which are derived from the experimenta...The interaction potential index IPI（X） of 16 Br, C1, I, NO2, CN, CHO, COOH, CH3, CH： kinds of substituents X （X---OH, SH, NH2, ：CH2, C-CH, Ph, COCH3, COOCH3） were proposed, which are derived from the experimental enthalpies of formation △fHФ （g） values of monosubstituted straight-chain alkanes. Based on the IPI（X） and polarizability effect index, a simple and effective model was constructed to estimate the △fHФ （g） values of monosubstituted alkanes RX （including the branched derivatives）. The present model takes into account not only the contributions of the alkyl R and the substituent X, but also the contribution of the interaction between R and X. Its stability and prediction ability was confirmed by the results of leave-one-out method. Compared with previous reported studies, the obtained equation can be used to estimate enthalpies of formation for much more kinds of monosubstituted alkanes with less parameters. Thus, it is recommended for the calculation of the △fHФ（g） for the RX.展开更多
Grain number per panicle (GNP) is a complex trait controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL),directly determining grain yield in rice.Identifying GNP-associated QTL is desirable for increasing rice yield.A rice chrom...Grain number per panicle (GNP) is a complex trait controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL),directly determining grain yield in rice.Identifying GNP-associated QTL is desirable for increasing rice yield.A rice chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL),F771,which showed increased panicle length and GNP,was identified in a set of CSSLs derived from a cross between two indica cultivars,R498 (recipient) and WY11327 (donor).Genetic analysis showed that the panicle traits in F771 were semidominant and controlled by multiple QTL.Six QTL were consistently identified by QTL-seq analysis.Among them,the major QTL q PLN10 for panicle length and GNP was localized to a 121-kb interval between markers N802 and N909 on chromosome 10.Based on quantitative real-time PCR and sequence analysis,TAWAWA1(TAW1),a known regulator of rice inflorescence architecture,was identified as the candidate gene for q PLN10.A near-isogenic line,NIL-TAW1,was developed to evaluate its effects.In comparison with the recurrent parent R498,NIL-TAW1 showed increased panicle length (14.0%),number of secondary branches (20.9%) and GNP (22.0%),and the final grain yield per plant of NIL-TAW1 was increased by18.6%.Transgenic experiments showed that an appropriate expression level of TAW1 was necessary for panicle development.Haplotype analysis suggested that the favorable F771-type (Hap 13) of TAW1was introduced from aus accessions and had great potential value in high-yield breeding both in indica and japonica varieties.Our results provide a promising genetic resource for rice grain yield improvement.展开更多
Objective：To study the possibility of natural hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite on repairing bone defects. Methods：We developed a natural hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite that could be molded into any desired shape...Objective：To study the possibility of natural hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite on repairing bone defects. Methods：We developed a natural hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite that could be molded into any desired shape. The powder component consists of natural hydroxyapatite, which is epurated from bone of pigs. The liquid component consists of malic acid and chitosan. Operations were performed on the left tibias of 15 white rabbits to create two square bone defects. One of the defects was reconstructed with the composite, while the other was not repaired and used as a blank control. Three of the animals were killed at the end of 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks respectively and implants were evaluated anatomically and histologically. Results：No apparent rejection reaction was found, except for a mild inflammatory infiltration observed 2 weeks after surgery. Fibrous tissue became thinner 2 -8 weeks after surgery and bony connections were detected 12 weeks after surgery. The new bone was the same as the recipient bone by the 16th postoperative week. Conclusion：The hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite has good biocompatibility and osteoconduction. It is a potential repairing material for clinical application.展开更多
The prediction of precipitation depends on accurate modeling of terrestrial transpiration.In recent decades,the trait-based plant hydraulic stress scheme has been developed in land surface models,in order to better pr...The prediction of precipitation depends on accurate modeling of terrestrial transpiration.In recent decades,the trait-based plant hydraulic stress scheme has been developed in land surface models,in order to better predict the hydraulic constraint on terrestrial transpiration.However,the role that each plant functional trait plays in the modeling of transpiration remains unknown.The importance of different plant functional traits for modeled transpiration needs to be addressed.Here,the Morris sensitivity analysis method was implemented in the Common Land Model with the plant hydraulic stress scheme(CoLM-P_(50)HS).Traits related to drought tolerance(P_(50);),stomata,and photosynthesis were screened as the most critical from all 17 plant traits.Among 12 FLUXNET sites,the importance of P_(50);,measured by normalized sensitivity scores,increased towards lower precipitation,whereas the importance of stomatal traits and photosynthetic traits decreased towards drier climate conditions.P_(50);was more important than stomatal traits and photosynthetic traits in arid or semi-arid sites,which implies that hydraulic safety strategies are more crucial than plant growth strategies when plants frequently experience drought.Large variation in drought tolerance traits further proved the coexistence of multiple plant strategies of hydraulic safety.Ignoring the variation in drought tolerance traits may potentially bias the modeling of transpiration.More measurements of drought tolerance traits are therefore necessary to help better represent the diversity of plant hydraulic functions.展开更多
A high-performance all-inorganic magnesium-lithium chloride complex(MLCC)electrolyte is synthesized by a simple room-temperature reaction of LiCl with MgCl_(2) in tetrahydrofuran(THF)solvent.Molecular dynamics simulat...A high-performance all-inorganic magnesium-lithium chloride complex(MLCC)electrolyte is synthesized by a simple room-temperature reaction of LiCl with MgCl_(2) in tetrahydrofuran(THF)solvent.Molecular dynamics simulation,density functional theory calculation,Raman spectroscopy,and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveal that the formation of[Mg_(x)Li_(y)Cl_(2x+y)·nTHF]complex solvation structure significantly lowers the coordination number of THF in the first solvation sheath of Mg^(2+),which significantly enhances its de-solvation kinetics.The MLCC electrolyte presents a stable electrochemical window up to 3.1 V(vs Mg/Mg^(2+))and enables reversible cycling of Mg metal deposition/stripping with an outstanding Coulombic efficiency up to 99%at current densities as high as 10 mA cm^(-2).Utilizing the MLCC electrolyte,a Mg/Mo_(6)S_(8) full cell can be cycled for over 10000 cycles with a superior capacity retention of 85 mA h g^(-1) under an ultrahigh rate of 50 C(1 C=128.8 mA g^(-1)).The facile synthesis of highperformance MLCC electrolyte provides a promising solution for future practical magnesium batteries.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32325038)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZB20230499)+1 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(24NSFSC4494)the Open Project Program(SKL-ZY202212)of State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China.We thank the High-Performance Computing Platform of Sichuan Agricultural University for its support for the analysis of substitution segments in CSSL9-17.
文摘Grain size is a key factor influencing grain weight in rice.In this study,a chromosome segment substitution line(CSSL9-17)was identified,that exhibits a significant reduction in both grain size and weight compared to its donor parent 93-11.Further investigation identified two quantitative trait loci(QTL)on chromosome 11,designated qGW11a and qGW11b,which contribute to 1000-grain weight with an additive effect.LOC_Os11g05690,encoding the amino acid permease OsCAT8,is the target gene of qGW11a.Overexpression of OsCAT8 resulted in decreased grain weight,while OsCAT8 knockout mutants exhibited increased grain weight.The 287-bp located within the OsCAT8 promoter region of 93-11 negatively regulates its activity,which is subsequently correlated with an increase in grain size and weight.These results suggest that OsCAT8 functions as a negative regulator of grain size and grain weight in rice.
基金This paper is dedicated to the late Professor JS Chiao, who initiated the research in China for rifamycin production employing A. mediterranei more than 30 years ago and who continued the endeavor to resolve the mechanism of the ＇nitrate stimulating effect＇ up to the last breath of his life. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30830002）, the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （2007AA021301, 2007AA021503）, and the Research Unit Fund of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences （7103506）.
文摘Amycolatopsis mediterranei is used for industry-scale production of rifamycin, which plays a vital role in antimyco- bacterial therapy. As the first sequenced genome of the genus Amycolatopsis, the chromosome of strain U32 comprising 10 236 715 base pairs, is one of the largest prokaryotic genomes ever sequenced so far. Unlike the linear topology found in streptomycetes, this chromosome is circular, particularly similar to that of Saccharopolyspora erythraea and Nocardia farcinica, representing their close relationship in phylogeny and taxonomy. Although the predicted 9 228 protein-coding genes in the A. mediterranei genome shared the greatest number of orthologs with those of S. erythraea, it was unexpectedly followed by Streptomyces coelicolor rather than N. farcinica, indicating the distinct metabolic characteristics evolved via adaptation to diverse ecological niches. Besides a core region analogous to that common in streptomycetes, a novel ＇quasicore＇ with typical core characteristics is defined within the non-core region, where 21 out of the total 26 gene clusters for secondary metabolite production are located. The rifamycin biosynthesis gene cluster located in the core encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme essential for the conversion of rifamycin SV to B, revealed by comparing to the highly homologous cluster of the rifamycin B-producing strain S699 and further confirmed by genetic complementation. The genomic information of A. mediterranei demonstrates a metabolic network orchestrated not only for extensive utilization of various carbon sources and inorganic nitrogen compounds but also for effective funneling of metabolic intermediates into the secondary antibiotic synthesis process under the control of a seemingly complex regulatory mechanism.
基金supported by Medical Fund of Zhejiang Province(No.2013KYA207)Shaoxing Science and Technology Bureau Program(No.2011A23013 and No.2013B70079)
文摘Objective:To analyze the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3-K),protein kinase B(PKB)and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta(GSK-3β)in skeletal muscle tissue of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods:A total of 90 cases of pregnant women were divided into observation group and control group according to the occurrence of GDM with 45 cases in either,and the expression of PI3-K,PKB,GSK-3βmRNA expression in skeletal muscle tissue was compared between two groups.Results:The total PI3-K p85 protein was significantly higher in the observation group compared with the control group,the activity of PI3-K was lower than that of the latter;The total PKB,GSK-3βprotein in skeletal tissue had no significant difference between two groups,while the serine phosphorylation levels of PKB and GSK-3βwere significantly lower in observation group compared with the control group.Conclusions:The downregulation of PI3-K,PKB and GSK-3βin skeletal tissue of GDM caused by phosphorylation dysfunction of signaling molecules is the reason for insulin resistance and transporter function decline which lead to GDM.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (2016YFA0204100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21573254, 21703261 and 91545110)+2 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association (CAS), and the Sinopec China and Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA09030103)the Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology (cstc2016jcyjA0432)Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (KJ1600328)
文摘We report a nanocarbon material with nanodiamond(ND) core and graphene shell(ND@G) as a support for Pd nanocatalysts. The designed catalyst performed good selectivity of styrene(85.2%) at full conversion of phenylacetylene and superior stability under mild conditions. Supported Pd catalysts are characterized by means of high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM), Raman, X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and H2 temperature-programmed reduction(H2-TPR).The results clearly show that formation of the strong metal-support interaction(SMSI) between Pd nanoclusters and the defective graphene shell helpfully modifies the selectivity and stability of the Pd-based catalysts.
基金supported by the R&D Special Fund for Nonprofit Industry (Meteorology) (Grant Nos. GYHY200706025, GYHY201206013 and GYHY201306066)
文摘Given the crucial role of land surface processes in global and regional climates, there is a pressing need to test and verify the performance of land surface models via comparisons to observations. In this study, the eddy covariance measurements from 20 FLUXNET sites spanning more than 100 site-years were utilized to evaluate the performance of the Common Land Model （CoLM） over different vegetation types in various climate zones. A decomposition method was employed to separate both the observed and simulated energy fluxes, i.e., the sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, net radiation, and ground heat flux, at three timescales ranging from stepwise （30 rain） to monthly. A comparison between the simulations and observations indicated that CoLM produced satisfactory simulations of all four energy fluxes, although the different indexes did not exhibit consistent results among the different fluxes, A strong agreement between the simulations and observations was found for the seasonal cycles at the 20 sites, whereas CoLM underestimated the latent heat flux at the sites with distinct dry and wet seasons, which might be associated with its weakness in simulating soil water during the dry season. CoLM cannot explicitly simulate the midday depression of leaf gas exchange, which may explain why CoLM also has a maximum diurnal bias at noon in the summer. Of the eight selected vegetation types analyzed, CoLM performs best for evergreen broadleaf forests and worst for croplands and wetlands.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.21072053 and No.20772028） and the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department （No.10K025 and No.09C386）.
文摘The interaction potential index IPI（X） of 16 Br, C1, I, NO2, CN, CHO, COOH, CH3, CH： kinds of substituents X （X---OH, SH, NH2, ：CH2, C-CH, Ph, COCH3, COOCH3） were proposed, which are derived from the experimental enthalpies of formation △fHФ （g） values of monosubstituted straight-chain alkanes. Based on the IPI（X） and polarizability effect index, a simple and effective model was constructed to estimate the △fHФ （g） values of monosubstituted alkanes RX （including the branched derivatives）. The present model takes into account not only the contributions of the alkyl R and the substituent X, but also the contribution of the interaction between R and X. Its stability and prediction ability was confirmed by the results of leave-one-out method. Compared with previous reported studies, the obtained equation can be used to estimate enthalpies of formation for much more kinds of monosubstituted alkanes with less parameters. Thus, it is recommended for the calculation of the △fHФ（g） for the RX.
基金supported by the National Transgenic Science and Technology Program (2016ZX08001004-002)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100406)。
文摘Grain number per panicle (GNP) is a complex trait controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL),directly determining grain yield in rice.Identifying GNP-associated QTL is desirable for increasing rice yield.A rice chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL),F771,which showed increased panicle length and GNP,was identified in a set of CSSLs derived from a cross between two indica cultivars,R498 (recipient) and WY11327 (donor).Genetic analysis showed that the panicle traits in F771 were semidominant and controlled by multiple QTL.Six QTL were consistently identified by QTL-seq analysis.Among them,the major QTL q PLN10 for panicle length and GNP was localized to a 121-kb interval between markers N802 and N909 on chromosome 10.Based on quantitative real-time PCR and sequence analysis,TAWAWA1(TAW1),a known regulator of rice inflorescence architecture,was identified as the candidate gene for q PLN10.A near-isogenic line,NIL-TAW1,was developed to evaluate its effects.In comparison with the recurrent parent R498,NIL-TAW1 showed increased panicle length (14.0%),number of secondary branches (20.9%) and GNP (22.0%),and the final grain yield per plant of NIL-TAW1 was increased by18.6%.Transgenic experiments showed that an appropriate expression level of TAW1 was necessary for panicle development.Haplotype analysis suggested that the favorable F771-type (Hap 13) of TAW1was introduced from aus accessions and had great potential value in high-yield breeding both in indica and japonica varieties.Our results provide a promising genetic resource for rice grain yield improvement.
基金supported by Science and Technology Projects Fund of Nanjing Medical University(NY0522)
文摘Objective：To study the possibility of natural hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite on repairing bone defects. Methods：We developed a natural hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite that could be molded into any desired shape. The powder component consists of natural hydroxyapatite, which is epurated from bone of pigs. The liquid component consists of malic acid and chitosan. Operations were performed on the left tibias of 15 white rabbits to create two square bone defects. One of the defects was reconstructed with the composite, while the other was not repaired and used as a blank control. Three of the animals were killed at the end of 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks respectively and implants were evaluated anatomically and histologically. Results：No apparent rejection reaction was found, except for a mild inflammatory infiltration observed 2 weeks after surgery. Fibrous tissue became thinner 2 -8 weeks after surgery and bony connections were detected 12 weeks after surgery. The new bone was the same as the recipient bone by the 16th postoperative week. Conclusion：The hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite has good biocompatibility and osteoconduction. It is a potential repairing material for clinical application.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 42088101,42175158,41575072,41730962,41905075,42075158,and U1811464]the National Key Research and Development Program of China [grant numbers 2017YFA0604300 and 2016YFB0200801]supported by the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project entitled“Earth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility”(Earth-Lab)。
文摘The prediction of precipitation depends on accurate modeling of terrestrial transpiration.In recent decades,the trait-based plant hydraulic stress scheme has been developed in land surface models,in order to better predict the hydraulic constraint on terrestrial transpiration.However,the role that each plant functional trait plays in the modeling of transpiration remains unknown.The importance of different plant functional traits for modeled transpiration needs to be addressed.Here,the Morris sensitivity analysis method was implemented in the Common Land Model with the plant hydraulic stress scheme(CoLM-P_(50)HS).Traits related to drought tolerance(P_(50);),stomata,and photosynthesis were screened as the most critical from all 17 plant traits.Among 12 FLUXNET sites,the importance of P_(50);,measured by normalized sensitivity scores,increased towards lower precipitation,whereas the importance of stomatal traits and photosynthetic traits decreased towards drier climate conditions.P_(50);was more important than stomatal traits and photosynthetic traits in arid or semi-arid sites,which implies that hydraulic safety strategies are more crucial than plant growth strategies when plants frequently experience drought.Large variation in drought tolerance traits further proved the coexistence of multiple plant strategies of hydraulic safety.Ignoring the variation in drought tolerance traits may potentially bias the modeling of transpiration.More measurements of drought tolerance traits are therefore necessary to help better represent the diversity of plant hydraulic functions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFCU1832218)the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Chip(ICFC).
文摘A high-performance all-inorganic magnesium-lithium chloride complex(MLCC)electrolyte is synthesized by a simple room-temperature reaction of LiCl with MgCl_(2) in tetrahydrofuran(THF)solvent.Molecular dynamics simulation,density functional theory calculation,Raman spectroscopy,and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveal that the formation of[Mg_(x)Li_(y)Cl_(2x+y)·nTHF]complex solvation structure significantly lowers the coordination number of THF in the first solvation sheath of Mg^(2+),which significantly enhances its de-solvation kinetics.The MLCC electrolyte presents a stable electrochemical window up to 3.1 V(vs Mg/Mg^(2+))and enables reversible cycling of Mg metal deposition/stripping with an outstanding Coulombic efficiency up to 99%at current densities as high as 10 mA cm^(-2).Utilizing the MLCC electrolyte,a Mg/Mo_(6)S_(8) full cell can be cycled for over 10000 cycles with a superior capacity retention of 85 mA h g^(-1) under an ultrahigh rate of 50 C(1 C=128.8 mA g^(-1)).The facile synthesis of highperformance MLCC electrolyte provides a promising solution for future practical magnesium batteries.
