Study of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. in Nuhuang Fuzheng Oral Liquid by Thin Layer Chromatography

[Objectives] To better control the quality of Nuhuang Fuzheng Oral Liquid and study the main component Cuscuta chinensis Lam.by Thin Layer Chromatography. [Methods] Through changing the treatment methods of the test sample solution,proportion of the developing solvent and sample application volume,taking the spot resolution,definition,and Rf value,optimal Thin Layer Chromatography conditions were screened for Cuscuta chinensis Lam. [Results] After the test sample solution passing the neutral alumina column,it was extracted two times using the ethyl acetate. Methanol was added to dissolve. Benzene-ethyl acetate-formic acid( 5∶5∶2.5) was used as developing solvent.And ammonia fumigation was carried out to develop color. In the thin layer chromatograph obtained through these conditions,Nuhuang Fuzheng Oral Liquid test sample solution showed the same stripe in the same position of the control drug chromatogram and there was no obvious tailing phenomenon and the spot was clear. [Conclusions] The thin layer chromatography identification conditions can be used as the method for quality control of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. in Nuhuang Fuzheng Oral Liquid.

Immunoregulatory Effects of Nuhuang Fuzheng Granules on Mice with Cytoxan-induced Immunosuppression

[Objectives]To study immunoregulatory effects of Nuhuang Fuzheng Granules on mice with Cytoxan-induced immunosuppression.[Methods]Kunming variety mice were randomly divided into the control group,model group,positive medicine group,and low,medium,and high dosage groups of Nuhuang Fuzheng Granules. Except the control group,the rest groups of mice were injected with Cytoxan at60 mg/kg to reproduce the immunosuppressive mice model,and were fed through stomach at 0. 5g/kg,1. 0 g/kg and 2. 0 g/kg Nuhuang Fuzheng Granules for seven days( twice a day); the positive control group was fed with Astragalus Polysacharin( 500 mg/L). The carbon clearance index,immune organ index,serum hemolysin were determined. IL-2,IFN-γ,and IL-4 levels in mouse serum were measured by ELISA. [Results] Nuhuang Fuzheng Granules could significantly incease the carbon granular expurgation index of mice with Cytoxan-induced immunosuppression,and the 2. 0 g/kg and 1. 0 g/kg dosage groups had better effect than 0. 5 g/kg dosage group( P < 0. 05); the spleen index of mice with Cytoxan-induced immunosuppression increased significantly and there was dose-effect relationship in a certain range of concentration; the thymus index and serum hemolysin HC_(50) were significantly higher than 0. 5 g/kg dosage group( P < 0. 05); IL-4 and IFN-γ in the serum was significantly higher than the model group( P < 0. 01),the increase of IL-2 was not significantly( P > 0. 05). [Conclusions] Nuhuang Fuzheng Granules can promote growth of immune organs and secretion of cytokines through improving the carbon granular expurgation ability of mice with Cytoxan-induced immunosuppression.

Identification of Citric Acid in Wuhuang Oral Liquid by Thin Layer Chromatography

[Objectives] To screen the identification conditions of citric acid in Wuhuang Oral Liquid by thin layer chromatography,and establish the quality control method for citric acid in Wuhuang Oral Liquid.[Methods] Different treatment methods were adopted for test sample,developing agent,and drying time,thin layer chromatography separation condition and spot definition were taken as indicators to conduct experiment,to select optimal thin layer identification method. [Results] Methanol was used as the extraction solvent,ultrasonic treatment,ether extraction,dissolution by anhydrous ethanol as treatment conditions of test sample; upper solution of butyl acetate-formic acid-water(4 ∶ 2 ∶ 2) after placing one hour was taken as developing agent; 0. 1% bromocresol green(BCG) as the developer; when developing the color in 3 hours after development,in thin layer chromatograph,there appeared the same strip in the same position of test sample of Wuhuang ORAL Liquid and control substance,no obvious trailing phenomenon,and the color was uniform and clear.[Conclusions]The thin layer chromatography identification conditions can be used as the method for quality control of Wuhuang Oral Liquid.

miR-122在PM_(2.5)诱导的肺损伤中的作用机制

目的探索PM_(2.5)引起的肺损伤的分子机制,以期为肺损伤的诊疗提供新的靶点。方法对PM_(2.5)诱导下肺损伤的多组学数据进行差异基因筛选及分子功能分析,确定肺损伤相关的分子靶标,构建PM_(2.5)诱导的SD大鼠肺损伤模型并进行初步验证。结果HE染色结果显示,暴露组的大鼠肺泡间隔增宽,肺泡腔增大,部分肺泡断裂、融合;Masson染色结果发现暴露组大鼠肺部呈现出少量纤维化。本次实验结果发现,在PM_(2.5)诱导条件下,miR-122表达显著上调,其靶基因胰岛素样生长因子1受体(insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF1R)表达显著下调。结论PM_(2.5)会导致大鼠的肺损伤,推测miR-122通过调控其靶基因IGF1R进而影响PI3K-AKT信号通路并引起细胞凋亡,加剧肺损伤。

Accelerating Asteroidal Period and Pole Inversion from Multiple Lightcurves Using Parallel Differential Evolution and Cellinoid Shape Model

Determining asteroid properties provides valuable physical insights but inverting them from photometric lightcurves remains computationally intensive.This paper presents a new approach that combines a simplified Cellinoid shape model with the Parallel Differential Evolution(PDE)algorithm to accelerate inversion.The PDE algorithm is more efficient than the Differential Evolution algorithm,achieving an extraordinary speedup of 37.983 with 64 workers on multicore CPUs.The PDE algorithm accurately derives period and pole values from simulated data.The analysis of real asteroid lightcurves validates the method’s reliability:in comparison with results published elsewhere,the PDE algorithm accurately recovers the rotational periods and,given adequate viewing geometries,closely matches the pole orientations.The PDE approach converges to solutions within 20,000 iterations and under one hour,demonstrating its potential for large-scale data analysis.This work provides a promising new tool for unveiling asteroid physical properties by overcoming key computational bottlenecks.

A novel encoding mechanism for particle physics

This study proposes a novel particle encoding mechanism that seamlessly incorporates the quantum properties of particles,with a specific emphasis on constituent quarks.The primary objective of this mechanism is to facilitate the digital registration and identification of a wide range of particle information.Its design ensures easy integration with different event generators and digital simulations commonly used in high-energy experiments.Moreover,this innovative framework can be easily expanded to encode complex multi-quark states comprising up to nine valence quarks and accommodating an angular momentum of up to 99/2.This versatility and scalability make it a valuable tool.

The largest CPIES array in the marginal sea:abundant dynamics in the northeast South China Sea

The South China Sea(SCS)is a marginal sea connecting the Pacific and Indian oceans and has gained much attention in recent decades.The dynamics in the northeast SCS are considerably influenced by topography,monsoons,tropical cyclones,the Kuroshio intrusion,and water exchange through the Luzon Strait(LS).

电动汽车电池的发展现状与趋势

化石能源短缺和二氧化碳排放是21世纪的巨大挑战,这使得寻找一种替代化石能源作为汽车动力的方式日益重要。动力电池作为电动车行驶里程和安全性能的限制因素,在未来电动汽车的普及方面具有重要作用。本文概述了电动汽车电池的发展历史,重点介绍了下一代锂离子电池体系最有前景的正负极材料和电解质,以及锂离子电池之外全新的电池体系的现状,并指出未来动力电池的发展趋势:近期内,增强高镍正极材料的稳定性和固体电解质的锂离子传导效率,减少硅负极材料的体积效应,可以提高电动汽车的稳定性和安全性;中期内,镁离子电池还存在不确定的副反应,而双锂离子电池在低倍率下已经有超越高镍三元材料能量密度,非常值得关注;长期内,金属-空气电池还属于起步阶段,而锂硫电池减少多晶硫造成的穿梭效应后会有好的应用前景。

Structural Characteristics and Evolution Process of the Metamorphic Buried Hill: A Case of BZ Oilfield in Bohai Bay, China

Bozhong oilfield which is abbreviated as BZ oilfield is the first oilfield with deep metamorphic buried hill that is discovered reserves of billion-ton in Bohai Bay. Affected by multi-stage tectonic movements, the distribution of fractures is very complex in this area, therefore it is significant to study the evolution of structures for understanding the distribution of fractures. In view of the complexity on the tectonic evolution of the buried hill region in the study area, the influence of tectonic movements on the formation of fractured reservoir is analyzed, and the research results lay the foundation for the efficient development in this type of the oilfield. The results show that main faults, which is formed during early Indosinian and Yanshanian period, are mainly developed in the BZ oilfield area, and the fracture strike has mainly east-west and north-east-east trend. Based on the analysis of the relationship among tectonic evolution, regional stress field and fracture development, it is considered that Indosinian extrusion is the main reason for the formation of main direction faults in the study area. Yanshanian strike-slip transformation and Himalayan reactivation further controlled the development of the fractured reservoirs in the later stage, and formed the present fracture network system. Well block 5 is located in passive plate system during Indosinian period, it is affected by Himalayan stretching and long-term activation of large faults in the later stage, so that the effective fractures are relatively developed. The result plays an important role in guiding the overall plan deployment of the BZ oilfield.

Controlling the Worldwide Chaotic Spreading of COVID-19 through Vaccinations

The striking differences and similarities between the “Spanish-flu” of 1918 and the Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) are analyzed. Progress in medicine and technology and in particular the availability of vaccines has decreased the death probability from about 2% for the Spanish-flu, to about 10-4 in the UK and 10-3 in Italy, USA, Canada, San Marino and other countries for COVID-19. The logistic map reproduces most features of the disease and may be of guidance for predictions and future steps to be taken in order to contrast the virus. We estimate 6.4 × 107 deceases worldwide without the vaccines, this value decreases to 1.6 × 107 with the current vaccination rate. In November 2021, the number of deceased worldwide was 5.1 × 106. To reduce the fatalities further, it is imperative to increase the vaccination rate worldwide to at least 120 millions/day and the AstraZeneca vaccine due to its efficacity and cost is a possible route to accomplish this.

湖南省三甲医院早产儿视网膜病变防治现状

目的:探讨湖南省三甲医院早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)防治现状及其制约因素。方法:采取分层随机抽样的方法,从湖南省13个地级市和1个自治州中抽取设立新生儿重症监护病房的三甲医院20家。对医院新生儿科负责人派发《医院ROP防治情况调查表》,以此了解三甲医院新生儿氧疗监测情况、ROP筛查和治疗情况、医院开展ROP培训和管理情况、卫生行政部门督导情况及开展ROP防治工作的制约因素。结果:本研究有效回收调查表20份。20家(100%)医院均开展了氧疗监测,12家(60%)医院开展了ROP筛查,3家(15%)医院开展了ROP治疗,2家(10%)医院同时开展了ROP筛查和治疗,5家(25%)医院进行了ROP防治专项培训,4家(20%)医院所属地卫生行政部门开展了ROP防治督导工作。省部级三甲医院开展ROP治疗、专项培训及督导情况均好于地市级三甲医院。ROP防治的主要制约因素包括缺乏专业技术人才、防治设备、规范化培训及重症患儿治疗风险大。结论:湖南省三甲医院新生儿氧疗监测情况较好,但ROP的筛查及治疗现状不容乐观,应加强开展ROP防治专项技能培训及督导工作,进一步提高ROP整体防治水平。

无锡市城镇污水提质增效三年行动实施方案浅析

通过对无锡市污水厂、泵站、主管网、排水达标区、信息化及管理模式现状评估分析,无锡市部分污水厂存在进水浓度低、运行负荷高,污水泵站设备陈旧及无相对统一化标准、高负荷运行,污水管网存在运行水位高、雨污分流不彻底、主管网调度性差及功能、结构性缺陷等问题,制定无锡市城镇污水提质增效三年行动实施方案6+1项工作举措:排水达标区建设、管网全面排查修复、污水管网建设、泵站标准化建设、污水厂提标扩容、信息化工程及管理机制建设。经过三年努力,系统推进城镇污水处理提质增效,实现无锡市污水处理向进水浓度高、出水标准高、管网水位低的"两高一低"三个转变。

教育扶贫、教育公平与教育效率的互动效应研究--基于中国省际面板数据联立方程组的实证检验

探究教育扶贫、教育公平与教育效率之间的互动规律,对于巩固我国全面脱贫成果具有现实意义。以2005-2018年中国内地30个省区市的面板数据为样本,选取教育扶贫、教育公平与教育效率为被解释变量,建立动态联立方程模型,并运用系统GMM方法对教育扶贫、教育公平与教育效率三者之间的互动影响进行实证分析。研究表明:我国教育扶贫、教育公平与教育效率三者存在明显的累积效应与互动效应,且这种互动效应存在明显的区域差异。在后脱贫时代,为进一步推动我国教育扶贫的高质量发展,应推动教育扶贫政策实践导向由“效率优先”向“公平优先,兼顾效率”转变;优化中西部地区教育扶贫资源配置,提升中西部综合教育发展水平;加强教育扶贫政策供给质量,助推乡村振兴。

Energy and centrality dependence of light nuclei production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

We study the energy and centrality dependence of deuteron and triton(helium-3)production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider(RHIC)and CERN Large Hadron Collider(LHC)using the Tsallis distribution,blast-wave(BW)model,and stationary Fokker-Planck(FP)solution.Our study shows that good agreement can be reached between the fitting results from the stationary FP solution and the experimental data for Au+Au collisions from the beam energy scan(BES)program of RHIC at√SNN=7.7,11.5,14.5,19.6,27,39,62.4,and 200 GeV and for Pb+Pb collisions at√SNN=2.76 TeV.The Tsallis distribution and BW model can reasonably describe the deuteron and triton(helium-3)trans verse momentum spectra obtained at RHIC and LHC.A more comprehensive comparison among the three methods suggests that the stationary FP solution is a sensible method,which is able to describe the energy dependence of the light nuclei yield ratio N_(t)N_(p)/N_(d)^(2) and provide a coherent description of deuteron and triton(helium-3)production for all centralities and various colliding energies at RHIC and LHC.

Number-of-constituent-quark scaling of elliptic flow:a quantitative study

The number-of-constituent-quark(NCQ)scaling behavior of the elliptic flow of identified particles produced in A+A collisions is studied quantitatively using an empirical function that fits the experimental v_(2) data available from the RHIC and LHC.The most common approach for NCQ scaling involves(1)doing a scaling of the experimental v_(2) data of an identified particle with its NCQ,(2)doing the same to its transverse momentum or energy,then(3)combining all the scaled data and identifying the NCQ behavior by intuitively looking(since the measured experimental data are discrete).We define two variables(d_(1),d_(2))to describe NCQ scaling quantitatively and simultaneously,and identify the approximate region where the NCQ scaling holds.This approach could be applied to study NCQ or other scaling phenomena in future experiments.

A review of spatial targeting methods of payment for ecosystem services

Payments for Ecosystem Services(PES)have been studied extensively over the past decade as an important policy tool for coordinating ecological protection and regional socioeconomic development.One of the greatest challenges of PES implementation is to understand where to pay,i.e.,spatial targeting,which can directly impact PES effectiveness and efficiency.In this study,we conducted a systematic review of spatial targeting methods based on literature analysis using Citespace.Firstly,peer-reviewed articles related to spatial targeting of PES were selected from the Web of Science database based on keywords.Cases applying PES spatial targeting methods were then chosen and analyzed after all articles were read.In total,70%of the chosen cases focused on improving the compensation efficiency of biodiversity or another single environmental objective,whereas the remaining cases focused on coordinating trade-offs between equity and efficiency or multiple environmental objectives.The main PES spatial targeting approaches included cost-benefit analysis,multi-objective optimization,data envelope analysis and other methods aimed at specific issues.Of these,cost-benefit analysis has been most widely applied at different scales,including county,regional and watershed scales.Significant differences among the different PES spatial targeting methods were found,including in PES spatial targeting dimensions,efficiency optimization approaches and method application conditions.The practice of PES spatial targeting requires the selection of appropriate methods based on contextual biophysical and socioeconomic conditions as well as relevant environmental issues.The combined application of PES spatial targeting methods,compensation willingness of stakeholders and dynamic implementation of PES spatial targeting should be considered in future research.

自上而下和自下而上相结合提高大规模生态修复规划的实用性和效率——来自社会生态系统的启示

Ecological restoration policies and their implementation are influenced by ecological and socioeconomic drivers.Top-down approach-based spatial planning,emphasizing hierarchical control within government structures,and without a comprehensive consideration of social–ecological interactions may result in implementation failure and low efficiency.Although many researchers have indicated the necessity to engage social–ecological interactions between stakeholders in effective planning processes,socioeconomic drivers of ecological restoration on a large scale are difficult to quantify because of data scarcity and knowledge limitations.Here,we established a new ecological restoration planning approach linking a social–ecological system framework to large-scale ecological restoration planning.The new spatial planning approach integrates bottom-up approaches targeting stakeholder interests and provides social considerations for stakeholder behavior analysis.Based on this approach,a meta-analysis is introduced to recognize key socioeconomic and social–ecological factors influencing large-scale ecological restoration implementation,and a stochastic model is constructed to analyze the impact of socioeconomic drivers on the behavior of authorities and participants on a large scale.We used the Yangtze River Basin-based Conversion of Cropland to Forest Program(CCFP),one of the largest payments for ecosystem service programs worldwide,to quantify the socioeconomic impacts of large-scale ecological restoration programs.Current CCFP planning without socioeconomic considerations failed to achieve large-scale program goals and showed low investment efficiency,with 19.71% of the implemented area reconverting to cropland after contract expiry.In contrast,spatial matching between planned and actual restoration increased from 61.55% to 81.86% when socioeconomic drivers were included.In addition,compared to that with the current CCFP implementation,the cost effectiveness of spatial planning with social considerations improved by 46.94%.Thus,spatial optimization planning that integrates both top-down and bottom-up approaches can result in more practical and effective ecological restoration than top-down approaches alone.Our new approach incorporates socioeconomic factors into large-scale ecological restoration planning with high practicality and efficiency.

呼伦贝尔市城郊河岸带土壤与河流沉积物重金属污染现状分析

河岸带类型对河流环境重金属富集具有显著影响,合理规划河岸环境,可以减缓河流周围土地的重金属污染对河流生态系统的影响。随着内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市工矿业、农牧业和旅游业的快速发展,频繁的人类活动会增加对河流周边重金属污染潜在威胁。为揭示呼伦贝尔市河流域环境重金属污染的现状、分布特征以及不同的河岸带类型对河流沉积物重金属污染的影响,在该区域采集了34个河岸带表层土壤和河流表层沉积物样品,并测定了6种重金属(Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb与Zn)含量,采用污染负荷指数法(pollution load index,PLI)对重金属污染情况进行评价。结果显示:6种重金属的平均含量分别为背景值的2.08倍、1.55倍、0.80倍、1.61倍、0.82倍、1.00倍,总体PLI为1.19,属轻度污染;河岸带的重金属污染程度总体高于河流,但是河流的重金属污染变率更大,相比之下重金属含量的最高值多出现于河流中;不同河岸带类型的PLI呈工业型河岸最高(1.535)、自然型河岸次之(1.126)、城市绿化河岸最低(1.030)、工矿业活动是区域重金属污染的主要源头,城市绿化型河岸带与自然型河岸带具有一定的缓解重金属污染累积的作用。

我国农村学前教育研究热点与前沿议题——基于1994-2019年相关文献的知识图谱分析

近年来,促进公平、改善民生与构建和谐社会逐渐成为我国教育发展的导向,学前教育领域也依此形成了重点发展农村学前教育的基本定位。以Citespace可视化分析法和文献计量法为研究工具,对1994-2019年农村学前教育相关的高质量文献进行系统梳理,探究我国农村学前教育领域的热点主题与前沿议题,结果表明,我国农村学前教育的研究热点主要聚集在学前教育的管理体制与政府职责、教育资源配置、师资问题和公共服务体系构建四个方面,最新研究前沿主题词主要是"‘全面二孩’政策"和"公共服务体系"。

Investigation of therapeutic modalities of G719X, an uncommon mutation in the EGFR gene in non-small cell lung cancer

Objective G719 X is the most frequently seen uncommon mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) gene, which is a point mutation at exon 18 with three common subtypes, G719 A/G719 C/G719 S. This study explored the clinicopathological characteristics of the G719 X mutation and investigated the efficacy of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI) treatment and chemotherapy in patients with the G719 X mutation; the survival rate after these different treatment modalities were then analyzed in order to provide evidence for clinical treatment.Methods Clinical data of 41 patients with the G719 X mutation admitted in the Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University from September 2014 to July 2018, were collected and the EGFR mutations were detected by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction(ARMS-PCR). The clinicopathological characteristics of the G719 X mutation were analyzed, and the relationship among the G719 X mutation, the efficacy of different treatment modalities, and the progression-free survival(PFS) was analyzed. Results Of the 41 cases, 24(58.5%) were G719 X single mutations and 17(41.5%) were compound mutations, including G719 X/S768 I, G719 X/L861 Q, G719 X/19 del, and G719 X/c-Met compound mutation. The objective response rate(ORR) of first-line EGFR-TKI therapy was 50%(6/12), the disease control rate(DCR) was 83.3%(10/12), and the median PFS(mPFS) was 9 months. After resistance to EGFR-TKI in the previous treatment, the ORR(71.4%, 5/7) and DCR(100%, 7/7) were still high following EGFR-TKIs, by an mPFS of 8 months. The ORR of chemotherapy was 33.3%(2/6), the DCR was 100%(6/6), and the mPFS was 6 months. Conclusion G719 X is an uncommon mutation of the EGFR gene and is sensitive to many EGFR-TKIs. It can be treated with the second-or third-generation EGFR-TKIs after resistance to the first-generation EGFR-TKIs. G719 X mutation also showed favorable effect to chemotherapy.