Cd S/Mo S2,an extremely efficient photocatalyst,has been extensively used in hydrogen photoproduction and pollutant degradation.Cd S/Mo S2can be synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal process.However,the effect...Cd S/Mo S2,an extremely efficient photocatalyst,has been extensively used in hydrogen photoproduction and pollutant degradation.Cd S/Mo S2can be synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal process.However,the effect of the sulfur source on the synthesis of Cd S/Mo S2via one-step hydrothermal methods has seldom been investigated.We report herein a series of one-step hydrothermal preparations of Cd S/Mo S2using three different sulfur sources：thioacetamide,L-cysteine,and thiourea.The results revealed that the sulfur source strongly affected the crystallization,morphology,elemental composition and ultraviolet（UV）–visible-light-absorption ability of the Cd S/Mo S2.Among the investigated sulfur sources,thioacetamide provided the highest visible-light absorption ability for Cd S/Mo S2,with the smallest average particle size and largest surface area,resulting in the highest efficiency in Methylene Blue（MB）degradation.The photocatalytic activity of Cd S/Mo S2synthesized from the three sulfur sources can be arranged in the following order：thioacetamideL-cysteinethiourea.The reaction rate constants（k）for thioacetamide,L-cysteine,and thiourea were estimated to be 0.0197,0.0140,and 0.0084 min^（-1）,respectively.However,thioacetamide may be limited in practical application in terms of its price and toxicity,while L-cysteine is relatively economical,less toxic and exhibited good photocatalytic degradation performance toward MB.展开更多
This study examines the economic benefits of food waste treatment projects in China and factors affecting them.National-level pilot projects for food waste treatment located in 29 cities were selected as samples.The e...This study examines the economic benefits of food waste treatment projects in China and factors affecting them.National-level pilot projects for food waste treatment located in 29 cities were selected as samples.The economics of food waste recycling from the investors’perspective,in terms of investment during the construction phase and cost and benefit during the operation phase,was assessed.Results indicate that the average tonnage investment of food waste treatment projects was RMB 700.0±188.9 thousand yuan,with a profit to cost ratio of 0.08±0.37.This ratio increased to 0.95±0.57 following the application of government subsidies.It highlights the limited economic benefits of food waste treatment facilities,which rely on government subsidies to maintain their operations in China.Further analysis using a multi-factor analysis model revealed that regional location,service population size,processing technique,and urban income exerted varying impacts on the economy of food waste treatment.Population size exerted the highest impact(P=0.016)during the construction stage,and processing techniques notably influenced the project economy during the operation stage.The study highlights the need to prioritize service population size and processing techniques during economic decision-making and management of food waste recycling projects.The results of this study can serve as a valuable practical reference for guiding future policies regarding food waste treatment and related planning.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51478431)a Science and TechnologyPlanning Project from the Science and Technology Department in Zhejiang Province (No. 2014C33028)funding as a Xinmiao Talent Project of Zhejiang Province (No. 2016R408074)
文摘Cd S/Mo S2,an extremely efficient photocatalyst,has been extensively used in hydrogen photoproduction and pollutant degradation.Cd S/Mo S2can be synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal process.However,the effect of the sulfur source on the synthesis of Cd S/Mo S2via one-step hydrothermal methods has seldom been investigated.We report herein a series of one-step hydrothermal preparations of Cd S/Mo S2using three different sulfur sources：thioacetamide,L-cysteine,and thiourea.The results revealed that the sulfur source strongly affected the crystallization,morphology,elemental composition and ultraviolet（UV）–visible-light-absorption ability of the Cd S/Mo S2.Among the investigated sulfur sources,thioacetamide provided the highest visible-light absorption ability for Cd S/Mo S2,with the smallest average particle size and largest surface area,resulting in the highest efficiency in Methylene Blue（MB）degradation.The photocatalytic activity of Cd S/Mo S2synthesized from the three sulfur sources can be arranged in the following order：thioacetamideL-cysteinethiourea.The reaction rate constants（k）for thioacetamide,L-cysteine,and thiourea were estimated to be 0.0197,0.0140,and 0.0084 min^（-1）,respectively.However,thioacetamide may be limited in practical application in terms of its price and toxicity,while L-cysteine is relatively economical,less toxic and exhibited good photocatalytic degradation performance toward MB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51878611)the State Scholarship Found by the China Scholarship Council(201908330103).
文摘This study examines the economic benefits of food waste treatment projects in China and factors affecting them.National-level pilot projects for food waste treatment located in 29 cities were selected as samples.The economics of food waste recycling from the investors’perspective,in terms of investment during the construction phase and cost and benefit during the operation phase,was assessed.Results indicate that the average tonnage investment of food waste treatment projects was RMB 700.0±188.9 thousand yuan,with a profit to cost ratio of 0.08±0.37.This ratio increased to 0.95±0.57 following the application of government subsidies.It highlights the limited economic benefits of food waste treatment facilities,which rely on government subsidies to maintain their operations in China.Further analysis using a multi-factor analysis model revealed that regional location,service population size,processing technique,and urban income exerted varying impacts on the economy of food waste treatment.Population size exerted the highest impact(P=0.016)during the construction stage,and processing techniques notably influenced the project economy during the operation stage.The study highlights the need to prioritize service population size and processing techniques during economic decision-making and management of food waste recycling projects.The results of this study can serve as a valuable practical reference for guiding future policies regarding food waste treatment and related planning.
