How aging affects bone health via the intestinal micro-environment

Increasing life expectancy and an aging population lead to age-related bone diseases like osteoporosis and low bone mass more prevalent.These conditions represent a common,costly and chronic burden,not only for elderly but also to society at large.Consequently,elucidating the pathophysiology and developing effective therapies for these diseases is of paramount importance.Recent advances in research have identified the gut as a novel and promising target for addressing bone disorders,giving rise to the concept of the“gut-bone axis”.An in-depth review of the latest insights into the effects of age-related physiological changes in the gastrointestinal tract on bone health is presented in this article.It examines how the“gut-bone”axis interacts with bone aging across various domains,including metabolism,nutrition,intestinal permeability,immunity,and oxidative stress.

A Survey on Pharmacists’ Job Burnout and Satisfaction during the COVID-19 Era

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak negatively impacted pharmacists who provided basic medical services by inducing anxiety and depression, thus, leading to medical errors. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the job burnout and satisfaction levels among hospital pharmacists during the period when China downgraded COVID-19 from a Category A disease to a Category B disease. Method: We selected pharmacists from several medical institutions in Yunnan Province as the subjects by using the general information questionnaire survey, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), and the Work Environment Scale-10 (WES-10). Results: After analyzing 461 questionnaires, the results showed that the age and marital status of the pharmacists displayed significant effects on their emotional exhaustion and sense of achievement, with younger pharmacists getting higher and lower scores for their tests on emotional exhaustion and sense of achievement, respectively (p Conclusion: Hence, it was concluded that the job burnout of pharmacists was at a low level during the period when China downgraded COVID-19 as a Category B disease from Category A.

富砷湖滨湿地底泥细菌群落结构及多样性对水位变化的响应

为探究富砷底质下高原湖滨湿地底泥微生物群落对水位变化的响应特征,本研究以室内模拟实验的方式,探讨不同水位条件对富砷湖滨湿地底泥细菌群落结构及多样性的影响。结果表明,细菌丰度、多样性与水位高低具有显著相关性,细菌丰度由多到少排序为:高水位>中水位>无水位,即水位越高,细菌丰度越高,细菌群落多样性则表现为高水位条件下较高;在细菌群落结构中,门水平分类上的5种优势细菌分别为变形菌门、厚壁菌门、绿弯菌门、拟杆菌门和酸杆菌门,各优势菌门对水位条件的响应表现出多样性的特征;纲水平分类上,γ-变形菌纲为优势菌纲,其在不同水位条件下的变化趋势同变形菌门完全一致;在不同水位条件下,总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、土壤有机碳(SOC)以及硝氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)、氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)含量对底泥中细菌群落的影响显著,其中,总氮(TN)、土壤有机碳(SOC)、硝氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)、氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)对细菌优势群落影响最为显著且呈现出多样性的特征。水位条件对富砷湖滨湿地底泥中细菌群落结构及多样性具有显著影响,该结果可用于进一步发掘细菌群落与环境之间的潜在关系,为高原湖滨湿地的污染防控和治理提供科学依据。

改性POSS/苯并环丁烯树脂复合材料的制备与性能

通过分别在2种含有苯并环丁烯单元的基体树脂——4-(1’,1’-二甲基-1’-乙烯基)硅基苯并环丁烯均聚物(P(4-DMVSBCB))及4-(1’,1’-二甲基-1’-乙烯基)硅基苯并环丁烯和苯乙烯共聚物(P(4-DMVSBCB-r-St))中添加苯并环丁烯改性的笼型倍半硅氧烷(BCB-POSS),制备出介电性能优异的BCB树脂/POSS复合材料。通过红外研究了复合材料的固化过程,并通过阻抗分析、热重分析、邵氏硬度研究了不同BCB-POSS含量对复合材料的介电性能、耐热性能及硬度的影响。结果表明,在固化过程中,POSS表面的BCB四元环开环与基体树脂中的BCB四元环发生Diels-Alder反应形成共价键;复合材料的介电常数随着BCB-POSS的添加量增加而降低,当添加量达到40%时,介电常数可降低至2.35;BCB-POSS的添加使材料的耐热性能和硬度都有提高,并随着BCB-POSS的添加量的增加而上升。

角膜前基质针刺术治疗角膜上皮细胞功能障碍的临床疗效

目的:探讨角膜前基质针刺术(ASP)治疗角膜上皮细胞功能障碍(CED)的临床疗效。方法:选取2015-09/12于华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院眼科行ASP治疗的CED患者16例16眼,分别于术前、术后1、3mo观察裸眼视力、眼表疾病指数评分(OSDI)、角膜荧光染色、角膜上皮厚度、全角膜厚度、角膜上皮下树突状细胞密度、角膜内皮细胞密度、角膜上皮下神经丛密度。结果:术后1mo,本组患者裸眼视力、上皮下神经丛密度均较术前明显改善,OSDI评分、角膜上皮厚度、全角膜厚度、角膜上皮下树突状细胞密度均较术前明显降低(P<0.05),而角膜内皮细胞密度较术前无明显变化(P>0.05)。术后3mo,裸眼视力、OSDI评分、角膜上皮厚度、全角膜厚度、角膜内皮细胞密度与术后1mo无明显差异(P>0.05),但角膜上皮下树突状细胞密度明显下降,上皮下神经丛密度明显增加(P<0.05)。结论:ASP可以有效治疗CED及其诱发的炎症,并可修复其导致的角膜上皮下神经丛缺损。

An integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental study identified key biomarkers CD300A or CXCL1,pathways and immune infiltration in diabetic nephropathy mice

Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is a common microvascular complication that easily leads to end-stage renal disease.It is important to explore the key biomarkers andmolecular mechanisms relevant to diabetic nephropathy(DN).We used highthroughput RNA sequencing to obtain the genes related to DN glomerular tissues and healthy glomerular tissues of mice.Then we used LIMMA to analyze differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between DN and non-diabetic glomerular samples.And we performed KEGG,gene ontology functional(GO)enrichment,and gene set enrichment analysis to reveal the signaling pathway of the disease.The CIBERSORT algorithm based on support vector machine was used to determine the immune infiltration score.Random forest algorithm and Cytoscape obtained hub genes.Finally,we applied co-staining,immunohistochemical staining,RT-qPCR and western blotting to validate the protein and mRNA expression of both hub genes.We obtained 913 DEGs mainly related to inflammatory factors and immunity.GSEA results showed that differential genes were mainly enriched in IL-17 signaling pathway,lipid and atherosclerosis,rheumatoid arthritis,TNF signaling pathway,neutrophil extracellular trap formation,Staphylococcus aureus infection and other pathways.The intersection of the random forest algorithm and Cytoscape revealed both hub genes of CD300A and CXCL1.Experiments have shown that the both key genes of CD300A and CXCL1 shown increased expression in glomerular podocytes,and are related to the inflammation of diabetic nephropathy.And immunohistochemical staining and RT-qPCR further confirmed that the protein and mRNA expression level of CD300A or CXCL1 in glomeruli tissue in DN mice were increased.The expression levels of CD300A and CXCL1 increased significantly under HG(high glucose)stimulation,further confirming that diabetes can lead to increased levels of CD300A and CXCL1 at the cellular level.Through bioinformatics analysis,machine learning algorithms,and experimental research,CD300A and CXCL1 are confirmed as both potential biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy.And we further revealed the main pathways of differential genes and the differentially distributed immune infiltrating cells in diabetic nephropathy.

Immune-related DNA methylation signature associated with APLN expression predicts prognostic of hepatocellular carcinoma

TIME,Immunity,Prognosis,BioinformaticsThis study used transcriptome and epigenetic data to predict the prognosis of immune-related genes(IRGs)Apelin(APLN)in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The TCGA database has gene expression and clinical data for HCC.And DNA methylation 450 k data for HCC was download from the University of California Santa Cruz(UCSC)Xena browser.Performing clinical and prognostic analysis of APLN expression,results show that APLN is highly expressed in tumor samples.And it has an increasing trend with the development of clinical stage and T stage.To explore the prognostic role of APLN,the Immune-related DNA methylation(DNAm)sites associated with APLN analyzed by bioinformatics.Univariate COX screened the methylation sites that are related to both APLN and survival.The risk score related to methylation site signature was determined according to their least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)coefficients.Then the patients were divided into high-risk groups and low-risk groups.Significant differences in overall survival(OS)were found in the training cohort.Nomogram shows that APLN or methylation signature can effectively predict the prognosis of HCC patients.In summary,APLN may be a diagnostic and prognostic marker for HCC.

Impact of Polymer Matrix on Polymer Mechanochromism from Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer

Mechanochromic polymers based on non-covalent changes have attracted much attention recently.Herein,we report the impact of inter/intramolecular hydrogen bonds on polymer mechanochromism from the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process.PhMz-NH2-OH and PhMz=2A are designed and obtained by simple and high-yield synthesis,and are connected into polyurethane and poly(methyl acrylate-co-2-ethylhexyl acrylate),respectively.In the initial state,the PhMz-NH2-OH@PU sample shows blue fluorescence from the excited enol form (E*) excitons,owing to intermolecular hydrogen bonds that interrupt the ESIPT reactions but the PhMz=2A@PMA-2-EA sample expresses cyan fluorescence belonging to the excited keto form (K*) emission,implying that the intramolecular hydrogen bonds matter.Furthermore,under stretching,external force can tune the emission of the PhMz=2A@PMA-2-EA sample from K* to E* state.Though external force can putatively still promote a bond rotation,ESIPT reactions remain equivalently interrupted in both the relaxed and stressed states in a hydrogen-bond donating environment.DFT calculation confirms the force-induced increase in dihedral angle for the transition of ESIPT-on/off.Thus,PhMz-NH2-OH@PU and PhMz=2A@PMA-2-EA showed disparate initial ESIPT states and further different responses/sensitivity to force.This study reports a novel and efficient strategy for enriching mechanochromic investigation and extending the applications of ESIPT reactions.

A Versatile BenzimidazoleSubstituted Spirolactam Mechanophore:When Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Couples with Rhodamine

Exploration of multicolor mechanochromic bulk polymers based on a single mechanophore is a big challenge to date.Herein,we report a versatile benzimidazole-substituted spirolactam mechanophore where excited state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT)coupled with rhodamine.The mechanophore was facilely synthesized and then covalently linked to polyurethane(PU)chains.The PU film containing the mechanophore(1@PU)showed cooperative photochromism upon irradiation involving simultaneous enhancement of normalized enol and rhodol emissions based on a cooperative ESIPT process and the ring-opening reaction of spirolactam.Moreover,the film exhibited dual-mode multicolor mechanochromism upon stretching and compression.The normalized intensity of enol emission increased and the fluorescence turned from light green to cyan after stretching,then red coloration appeared from colorless after compressing.Control experiments and density functional theory calculations confirmed that the stretch-induced increase of enol emission was attributed to torsion of the dihedral angle between xanthene and benzimidazole in the mechanophore via force-induced disaggregation and direct force action on the isolated mechanophore.Torsion of the dihedral angle and the ring-opening reaction of spirolactam in a single mechanophore occurred sequentially during compression,resulting in an observed red coloration.This study might provide a glimpse into the design of novel multicolor mechanochromic mechanophores.

考虑枢纽失效的多式联运快递网络结构设计

为提高快递网络的可靠性和抗风险能力,从多式联运角度构建了快递网络基础模型;同时为枢纽节点选择最佳的备份节点,提出了快递网络设计备份枢纽模型,以应对可能出现的枢纽失效问题,研究枢纽失效后网络结构、总成本、枢纽节点快递处理量的变化,并分析对邻近枢纽和路径产生的影响。案例分析表明:枢纽节点失效会造成快递网络特性、运输路径和方式变化;启用备份枢纽使枢纽处理快递量增多,增大了枢纽点处理快递的压力,可能造成备份枢纽的拥堵。

Plasmon resonance-enhanced graphene nanofilmbased dual-band infrared silicon photodetector

Graphene-based photodetectors have attracted much attention due to their unique properties,such as high-speed and wide-band detection capability.However,they suffer from very low external quantum efficiency in the infrared(IR)region and lack spectral selectivity.Here,we construct a plasmon-enhanced macro-assembled graphene nanofilm(nMAG)based dual-band infrared silicon photodetector.The Au plasmonic nanostructures improve the absorption of long-wavelength photons with energy levels below the Schottky barrier(between metal and Si)and enhance the interface transport of electrons.Combined with the strong photo-thermionic emission(PTI)effect of nMAG,the n MAG–Au–Si heterojunctions show strong dual-band detection capability with responsivities of52.9 mA/W at 1342 nm and 10.72 mA/W at 1850 nm,outperforming IR detectors without plasmonic nanostructures by 58–4562 times.The synergy between plasmon–exciton resonance enhancement and the PTI effect opens a new avenue for invisible light detection.

Numerical research on slamming characteristics of aircraft landing on water

In order to investigate the impact characteristic of an aircraft landing on water,a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation is conducted to explore the slamming characteristics of the NACA TN 2929 A model.The flow around the model is solved by using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the shear stress transport(SST)k—ωturbulence model,based on finite volume method(FVM).The free surface is captured by using the volume of fluid(VOF)method,and the aircraft impact process is realized with help of overset mesh technology.Then,the effects of horizontal and vertical velocities and initial pitch angle on the slamming load,attitude change,impact pressure and flow field evolution are investigated.The results reveal that the horizontal velocity has a considerable influence on whether the aircraft’s horizontal tail hits the water,and further affects the maximum vertical load as well as the maximum pitch angle throughout the impact process.The vertical velocity determines the slamming load before the horizontal tail strikes the water,while the horizontal velocity has a significant effect on the load after the horizontal tail hits the water.A smaller initial pitch angle results in not only a heavier slamming load but also a more dramatic change of the posture after the aircraft impacts the water.The impact pressure of the aircraft is maximized at the junction of the approaching surface of the fuselage and the free surface.In some cases,the pressure is also concentrated on the undersurface of the horizontal tail.

Enhancement of silicon sub‑bandgap photodetection by helium‑ion implantation

Silicon sub-bandgap photodetectors can detect light at the infrared telecommunication wavelengths but with relatively weak photo-response.In this work,we demonstrate the enhancement of sub-bandgap photodetection in silicon by helium-ion implantation,without afecting the transparency that is an important benefcial feature of this type of photodetectors.With an implantation dose of 1×10^(13)ions/cm^(2),the minimal detectable optical power can be improved from−33.2 to−63.1 dBm,or,by 29.9 dB,at the wavelength of 1550 nm,and the photo-response at the same optical power(−10 dBm)can be enhanced by approximately 18.8 dB.Our work provides a method for strategically modifying the intrinsic trade-of between transparency and strong photo-responses of this type of photodetectors.

Sky Blue and Yellow Cluster Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Asymmetric Cu_(4)l_(4) Nanocubes

Controllably optimizing excited-state characteristics is crucial for luminescent nanoclusters but remains a formidable challenge.Herein,we report an effective"ligand-induced asymmetrization"strategy for constructing thermally activated delayed fluorescence-featured cubic Cu4l4 nanoclusters with asymmetric configurations,named[tBCzDBFDP]_(2)Cu_(4)l_(4) and[PTZDBFDP]_(2)Cu_(4)l_(4).Through changing 3,6-di-tert-butyl-carbazole(tBCz)to phenothiazine(PTZ)with a stronger electron-donating effect,emission color is tuned from greenish blue of[tBCzDBFDP]_(2)Cu_(4)l_(4) to yellow of[PTZDBFDP]_(2)Cu_(4)l_(4),as well as the triplet locally excited state of the former to the triplet charge transfer state of the latter.Temperature-correlated spectroscopic investigation indicates that in terms of triplet quenching suppression,[tBCzDBFDP]_(2)Cu_(4)l_(4) is superior to[PTZDBFDP]_(2)Cu_(4)l_(4),in accord with the stabilities of their triplet locally excited state and triplet charge transfer state.As a consequence,these asymmetric Cu4l4 nanocubes endowed their cluster light-emitting diodes with the external quantum efficiencies beyond 12%for sky blue and 8%for yellow.These results suggest the significance and effectiveness of ligand engineering for optoelectronic nanoclusters.

喜马拉雅夏如渐新世淡色花岗岩铌钽钨成矿作用

北喜马拉雅带中段的夏如穹窿核部主要由中高级变沉积岩和花岗片麻岩组成,含电气石-石榴石淡色花岗岩和Be-Nb-Ta伟晶岩(Nb2O5+Ta2O5最高品位为0.014wt%)侵入其中,局部发现Nb-Ta-W矿化的淡色花岗岩和伟晶岩.本研究以这些淡色花岗岩/伟晶岩及其围岩花岗片麻岩为研究对象,利用全岩地球化学特征、Nb-Ta-W氧化物矿物的结构和成分以及铌铁矿族矿物、锆石和独居石U-(Th-)Pb同位素年代学,总结了夏如富Nb-Ta-W淡色花岗岩的成岩成矿特征.夏如富Nb-Ta-W淡色花岗岩是典型的过铝质花岗岩,富硅、富碱,同时微量元素B、Nb、Ta和W含量高,分别为780×10^(−6)、58×10^(−6)、17×10^(−6)和67×10^(−6).这些元素主要赋存在电气石、铌铁矿族矿物、钨铌铁矿、骑田岭矿和黑钨矿中.锆石及独居石U-Th-Pb同位素定年结果(ca.530~387、ca.44、ca.36~35 Ma)显示了夏如地区存在多期次岩浆活动,铌铁矿族矿物定年结果显示Nb-Ta成矿作用仅发生在ca.34~33 Ma.花岗质岩浆发生了高度分异结晶过程,Nb-Ta元素富集形成了铌铁矿,它与岩浆晚期富Ca-W-F流体发生交代作用,形成了骑田岭矿、黑钨矿、白钨矿、细晶石等矿物组合.花岗质片麻岩局部富W,可能也受到了富Nb-Ta-W淡色花岗岩相关的富W流体的影响.喜马拉雅夏如穹窿的Nb-Ta-W成矿作用研究结果丰富了喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩相关稀有金属成矿作用的认识,喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩至少存在两种不同类型的钨成矿作用:矽卡岩型和花岗岩型,为在喜马拉雅找寻相似的成矿类型提供了理论依据.

Proximal policy optimization with an integral compensator for quadrotor control

We use the advanced proximal policy optimization(PPO)reinforcement learning algorithm to optimize the stochastic control strategy to achieve speed control of the"model-free"quadrotor.The model is controlled by four learned neural networks,which directly map the system states to control commands in an end-to-end style.By introducing an integral compensator into the actor-critic framework,the speed tracking accuracy and robustness have been greatly enhanced.In addition,a two-phase learning scheme which includes both offline-and online-learning is developed for practical use.A model with strong generalization ability is learned in the offline phase.Then,the flight policy of the model is continuously optimized in the online learning phase.Finally,the performances of our proposed algorithm are compared with those of the traditional PID algorithm.

Towards One Health:Reflections and practices on the different fields of One Health in China

Due to the increase in human population,habitat destruction,and the close interaction between humans,animals and the environment,these dynamic changes are a threat to the health of human,animal and environment.Therefore,we required intervention consisting of medical,veterinary,environment and other relevant disciplines and sectors in combination.If biological and environmental health is supposed to be optimum,cooperation and coordination is necessary between the multi‐sectoral stakeholders responsible for the efforts.It not limits to a region or country on a worldwide scope.One Health encourages a collaborative,coordinated,and multidisciplinary approach to ensure the health and wellbeing of humans,animals,and the environment across different spatial levels,it aims to optimal health for lives and the environment,and recognizing the interconnection between people,animals,plants,and their shared environment.This review discussed the essential to integrate One Health in the areas of infectious diseases,food safety,antimicrobial resistance,ecological environment,and chronic diseases etc.,and discuss the practice of One Health in each area with some examples,hoping that One Health will serve as a framework to solve the challenges and issues facing China.