损伤控制理论在急性化脓性胆囊炎高龄患者治疗中的应用

目的：探讨损伤控制理论在急性化脓性胆囊炎高龄患者治疗中的应用。方法：回顾性分析急性化脓性胆囊炎高龄患者10 例的临床资料，分析损伤控制理论的作用。结果：10 例患者均顺利出院，其中1 例患者一期拔除胆囊造瘘管，8 例于术后2～3 个月返院行二期胆囊切除术。结论：损伤控制理论指导急性化脓性胆囊炎高龄患者的治疗，提高了患者存活率及疾病治愈率。

The Difficulties in Raising Fertility Rates-The Deficiencies and Improvements of the Maternity Protection System for Women of Childbearing Age

Fertility policies consist of not only the legal definition of"procreation",but also the"maternity"protection system,the complete set of selfconsistent social relations and policy systems formed around"fertility".Gender,labor and intergenerational relations are the cornerstones of a fertility policy system.In this framework,we focus on women of childbearing age as the main actors of reproductive behaviors,to research how drastic social changes have altered women,the above-mentioned relations,and policy support and analyze the structural factors that restrict women’s reproductive intentions.The traditional male breadwinner model,which can no longer prevail and the relatively slow development of maternity protection policies and service systems leave women of childbearing age in a dilemma between working hours and birth timing.Therefore,maternity protection policies should focus on improved decommodification of maternity insurance and the construction of women and children’s social welfare systems including childcare social service systems.

A Review of Research on the Employment Effect of Artificial Intelligence Applications

Based on the concept of artificial intelligence(AI)and the summary of existing research methods,this essay reviews the theoretical and empirical research into AI’s impact on industrial distribution,jobs,wages and other aspects in the field of employment.The essay finds that AI technology accelerates job polarization in the labor market and causes wage inequality during this process while taking over some occupations and promoting the flow of labor among different industries.In the long run,the substitution and creation effects will coexist for the long term,and the creation effects will exercise increasingly obvious influence;wage inequality can be compensated by long-term social policies;job polarization will not last for long;and workers’flow between industries is essentially a result of matching labor skills with task needs after technological changes.More scholars believe that the impact of artificial intelligence on employment in the future is controllable,and the key is in the broad and effective human-computer cooperation facilitated by the improvement of labor’s skill levels through education and training.

超晶格结构刀具涂层的制备工艺与性能研究

超晶格涂层刀具因其独特的二维物相结构,具有超高的硬度及耐磨性等力学性能,广泛应用于高速切削和干切削的机械加工。试验表明,通过多弧离子镀膜技术,在原有TiN和CrN涂层制备基础上,加上适量的AL和Si元素,可以获得具有超晶格结构的复合刀具涂层,具有更高的硬度、更低的摩擦因数及良好的抗高温氧化性能和切削寿命。

录井知识库与查询系统的建设与应用

目前录井信息平台数据库仍是以随钻资料为主,缺少完井资料和随钻相关资料分析,在实际应用中不利于对资料真实性进行有效判断,制约了井场信息的综合应用。通过对录井知识库与查询系统框架的设计与构建,以建设钻完井资料库、随钻解释及地质导向数据库、井下测试数据库、专家知识库为基础,以提高录井信息服务水平为目的,扩展钻井、录井、测井等随钻实时信息,增加大数据搜索引擎,实现信息智能化检索查询及展示。并且可以利用GIS实现跨区导航,定位到单井查看详细的施工数据,实现了业务报表、非结构化信息、综合录井、随钻测井、轨迹跟踪和随钻录井图的集成展示。针对井筒知识库数据库的扩展搭建,实现了录井专业应用数据和成果数据的集中管理。在现场应用247口井,系统运行平稳,为勘探生产管理与决策提供了快捷准确的技术支撑平台。

Chinese Solution for the Construction of An Ecological Civilization and Its World Significance

For the construction of an ecological civilization, the socialist system with Chinese characteristics provides a reliable institutional guarantee, its theory of an ecological civilization offers ideological guidance, and the dominant role of governments furnishes a powerful driver. A top-level design for the construction of an ecological civilization, a holistic approach to socioeconomic development and the construction of an ecological civilization, the establishment and constant improvement of institutional mechanisms, and the deep combination of poverty alleviation and ecological governance provide both Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions for the problem of the ecological environment. Environmental protection in China certainly has a long way to go, and the Chinese solution for the construction of an ecological civilization still needs to be constantly improved in practice.

A Brief Discussion on the Marxist Theory of the Essence of Culture

Marxism holds that the internal essence of culture lies in the inherent identity of culture and man,and in the spiritual essence of man and that there would be no culture without man and man’s spirit.From the perspective of the source of culture,it is man’s transcendence over nature.From the point of view of the process of its evolution,it is the sum of all human social relationships.Culture has the characteristics of man’s sociality and is shared by an entire cultural community.The essential complexity of culture is the logical expression of human thinking,and the logic reflection of cultural practice.Cultural practice,i.e.,human practice,is influenced and constrained not only by external practice,but also by the consciousness of man himself.Such two-way internal and external effects determine the particular law and logic of culture itself in its development,i.e.,the dialectical unity between decisiveness and selectivity,and between nationality and cosmopolitanness,in the development of culture;the dialectical unity between the consistency of basic trends in terms of the law of cultural development and the diversity of choices of paths;and the dialectical unity between diversity and unity concerning paths for the development of culture.

未完成的“女性书写”:陈彦戏曲现代戏女性形象分析

陈彦是中国当代著名剧作家。自20世纪80年代以来,他创作了以“西京三部曲”《迟开的玫瑰》《大树西迁》《西京故事》为代表的十多部戏曲现代戏剧本,荣获过曹禺戏剧奖、文华奖、中国戏曲现代戏突出成就奖等多种国家级奖项荣誉。可以说,陈彦在秦腔、眉户等地方剧种现代戏创作领域取得的成就,某种程度上代表着新时期中国戏曲现代戏创作与批评的主流价值倾向。

Responsive Government:The Diversity and Institutional Performance of Online Political Deliberation Systems

Along with innovation in ICT technology and the spread of the internet,the online network,through its“technological empowerment”of citizens and governments,has driven a series of institutional changes designed to promote government responsiveness.The global spread of online political deliberation is indeed an achievement of the internetdriven construction of responsive government.In recent years,the Chinese government has vigorously promoted online political deliberation,established virtual platforms to build bridges between netizens and public power,brought internet activism into institutional channels,and implemented political absorption and online consultation.Under the influence of policy initiatives and local innovations,China has created diversified response systems that strengthen the institutionalization of online political deliberation and thereby enable this system to play an active role in improving government capacity and regulating the relationship between the state and society.At present,China has seven types of online response:the Communist Party Committee-led mode,the mixed mode,the governmentled mode and the modes led by the departments in charge of absorption,business,supervision departments,and petitioning.Empirical studies show that the diversity and degree of institutionalization of online political deliberation significantly affect institutional performance and that political authority and professionalism are important features that enable the different response systems to influence institutional performance.In short,the endogenous elements of the response system—level of institutionalization and institutional diversity—are key factors in institutional performance.

The Impact of Global Warming on Russia's Ecological Environment

The Russian ecosystem is a complex consisting of the Arctic marine ecosystem,the tundra,forest,steppe,mountain and island ecosystems,as well as the terrestrial and water ecosystems,the spatial ecosystem,the atmospheric ecosystem,the soil ecosystem,etc.Rather than being independent,these ecosystems are interactive.Global warming,so destructive to the global ecosystem,particularly affects Russia due to the country’s unique geographical position.It is a double-edged sword for the Russian ecosystem;it does have some beneficial effects,but on the whole,its negative consequences outweigh the benefits.Specific negative effects are the decrease in the Arctic sea ice,the increase in carbon emissions,the lessening of biodiversity,an increase in forest pests and diseases,the spread of contagious diseases,the frequency of forest fires,changes in the habitat conditions of biological species,and environmental degradation.In recent years,coping with these negative effects has become a major challenge for Russia’s sustainable development.Therefore,Russia is actively participating in international cooperation to deal with global warming and is optimizing the relevant domestic mechanisms.To ensure the stable and balanced development of society and the economy,Russia has been striving to reduce Russian greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent by 2030 compared to 1990,in order to further improve the country’s ecosystems.

“Family-bound”or“Pulled by Work”?—A Study of Chinese Women’s Social Participation and the Factors Influencing It

On the basis of an analysis of data from the Chinese Social Survey(CSS)2015,and with male social participation as the reference,we undertook an empirical study of Chinese women’s current social participation and the factors affecting it along the two dimensions of“marriage and family life”and“employment and income status,”as well as the basic characteristics of individuals.Our findings show that in general women display a lower level of social participation than men.In terms of type of social participation,women are more likely to take part in policy-supported activities or serve as volunteers for public interest activities but less likely to participate in the activities of particular“action organizations”or the expression of opinion.Women’s social participation is affected by many factors,including basic individual characteristics,marital status and family life,and employment and income status.A further gender comparison finds that female social participation tends to be more affected by marriage and family life,whereas male social participation is more closely related to employment and income status.We conclude that although more Chinese women have stepped out of the bonds of“home and family,”their social participation“outside the family”is family-bound in a way that is quite different that of men.Hence if we are to pursue gender equality at the level of social participation,it remains necessary to give women greater assurances in terms of marriage and family life by encouraging the realization of their self-worth and facilitating their social development,so as to coordinate and alleviate the double pressures of family and work,thus making women’s social participation an important force and enhancing their all-round development.

The “Absence” of Asian Regional Economic Integration and the Development Orientation of the Belt and Road

Asia has a special significance in China’s neighborhood strategy.Geographically,the Belt and Road Initiative faces the countries of Asia or China’s neighbors in the first place.Asia is clearly marked by an imbalance in and“absence”of regional economic integration.This“absence”is two-fold:it is expressed on the one hand as a lack of unified institutional arrangements for regional economic integration,and on the other as the inability of underdeveloped countries in the region to truly participate in regional economic integration and thereby gain opportunities for development.Compared with the rule-oriented nature of existing regional economic integration mechanisms,the Belt and Road Initiative,as a new type of regional cooperation mechanism,displays an orientation towards development.All existing regional economic integration arrangements,regardless of their form,establish specific rules on access thresholds,the rights and duties of member countries,schedules and roadmaps,dispute resolution mechanisms and so forth.This is not the case for the Belt and Road,which is not predicated on specific rules,but establishes its overall framework by orienting itself towards development.Overall,the development orientation of the Belt and Road is helpful not only in overcoming the inherent defects of Asian regional economic integration,but in responding to the new challenge of anti-globalization.This is an institutional public good that China offers to Asia and to the world.

"On Practice" and "On Contradiction" :The Inspiration behind the Sinicization of Marxist Philosophy

Mao Zedong＇s ＂On Practice＂ and ＂On Contradiction＂ result from the combination of Marxist philosophy, the revolutionary practice of China and the fine achievements of traditional Chinese philosophy, and have enriched and developed Marxist epistemology and dialectics. ＂On Practice＂ and ＂On Contradictiott＂ are paradigms of the sinicization of Marxist philosophy, providing valuable inspiration for its further sinicization by elevating rich practical experience to the level of philosophical theory; learning from and absorbing the latest achievements of contemporary Marxist philosophy; inheriting and developing the fine heritage of traditional Chinese philosophy; going from specific philosophical issues to the sinicization of Marxist philosophy; and making philosophy into a national cause.

Governance Change and Political Identity in the Internet Age

The advent of the Internet era has triggered profound changes in national governance,and the profound complexity and highly uncertain nature of governance have imposed new requirements on political identification in the new era.Whether seen environmentally from the point of view of the governance environment or from the point of view of the subjects and structures of governance,the changes brought about by the Internet to national governance have challenged political identity.Therefore,in response to the challenges to political identification posed by changes in Internet governance in the context of the new era,it is necessary to reconstruct new bonds for the political identity of the mass of the people by promoting the modernization of Internet governance on the basis of maintaining a firm grip on domination of cyberspace ideology:implementing integrated governance to achieve developmental identity;strengthening service-oriented governance to build subject identification;and promoting responsive governance to enhance sustainable identity.

The Resolution of Social Contradictions and Attainment of Societal Governance through the Justice System at the Present Stage——Using the Analytical Framework of Rational Choice Theory

The reality that social contradictions are intensifying in some parts of China has revealed some inescapable defects in the current stage of our criminal justice system and has presented new challenges to criminal justice. Justice is a crucial factor in effective linkages between social governance and the path to the rule of law, and the attainment of good social governance through justice is a basic marker of a rule of law society. Using the rational choice framework to examine representative individual cases, we can see that theories of participatory governance, self-governance and polycentric governance provide an approach to the interpretation of extreme social contradictions and the reduction of social conflicts, thus constituting a theoretical support and guiding direction for the reform of the judicial system. This will enable us to create a dispute resolution mechanism consistent with the concept of societal governance and judicial principles.

Internal Drivers and the Specialization Status of Under-developed Countries: Evidence from China's High-tech Industry

This study incorporates value-added ratio （VAR） and productivity into the analytical framework of intra-product specialization （IPS） as a globally comparable index for international specialization status （ISS）, to analyze the effect of domestic technological innovation, labor force investment, capital investment and foreign direct investment （FDI） spillovers on the ISS of developing countries. It also tests the effects empirically against the data from Chinese high-tech industries and enterprises. The results show that domestic technological innovation and the improved coordination of material capital and human capital are key internal drivers in the improvement of the ISS of Chinese high-tech industries, whereas FDI spillovers play a relatively limited role therein. Therefore, the key to China＇s industry upgrading is to tap and nurture the internal motive forces rather than to rely on FDI spillovers.

The Failure of Labor Dispatch Regulation and Its Remedy

In the course of the drafting, enactment and amendment of the Labor Contract Law of the People＇s Republic of China, the legal provisions regulating labor dispatch have been tightened up. In practice, however, the labor dispatch system is flourishing in a way that defies market trends. The ultimate reason for this is that much of the system goes under the name of human resource outsourcing to bamboozle the public and evade the law, in effect making the legal provisions a dead letter. The result is that the more the industry is regulated, the more it multiplies and the more chaotic it becomes. Based on comparative law research methodology, this article reviews the legal systems relating to labor dispatch in Germany, the US and other countries. It demonstrates and affirms the institutional value of the labor dispatch system, and categorizes its different types. The fundamental cause of the phenomenon of labor dispatch＇s assumption of the guise of human resource outsourcing is the absence of substantive review. We suggest introducing and perfecting such investigation to stem the industry＇s deep-seated abuses.

Experiential Logic in the Transformation of Contemporary China’s Social Governance

How does Chinese society maintain its orderly operation and show stability and harmony to the utmost while China rapidly transforms its economic system and international circumstances become increasingly complicated?This is an important question that this essay tries to answer,and the analysis mainly involves the exploratory practice of the transformation of Chinese social governance.This exploratory practice is a process through which China constantly breaks through the traditional blockades of vested interests,overcomes newly formed challenges,and forms a new Chinese-style“one axis and multiple components”pattern of social governance during its rapid re-establishment of both social relationship structure and social psychology order on the unbalanced and insufficient conditions of development within its vast territory.During this process,the constant return to the CPC’s mass line,as well as the“mechanism of reversed transmission of pressure,”the“anticipation-led mechanism”and the“mechanism of turning crisis into opportunity”that the CPC has improved during its long-term revolutionary struggles and its deepening of reform and opening-up,has played an important part.The simplistic duplication of Western theoretical analytic paradigms cannot explain the experiential mechanism for the transformation of social governance,which is peculiar to China.The creation of research framework of“system and life”is just an effort for comparison and dialogues with Western classical theories.It is not only helpful for the development of sociology about Chinese transformation,but will provide new knowledge for worldwide social transformation.

The Micro-Formation Mechanism of Trade Conflicts between Large Developing Countries: India's Anti-dumping Action against China

Employing Grossman and Helpman＇s ＂protection for sale＂ model, this article uses data on anti-dumping actions from 1999 to 2009 to perform a quantitative analysis of factors influencing India＇s determinations of anti-dumping duties against China, and reveals the micro-formation mechanism of economic conflicts between China and India. We find that the political power of India＇s anti-dumping plaintiffs markedly increases the tariff level of its final determinations and that the relationship between the import penetration ratio and duty rates depends upon whether the plaintiffs are politically organized. Further, there is a significant positive correlation between India＇s anti-dumping duty rates and its unfavorable trade balance with China. This indicates that in determining anti-dumping duties, Indian authorities are clearly influenced by the political clout of their domestic interest groups. They are also motivated by the desire to keep down China and gain the upper hand in the face-off between the ＂dragon and the elephant.＂

Introduction

Since the 1960s, the boundaries of sovereign states have begun to be permeated and surmounted by global issues, with the interaction between state governance and global governance becoming the new normal in the governance of public affairs of mankind. This has attracted widespread attention and led to unprecedented exploration in disciplines including economics, sociology, law, and international relations. Ideas about global governance, state governance and the interactive relationship between the two have taken shape over the course of human civilization. Examining the interactive developmental path of global and state governance,