Organic matter pores in the chang 7 lacustrine shales from the Ordos Basin and its effect on reflectance measurement

To quantify the pore characteristics of various macerals in Chang 7 lacustrine shales,macerals were effectively identified according to their optical and morphological characteristics,and the nanoscale pore structure of macerals was observed by scanning electron microscope.Meanwhile,the reflectances of different positions in the same pieces of vitrinite or solid bitumen with heterogeneous pores development were measured.The results showed that the average contents of sapropelinite,liptinite,vitrinite,inertinite and solid bitumen are 42.7%,8.7%,13.6%,13.8% and 21.2%,respectively,which suggests that the source of the organic matter of the Chang 7 shales is a mixed source input.The organic pores of Chang 7 shales are enriched,and the pore shapes are mostly round or elliptical.The pore size of organic pores has a wide distribution,mainly concentrate in the range of 100-400 nm,and the average plane porosity of organic pores is 10.13%.The size order of the organic pores in various macerals is:solid bitumen<bituminite<alginite<vitrinite<fusinite<liptinite.The abundance order of organic matter pores of each maceral is as follows:alginite>fusinite>bituminite>solid bitumen>vitrinite>liptinite.OM pores are mainly contributed by bituminite,solid bitumen and fusinite.The plane porosity of bituminite increases with maturity.In the process of thermal evolution,the plane porosity of fusinite is distributed in the two ranges of 20%-28% and 1%-7%.The former is mainly the primary pores of the fusinite itself,and the latter is the secondary pores formed in the thermal evolution.As for the organic pores of other macerals,no obvious thermal evolution law was found.Meanwhile,the surface imperfections of vitrinite or solid bitumen is enhanced by the enrichment of organic pores(an increase in pore size or pore number),which may result in the underestimation of their reflectances.

Comparison of Clinical and Radiographic Changes after Bryan Disc Arthroplasty versus ACDF: A 60-Month Follow-Up on 120 Patients

Background: Artificial cervical disc replacement has become an option for cervical radiculopathy. Previous studies have evaluated the efficacy of this alternative without the scientific rigor of a concurrent control population in oriental patients for long-term follow-up. Objective: Therefore, we asked whether the 1) clinical and 2) radiographic outcomes of Bryan cervical disc prosthesis were better than that of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) at single site, and whether the 3) occurrences of heterotopic ossifications (HOs) were associated to the function loss in the long-term follow-up. Methods:?A total of 120 patients with cervical disc disease were randomly assigned to two groups (Bryan or ACDF), and 60-month follow-up is available for all the 120 patients. Clinical outcomes were assessed using Odom’s criteria, visual analogue pain scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI). Radiographs were measured to determine the radiographic outcomes and occurrences of heterotopic ossifications (HOs).?Results: The clinical outcomes are not significantly between the two groups (VAS, P = 0.7253;NDI, P = 0.5528). The radiographic outcome ofBryancervical disc prosthesis is better than that of ACDF group at the index level (P < 0.05). 36 (60%) patients ofBryangroup developed heterotopic ossification. But, there is not a significant association between HOs and the loss of movement at the replacement level. Conclusions: The Bryan artificial disc replacement compares favorably to ACDF for the treatment of patients with 1-level cervical disc disease. And theBryandisc may delay adjacent level degeneration by preserving preoperative kinematics at adjacent levels in oriental patients.

Numerical and experimental study on the falling film flow characteristics with the effect of co-current gas flow in hydrogen liquefaction process

Liquid hydrogen storage and transportation is an effective method for large-scale transportation and utilization of hydrogen energy. Revealing the flow mechanism of cryogenic working fluid is the key to optimize heat exchanger structure and hydrogen liquefaction process(LH2). The methods of cryogenic visualization experiment, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are conducted to study the falling film flow characteristics with the effect of co-current gas flow in LH2spiral wound heat exchanger.The results show that the flow rate of mixed refrigerant has a great influence on liquid film spreading process, falling film flow pattern and heat transfer performance. The liquid film of LH2mixed refrigerant with column flow pattern can not uniformly and completely cover the tube wall surface. As liquid flow rate increases, the falling film flow pattern evolves into sheet-column flow and sheet flow, and liquid film completely covers the surface of tube wall. With the increase of shear effect of gas-phase mixed refrigerant in the same direction, the liquid film gradually becomes unstable, and the flow pattern eventually evolves into a mist flow.

Meta-analysis and sequential analysis of acupuncture compared to carbamazepine in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia

BACKGROUND In this randomized controlled trial(RCT)comparing current acupuncture with carbamazepine for trigeminal neuralgia,meta-and sequential analyses were utilized.AIM To guide clinical decision making regarding the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with carbamazepine.METHODS The RCT literature on needle comparison was searched in various Chinese biomedical databases including Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,Wanfang Data,VIP Database,as well as international databases such as Excerpt Medica Database,Cochrane Library,PubMed,and Web of Science,along with related clinical registration platforms such as World Health Organization International Clinical Trial Registry Platform,ChiCTR,and Clinical Trials up to 1 April 2020.Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaborative Risk Bias tool,primary outcome measures(pain reduction)were analyzed using STATA metaanalysis,outcome measures were analyzed using trial sequential analysis 0.9.5.10 Beta sequential analysis,GRADE was used to assess the evidence,and adverse reactions were documented.RESULTS This study analyzed 16 RCTs with a total of 1231 participants.The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in pain reduction between acupuncture and carbamazepine[standardized mean difference(SMD)=1.47;95%confidence interval(CI):0.99-1.95],although the quality of evidence was deemed to be of extremely low quality.Cumulative meta-analysis based on the year of publication indicated that carbamazepine treatment first demonstrated a statistically significant difference in pain reduction in 2014 and remained relatively stable over time[SMD=1.84;95%CI:0.22-3.47].Additionally,the number of adverse events associated with acupuncture was significantly lower compared to carbamazepine.CONCLUSION Acupuncture for trigeminal neuralgia is better than analgesia and safer than carbamazepine;however,firm conclusions still require a high-quality,multicenter,large-sample RCT to confirm these findings.

吡咯替尼联合曲妥珠单抗和帕妥珠单抗新辅助治疗HER-2阳性乳腺癌的回顾性研究

目的:比较曲妥珠单抗(trastuzumab,H)联合化疗与吡咯替尼(pyrotinib,Py)或帕妥珠单抗(pertuzumab,P)联合化疗的疗效和安全性,并探讨影响患者总体病理完全缓解(total pathologic complete response,tpCR)率的因素。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年12月于福建医科大学附属协和医院行新辅助治疗的330例HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者的临床病理资料,比较H+Py组(47例)、H+P组(268例)和H组(15例)分别联合化疗的疗效和安全性,并采用统计学方法分析影响患者tpCR率的因素。结果:所有患者的平均tpCR率为56.7%(187/330),H+P组和H+Py组的tpCR率分别为60.4%(162/268)和44.7%(21/47),H+Py组3级不良反应最高达21.3%(10/47),药物减量和3级不良反应影响H+Py组的tpCR率。影响所有患者tpCR率的独立影响因素是激素受体(hormone receptor,HR)和HER-2状态,HR阴性患者的tpCR率是HR阳性的3.217倍,而HER-2(+++)患者的tpCR率是HER-2(++)的3.710倍。结论:H+Py组的疗效劣于H+P组而优于H组,3级不良反应及药物减量影响H+Py组的疗效。应加强药物不良反应的管控,保证足剂量用药,H+Py联合化疗仍是HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者新辅助治疗的可选方案之一。HR和HER-2状态是患者tpCR率的预测因子。

Five-Year Surveillance of Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infection in an Intensive Care Unit Population—A Retrospective Analysis

Background: Central venous catheters (CVCs) are essential to current intensive care unit (ICU) practices as a tool for treating critically ill patients. However, the use of CVCs is associated with substantial risk of infection. Central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is increasing in prevalence each year and is among the major causes of bloodstream infection in ICU patients. Therefore, investigating the epidemiology and risk factors of CLABSI in ICU patients is important. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the incidence rates, causative pathogens and risk factors of CLABSI in an ICU population. Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed in an ICU at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University in China from January 2016 to December 2020. Patients with at least one CVC were enrolled, and information relevant to CVC use was recorded. The prevalence was calculated, and related risk factors were analyzed. Results: A total of 1920 catheters were identified, 507 of which were eligible for analysis. For each of the years 2016-2020, the incidence rates of CLABSI were 1.91, 3.18, 1.69, 2.97 and 1.27 per 1000 catheter days, respectively. The yeast Candida albicans was the most prevalent pathogen (16 [(3.2%]), followed by Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (11 [2.2%]) and the Gram-negative multidrug-resistant pathogen Acinetobacter baumanii. Risk factors associated with CLABSI development were age, (p = 0.05), Charlson comorbidity index > 5 (p Conclusion: Candida albicans was the most common causative microorganism, which was followed by Gram positive methicillin resistant Staphylococcus, MDR K. pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumanii.

皮层缺血致局灶性起源运动性发作1例

老年癫痫在癫痫人群中占主要比例,有研究表明,约25%的新发癫痫为老年人[1],在病因、发作形式、诊断与鉴别诊断、治疗等方面与其他年龄段均有所不同,尤其是发作形式常不典型,复杂多样,容易误诊为脑血管病、晕厥、精神异常等。现报道天津中医药大学附属北辰中医医院诊断的1例老年局灶性癫痫发作。

碳纤维增强共聚酰胺6-66复合材料的制备及性能

通过两段式聚合法制备共聚酰胺PA6-66,然后采用熔融共混得到碳纤维增强PA6-66复合材料(CF/PA6-66)。对复合材料的断面形貌、热性能、结晶性能、非等温结晶动力学、熔体流变性、力学性能和动态力学性能进行了分析。差示扫描量热(DSC)和热重分析结果表明,CF/PA6-66复合材料的熔点约为190℃,分解温度在376℃以上。DSC和X射线衍射分析表明,CF的加入加快了聚合物的结晶速率,促进γ晶型的形成。力学性能和熔体流变性能测试结果表明,随着CF含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度与缺口冲击强度均先升高后降低,当CF含量为20%时,CF/PA6-66复合材料的拉伸强度与弯曲强度分别为95.54 MPa和121.42 MPa,相比纯PA6-66分别提升了82.26%和81.17%,同时其黏流活化能仅为35.43 kJ/mol。

Inflammatory microenvironment and expression of chemokines in hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To study the inflammatory microenvironment and expression of chemokines in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in nude mice.METHODS:CBRH-7919 HCC cells were injected into the subcutaneous region of nude mice.Beginning two weeks after the challenge,tumor growth was measured every week for six weeks.The stromal microenvironment and inflammatory cell infiltration was assessed by immunohistochemistry in paired tumor and adjacent peritumoral samples,and macrophage phenotype was assessed using double-stain immunohistochemistry incorporating expression of an intracellular enzyme.A chemokine PCR array,comprised of 98 genes,was used to screen differential gene expressions,which were validated by Western blotting.Additionally,expression of identified chemokines was knocked-down by RNA interference,and the effect on tumor growth was assessed.RESULTS:Inflammatory cell infiltrates are a key feature of adjacent peritumoral tissues with increased macrophage,neutrophil,and T cell(specifically helperand activated subsets)infiltration.Macrophages within adjacent peritumoral tissues express inducible nitric oxide synthase,suggestive of a proinflammatory phenotype.Fifty-one genes were identified in tumor tissues during the progression period,including 50that were overexpressed(including CXCL1,CXCL2 and CXCL3)and three that were underexpressed(CXCR1,Ifg and Actb).RNA interference of CXCL1 in the CBRH-7919 cells decreased the growth of tumors in nude mice and inhibited expression of CXCL2,CXCL3and interleukin-1βprotein.CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that CXCL1plays a critical role in tumor growth and may serve as a potential molecular target for use in HCC therapy.

Oncological outcome of surgical treatment in 336 patients with renal cell carcinoma

Background and Objective: The most effective therapy against renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is surgical treatment; however, there have been few large-scale studies that focused on the oncological outcome of this disease in China. The aim of the current study was to report the clinicopathological results and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate in RCC patients after surgical treatment in our center. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 336 RCC patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy between 1999 and 2006. Of the 336 patients, 226 were male and 110 were female; the median age was 51 years. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the independent prognostic predictors for this cohort of RCC patients. Results: During follow-up, the overall 5-year CSS rate was 81.4%. The 5-year CSS rates for patients with stage-I, -II, -III, and -IV RCC were 94.7%, 88.9%, 68.8%, and 19.3%, respectively. The patients with T1N0M0 (T1) and T2N0M0 (T2) tumors had similar survival curves. For patients with T1 category tumor, the survival rate did not differ significantly between the radical nephrectomy and nephron-sparing surgery groups. For the 21 patients with metastasis confined to the local lymph nodes, the 5-year survival rate was 31.6% after radical nephrectomy and lymph node dissection. For the 15 patients with vena caval tumor thrombus, the 5-year survival rate was 52.5% after radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombus extirpation. Multivariate Cox regression showed that stage was an independent predictor for CSS (hazard ratio, 3.359; P < 0.001). Conclusions: For localized RCC, the oncological outcome of this cohort is comparable to that reported in the Western literature. For some patients with locally advanced RCC, aggressive surgical treatment can lead to better long-term survival. However, the prognosis of the patients with metastasis still needs to be improved.

Mitochondrial oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by high glucose through Rho kinase signal pathway in renal tubular epithelial cells

Objective:To investigate the role of oxidative stress in human renal tubular epithelial cells(HK-2)induced by high glucose and the underlying signal pathway in vitro.Methods:MYPT1,pro-caspase-3,PGC-1α,and Drpl protein expressions were measured by Western blot.MnSOD2,Drp1 and PGC-1αmRNA expressions were detected by real time PCR.Results:Results showed that high glucose significantly up-regulated the protein expressions of MYPT1,pro-caspase-3 and the mRNA expression of MnSOD2 in HK-2 cells;while Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil and ROCK1 siRNA inhibited protein expressions of pro-caspase-3 and the mRNA expression of MnSOD2 in HK-2 cells induced by high glucose.Importantly,fasudil and ROCK1 siRNA markedly inhibited the expressions of mitochondrial motor proteins Drp1 and mitochondrial gene PGC-la in HK-2 cell=s induced by high glucose.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that Rho kinase signal pathway is involved in mitochondrial oxidative damage and apoptosis in high glucose-induced renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating mitochondrial motor proteins Drp1 and mitochondrial gene PGC-1α.Targeting Rho kinase signal pathway might be a potential strategy for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Complications of radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective study comparing transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches using a standardized reporting methodology in two Chinese centers

The reporting of complications following transperitoneal and retroperitoneal open radical nephrectomy (RN) is nonstandardized. This study aimed to compare early complications between the two approaches using a standardized reporting methodology in a large contemporary cohort. Between 1996 and 2009, 558 patients underwent open RN for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in our two centers (424 from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and 134 from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University). Records were reviewed for clinicopathologic features and complications. Complications were graded using the Clavien system based on the severity of impact. One hundred and five patients (18.8%) had one or more early complications (168 complications overall). The overall rates of grades I to V complications were 5.6%, 10.8%, 2.2%, 0.4%, and 0.2%, respectively. Patients who underwent transperitoneal RN did not experience more overall or procedure-related complications than those who underwent retroperitoneal RN (P=0.911 and P=0.851, respectively). On subgroup analysis, neither grade I/II nor grades III-V complications were significantly different between the transperitonal RN and retroperitoneal RN groups. Multivariate analysis showed that for any grade of complication, age (P=0.016) and estimated blood loss (P=0.001) were significant predictors. We concluded that open RN is a safe procedure associated with low rates of serious morbidity and mortality. Compared with retroperitoneal RN, transperitoneal RN was not associated with more complications. Older patient and more blood loss at surgery were independent predictors for higher early postoperative complication rates.

Impact of serum levels of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and endothelial lipase on the progression of coronary artery disease

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum levels of lipoprotein lipase(LPL), hepatic lipase(HL), and endothelial lipase(EL) and the progression of coronary artery disease(CAD).Materials and methods: According to the inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, diagnostic criteria, angiography results, and the random matching scheme, the enrolled patients were divided into the following two groups: the progression-free group(n ? 47) and the progression group(n ? 15). The baseline characteristics and various biochemical parameters were obtained from the medical records and medical history. Serum LPL, HL, and EL levels were detected by ELISA. The correlation between serum LPL, HL, and EL levels and coronary lesions was statistically analyzed with SPSS software.Results: Significant differences were observed in serum levels of HL and EL between the progression-free group and the progression group(HL, 75.5 ? 39.2 ng/mL vs. 125.1 ? 42.1 ng/mL, P < 0.05;EL, 139.2 ? 59.6 pg/mL vs.175.1 ? 40.1 pg/mL, P < 0.05), while the difference in the LPL level was not significant(P > 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC) values of LPL, HL, and EL were 0.506(95% CI: 0.369–0.642, P ? 0.9470), 0.792(95% CI: 0.664–0.888, P < 0.0001), and 0.693(95% CI:0.553–0.811, P ? 0.0095), respectively. Additionally, logistic regression analysis showed that the serum level of HL was an independent risk factor for coronary artery lesion progression.Conclusion: Serum levels of EL and HL, but not the serum level of LPL, were positively correlated with the progression of CAD. The serum level of HL was an independent risk factor for the progression of CAD, while the serum level of EL or LPL was not an independent risk factor for the progression of CAD. For the diagnosis of CAD progression, the serum level of HL was better than the serum level of EL or LPL.

Study on Electrokinetic Remediation of Cadmium-contaminated Soil

In order to improve electrokinetic remediation efficiency of cadmium-contaminated soil,the effects of electric field intensity,remediation time and electrolyte on removal rate of total Cd in Cd-contaminated soil by electrokinetic remediation were studied through the preparation of Cd-contaminated soil and the construction of electrokinetic remediation equipment. The results showed that under the same condition,with the electric field intensity increasing from 2. 5 to 3 V/cm,the total Cd removal rate increased by 10. 62%,and with the increase of the electric field intensity from 3 to 3. 5 V/cm,the removal rate increased by 1. 87%;when the remediation time was prolonged from 72 to 96 h,the removal rate of total Cd increased by 6. 68%,and with the remediation time prolonged from 96 to120 h,the removal rate of total Cd increased by 8. 75%; and with the remediation time prolonged from 120 to 144 h,the removal rate of total Cd only increased by1. 07%. Compared with citric acid as the electrolyte,the acetic acid group improved the remediation efficiency by 12. 14% and the total energy consumption by62. 13%,while the hydrochloric acid group improved the remediation efficiency by 18. 04% and the total energy consumption by 187. 9%. Comprehensively from total Cd removal rate and energy consumption,the remediation effect was the best under the electric field intensity of 3 V/cm and the electrokinetic time of 120 h with acetic acid as the electrolyte,which achieved a total Cd removal rate of 41. 95%.

Radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: oncologic outcome in 271 Chinese patients

Few large scale studies have reported the oncologic outcome of radical cystectomy for treating bladder cancer in China; hence, we lack long-term prognostic information. The aim of the current study was to determine the survival rate and prognostic factors of patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in a Chinese medical center. We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathologic data from 271 bladder cancer patients who underwent radical cystectomy between 2000 and 2011. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify independent prognostic predictors for this cohort. Median follow-up was 31.7 months(range, 0.2–139.1 months). Thirty-day mortality was(1.4%). The 5-year recurrence-free survival, cancer-specific survival(CSS), and overall survival rates were 61.6%, 72.9%, and 68.0%, respectively. The 5-year CSS rates of patients with T1–T4 disease were 90.7%, 85.0%, 51.0%, and 18.0%, respectively. Patients with organ-confined disease had a higher 5-year CSS rate than those with extravesical disease(81.4% vs. 34.9%, P < 0.001). For the 38 patients(14%) with lymph node involvement, the 5-year CSS rate was 27.7%—significantly lower than that of patients without lymph node metastasis(P < 0.001). The 5-year CSS rate was much higher in patients with low grade tumor than in those with high grade tumor(98.1% vs. 68.1%, P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression showed that patient age(hazard ratio, 2.045; P = 0.013) and T category(hazard ratio, 2.213; P < 0.001) were independent predictors for CSS. These results suggest that radical cystectomy is a safe and effective method for treating bladder cancer in Chinese patients. Old age and high T category were associated with poor prognosis in bladder cancer patients who underwent radical cystectomy.

Clinical comparison of patients with benign urachal masses versus urachal carcinomas

The clinical features of 17 patients with benign urachal masses and 30 patients with urachal carcinoma treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were analyzed retrospectively. Univariate analysis indicated that seven parameters difered signiicantly between the two groups. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that the rate of gross hematuria was signiicantly higher(P = 0.042, Exp[B] = 7.889) and the rate of fatty iniltration of the Retzius space was signiicantly lower(P = 0.006, Exp[B] = 0.028) in patients with urachal carcinoma than in those with benign urachal masses. Gross hematuria and fatty iniltration of the Retzius space may be indications of malignant and benign urachal masses, respectively.

Intraarterial chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin in locally advanced or recurrent penile squamous cell carcinoma

The prognosis of locally advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) of the penis after conventional treatment is dismal. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of intraarterial chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin on locally advanced or recurrent SCC of the penis. Between April 1999 and May 2011, we treated 5 patients with locally advanced penile SCC and 7 patients with recurrent disease with intraarterial chemotherapy. The response rate and toxicity data were analyzed, and survival rates were calculated. After 2 to 6 cycles of intraarterial chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin, 1 patients with locoregionally advanced disease achieved a complete response, and 4 achieved partial response. Of the 7 patients with recurrent disease, 2 achieved complete response, 3 achieved partial response, 3 had stable disease, and 1 developed progressive disease. An objective tumor response was therefore achieved in 10 of the 12 patients. The median overall survival for the patients was 24 months(range, 10-50 months). Three out of 10 patients who responded were long-term survivors after intraarterial chemotherapy. Intraarterial chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin may be effective and potentially curative in locoregionally advanced or recurrent penile SCC. The contribution of this therapy in the primary management of advanced or recurrent penile SCC should be prospectively investigated.

AEG-1 participates in high glucose-induced activation of Rho kinase and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in proximal tubular epithelial cells

Objective:To prove whether astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1) plays a role in high glucosestimulated Rho kinase activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) in human renal tubular epithelial(HK-2) cells.Methods:The protein levels of AEG-1,alpha-smooth muscle actin,E-cadherin and MYPT1 were determined by Western blot.Results:AEG-1 protein level was upregulated in HK-2 cells stimulated with high glucose.AEG-1 siRNA downregulated Rho kinase protein expression and blocked high glucose-induced EMT.Conclusions:Our results show that AEG-1 acts a key role in high glucoseinduced activation of Rho kinase and EMT in HK-2 cells.

A Scalable Double-Chain Storage Module for Blockchain

With the growing maturity of blockchain technology,its peer-topeer model and fully duplicated data storage pattern enable blockchain to act as a distributed ledger in untrustworthy environments.Blockchain storage has also become a research hotspot in industry,finance,and academia due to its security,and its unique data storage management model is gradually becoming a key technology to play its value in various fields’applications.However,with the increasing amount of data written into the blockchain,the blockchain system faces many problems in its actual implementation of the application,such as high storage space occupation,low data flexibility and availability,low retrieval efficiency,poor scalability,etc.To improve the above problems,this paper combines off-chain storage technology and deduplication technology to optimize the blockchain storage model.Firstly,this paper adopts the double-chain model to reduce the data storage of the major chain system,which stores a small amount of primary data and supervises the vice chain through an Application Programming Interface(API).The vice chain stores a large number of copies of data as well as non-transactional data.Our model divides the vice chain storage system into two layers,including a storage layer and a processing layer.In the processing layer,deduplication technology is applied to reduce the redundancy of vice chain data.Our doublechain storage model with high scalability enhances data flexibility,is more suitable as a distributed storage system,and performs well in data retrieval.

设计基础理论与实践关系的再认识——设计与日常生活的关系问题

探讨设计与日常生活的关系,以期给设计师和相关研究者提供一定借鉴。通过文献查阅、个案分析等研究方法,将所用信息与自身观点相结合。设计与生活密不可分,相互影响,随社会发展,它们已成为相互融合不可分割的两部分。设计要时刻关注日常生活,考量到人们目前真正的需求,设计师要设计出一件符合大众审美的作品,就必须考虑到设计与日常生活的关系。