Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

To the Editor: Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF-1), or Von Recklinghausen disease, is a genetic disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. It is caused by a mutation in the neurofibromin gene located on chromosome 17, accounting for 96% of all neurofibromatosis cases. This condition can affect multiple systems and often leads to the formation of tumors along the nervous system [1]. Patients with NF-1 may exhibit various symptoms, including Lisch nodules, neurofibromas, scoliosis, café au lait spots, learning disabilities, vision disorders, and epilepsy.

基于“认识规律”的电化学原理课程教学设计——电子转移步骤动力学

电化学原理课程是化学、化工、材料、环境工程和新能源等专业常开的一门课程,普遍使用的教材常以“学科思维”进行编写,不符合学生的认知规律。笔者基于“认知规律”对电化学原理课程中电子转移步骤动力学章节进行了重构,将有助于学生学习目标的达成,体现了新工科建设的思维和内涵。

UHPLC-MS/MS法测定面膜化妆品中甘草、人参和黄芩类功效成分

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)测定面膜化妆品中甘草功效成分(甘草苷、甘草酸)、人参功效成分(人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Re)和黄芩功效成分(黄芩苷)的方法,并用该方法对市售20批面膜样品进行风险监测。样品采用0.1%甲酸甲醇超声提取法,以0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱分离,以UHPLC-MS/MS负离子模式检测。同时对样品前处理条件及色谱-质谱条件进行优化,并对方法学进行验证。结果表明:甘草苷、黄芩苷在0.25~100 ng/mL及人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Re和甘草酸在0.50~200 ng/mL质量浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数大于0.998;检出限为0.41~6.4μg/kg(S/N=3);基质中加标回收率为95.9%~109.1%,相对标准偏差小于4.9%(n=6)。该方法适用于面膜化妆品中甘草、人参和黄芩功效成分的测定。

CEP192过表达可作为胃癌患者不良预后的生物标志物并通过调控G2/M期关键蛋白的表达影响肿瘤细胞恶性增殖

目的探讨CEP192在胃癌中的表达情况及其预后价值,进一步研究其对胃癌细胞生物学功能的影响。方法利用公共数据库探究CEP192在胃癌组织中的表达程度,通过免疫组织化学技术进一步验证CEP192在胃癌中的具体表达状态。通过构建Kaplan-Meier(K-M)生存曲线,探究CEP192蛋白表达与胃癌患者长期预后的关联性。同时,利用单因素和多因素Cox回归分析模型,深入分析影响胃癌患者根治术后5年生存率的风险因素。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析评估CEP192表达水平在预测胃癌患者术后5年生存率的价值。生物信息学功能富集预测CEP192在胃癌发生发展中可能参与的生物学过程。采用慢病毒干扰及过表达CEP192,CCK-8法检测CEP192对胃癌细胞增殖能力的影响,免疫印迹法检测CEP192对胃癌细胞G2/M期关键蛋白PLK1、CDK1、Cyclin B1的影响。将慢病毒稳定转染的各组细胞接种于裸鼠背部皮下进行裸鼠成瘤实验,在体观察CEP192对小鼠体质量、瘤体大小及G2/M期关键蛋白的影响。结果CEP192在胃癌中高表达且与患者预后不良相关(P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析发现,CEP192高表达、CEA≥5 ng/mL、CA199≥37 IU/mL、T3-4期和N2-3期均为影响胃癌患者术后5年生存率的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。GO及REACTOME基因富集分析提示CEP192可能参与细胞周期等生物学过程,GSEA基因集富集分析结果显示CEP192对细胞周期过程呈现正向调控。CCK-8结果示干扰CEP192后MGC-803细胞的增殖能力减弱,过表达细胞增殖能力增强(P<0.05)。免疫印迹结果显示干扰CEP192后PLK1、CDK1、Cyclin B1蛋白表达水平下降,过表达呈上升趋势(P<0.05)。裸鼠皮下成瘤实验结果显示,与对照组相比,干扰CEP192小鼠体质量降低,肿瘤体积变小,PLK1、CDK1、Cyclin B1蛋白水平下调,过表达CEP192则呈现相反趋势(P<0.05)。结论CEP192在胃癌组织中高表达,与患者的不良预后相关,其可能通过调控G2/M期关键蛋白的表达影响肿瘤细胞恶性增殖。

黄河粗泥沙集中来源区实施拦沙工程回顾和思考

黄河粗泥沙集中来源区是对下游淤积危害最大的粗泥沙主要来源区,也是区域水土流失治理的重中之重,其面积占黄河中游多沙粗沙区面积的23.9%。据统计,粗泥沙集中来源区多年平均(1954—2007年系列)输入黄河泥沙2.55亿t/a,侵蚀模数高达1.36万t/(km^(2)·a),是黄土高原强烈侵蚀的中心,因此在该区域实施拦沙工程,构建拦截入黄泥沙的第一道防线势在必行。阐述了黄河粗泥沙集中来源区的水土流失现状和治理现状,回顾和梳理了拦沙工程项目四个阶段的发展历程,从前置要件办理环节多周期长,地方配套资金未能足额到位,财政预审核减中央投资和工程勘察设计费、监理费等,竣工验收工作滞后,监测站点布局不完善、监测内容单一及信息化水平低,工程建设急需中期评估调整等6个方面分析了当前拦沙工程实施过程中存在的问题,并提出了意见和建议。

The Impact of Seasonal Variation on Clinical Pregnancy and Live Birth Rates in Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Hainan

Objective:To investigate the influence of season on live birth and clinical pregnancy rates,as well as assisted reproductive technology(ART)outcomes,in the Hainan region.Methods:Patients were categorized into four groups based on the dates of artificial insemination and transplantation:spring,summer,autumn,or winter.The main outcome measures were clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates.Secondary outcomes included body mass index(BMI),oocyte number,two pronuclei(2PN)cleavage rate,total gonadotropin(Gn)dosage and days,age,2PN fertilization rate,sperm concentration,sperm PR rate,anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH),and endometrial thickness.Outpatient semen quality indicators included sperm PR rate,total sperm count,sperm concentration,and total sperm motility.Results:This retrospective cohort study analyzed 2,016 artificial insemination cycles and 1,783 ovarian retrieval cycles from January 2017 to October 2022,and assessed the semen quality of 6,651 outpatients from May 2017 to October 2022.In artificial insemination cycles,sperm PR rate and clinical pregnancy rate were highest in winter,with a statistically significant difference between groups(P<0.05).Clinical pregnancy rate was influenced by both age and sperm PR rate(P<0.05).In ovarian retrieval cycles,the winter group had significantly higher clinical pregnancy,2PN fertilization,and 2PN cleavage rates than the other groups.The autumn group had higher live birth rates,though not significantly different.Additionally,winter months showed higher total sperm concentration and total sperm number compared to other seasons.Conclusion:Seasonality affected clinical pregnancy and live birth rates in artificial insemination cycles but not in ovarian retrieval cycles in the Hainan region.These findings suggest that while there is no need to choose a specific season for ovarian retrieval cycles,artificial insemination in winter may be preferable for patients.

Brain Complications with Influenza Infection in Children

Objectives: To summarize the characteristics and research progress of influenza-associated brain complications in children and provide references for early diagnosis and brain protection treatment. Methods: Studied published articles of influenza-associated neurocomplications in children from PubMed and summarizes them from epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment, and basic research progress. Results: Common brain complications in flu-children include febrile seizures, influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE), acute or post-influenza encephalitis, and the most severe condition is acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE). However, the mechanism and relevant factors of influenza-associated brain damage have not been elucidated. Conclusion: Influenza could be accompanied by various brain lesion complications in dif ferent stages of the disease, some of which are life-threatening or leave severe neurological sequelae, such as ANE. Due to different brain injury mechanisms, specific early diagnosis and brain protection treatment for different complications are unclear or unanimous. Therefore, further classification and basic research are needed.

A combination of digital design and three-dimensional printing to assist treatment of thoracolumbar compression fractures using percutaneous kyphoplasty

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the preoperative digita1 design combined with three dimensional(3D)printing models to assist percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP)treatment for thoracolumbar compression frac tures.Methods:From January 2018 to August 2020,we obtained data of 99 patients diagnosed thoracolumbar compression fractures.These patients were divided into control group(n=50)underwent traditional PKP surgery,and observation group(n=49)underwent preoperative digital design combined with 3D printing model assisted PKP treatment.The clinical efficacy was evaluated with five parameters,including operation time,number of intraoperative radiographs,visual analogue scale(VAS)score,Cobb Angle change,and high compression rate of injured vertebrae.Results:There were statistically significant differences of operation time and number of intraoperative radio graphs between the two groups(P<0.05).For VAS score,Cobb Angle change and vertebral height compression rate,all of these three parameters were significantly improved when the patients accepted surgery teatment in two groups(P<0.05).However,there were no significant differences between control group and observation group for these three parameters either before or after surgery(P>0.05).Conclusions:Through the design of preoperative surgical guide plate and the application of 3D printing model to guide the operation,the precise design of preoperative surgical puncture site and puncture Angle of the injured vertebra was realized,the number of intraoperative radiographs was reduced,the operation time was shortened and the operation efficiency was improved.

Diagnostic value of orbicularis oculi muscle electromyography in functional epiphora

BACKGROUND Functional epiphora is a clinical condition which is not due to an anatomic defect.Most studies agree that it involves the action of the orbicularis oculi muscle,particularly its deeper segment(Horner’s muscle),but the exact mechanism is not clear.AIM To evaluate the orbicularis oculi muscle in functional epiphora patients using electromyography(EMG).METHODS A total of 8 Chinese patients(16 eyes)with functional epiphora were enrolled in this study,and ten volunteers(10 eyes)were included as normal controls.Five epiphora patients(five eyes)with facial palsy served as positive controls.Quantitative EMG was performed in the deeper segment of orbicularis oculi muscle.The average duration of each EMG waveform was measured.RESULTS The average duration of EMG waveforms in the normal control group,the functional epiphora group,and the facial palsy group were 6.39±0.73 ms,9.39±1.32 ms and 11.2±1.42 ms,respectively.The duration of EMG waveforms was significantly longer in the functional epiphora group than in the normal control group(P<0.05),and shorter than that in the facial palsy group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION These data indicate the presence of neurogenic orbicularis oculi muscle damage in epiphora patients,which may be the cause of functional epiphora.The etiology of neurogenic damage in the orbicularis oculi muscle requires further investigation.

Children, Influenza, Encephalopathy, Clinical Characteristics, Laboratory Index

Background: To explore the early clinical features and laboratory findings of influenza-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy (IANE). Methods: The demographics data, clinical manifestations, and laboratory indicators of cases diagnosed with IANE and influenza with febrile convulsions (FS), respectively, admitted to Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center from January 2016 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among the 25 cases of IANE, there were 9 males and 16 females, aged 3 to 6 years. The mortality rate was 40.00% (10/25). Influenza virus type A in 9 cases (36.00%) and influenza virus type B in 10 cases (40.00%). The main clinical manifestations of children with IANE were acute disorders of consciousness (64.00%, 16/25) and convulsions (72.00%, 18/25), which were statistically significant when compared with the FS group (P < 0.05). Typical changes on cranial MRI of IANE were cerebral edema, typically with symmetric necrosis of the thalamus and other brain structures. Significant differences (P < 0.05) existed between the IANE and FS groups in laboratory indicators for ALT, AST, CK-MB, LDH, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microprotein, CSF LDH, which were above the normal reference range. In addition, logistic regression analysis showed that LDH ≥ 348.5 U/L predicted a significantly higher risk of IANE. Conclusions: Children with influenza present early with acute impairment of consciousness or convulsive seizures, or with elevated AST, ALT, CK-MB, LDH, and CSF protein and CSF LDH, especially if blood LDH is ≥348.5 U/L, should be closely evaluated and alerted to the possibility of IANE.

Evaluation of Tung Oil(Vernicia fordii(Hemsl.))for Controlling Termites

In worldwide,the use of chemical pesticides to protect wood has been greatly restricted.In recent years,a large number of researchers devoted to the search for natural,safe and non-polluting bioactive chemical compounds from plants as an alternative to synthetic organic chemical preservative.In Chinese folk,tung oil can be used as paint for wooden furniture to protect them from pests.This study aimed to evaluate the chemical compositions of raw and heated tung oil and their activity against termite.In choice bioassays,weight loss of wood treated with 5%raw or heated tung oil after 4 weeks was significantly less than that of the control group.In no-choice bioassays,there was a significant difference in termite survival and wood weight loss on raw and heated tung oil-treated wood.When tung oil-treatment concentrations increased to 5%,wood weight loss was less than 10%.There was no significant difference in termite survival and wood weight loss between raw and heated tung oil-treated wood.Survival of termites in both tung oil wood treatments was significantly lower than that in the starvation control after 4 weeks.Raw and heated tung oil significantly improved the resistance of pine wood to termites,and have the potential for the development of natural wood preservatives.

Introduction to the Special Issue on Blockchain Security

Motivated by the fast evolvement of blockchain technology,cloud-edge platforms,intelligent transportation systems,smart grid,vehicular networks,location based services,and other IoT applications have achieved significant breakthrough during recent years.Nowadays,blockchain based researches and projects are super-hot topics and focuses for both research and industrial communities.However,most of the current blockchain projects still suffer from insufficient security concerns.The defects of the underlying protocol make the node communication vulnerable to be hijacked,and further exacerbate the fork problem;smart contracts can hardly be fully tested before deployment because of the evolving blockchain platforms,while the smart contracts updating is impossible(or very complicated);current data privacy protection techniques are either inefficient or inaccurate;sharing and cross-chain schemes brought new security problems together with its TPS promotion.The intrinsic security vulnerabilities make the current blockchain based systems and architectures prone to be assaulted,and further do harm to the confidence of the investment on the blockchain industrial.Worse still,blockchain turns out to play a critical role in a lot of existing security solutions,which would be useless if the blockchain is insecure.

Extracellular polymeric substances as paper coating biomaterials derived from anaerobic granular sludge

Recovering extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)from waste granular sludge offers a cost-effective and sustainable approach for transforming wastewater resources into industrially valuable products.Yet,the application potential of these EPS in real-world scenarios,particularly in paper manufacturing,remains underexplored.Here we show the feasibility of EPS-based biomaterials,derived from anaerobic granular sludges,as novel coating agents in paper production.We systematically characterised the rheological properties of various EPS-based suspensions.When applied as surface sizing agents,these EPS-based biomaterials formed a distinct,ultra-thin layer on paper,as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy.A comprehensive evaluation of water and oil penetration,along with barrier properties,revealed that EPS-enhanced coatings markedly diminished water absorption while significantly bolstering oil and grease resistance.Optimal performance was observed in EPS variants with elevated protein and hydrophobic contents,correlating with their superior rheological characteristics.The enhanced water-barrier and grease resistance of EPS-coated paper can be attributed to its non-porous,fine surface structure and the functional groups in EPS,particularly the high protein content and hydrophobic humic-like substances.This research marks the first demonstration of utilizing EPS from anaerobic granular sludge as paper-coating biomaterials,bridging a critical knowledge gap in the sustainable use of biopolymers in industrial applications.

A Research on Senior People Online Consumption in China-From Perspective of Providing Technology Support

While the internet skills of the elderly is no longer a big problem,it is still necessary to further improve the online shopping experience and activity of the elderly.Evidently,the frequency of seniors shopping online is not nearly as high as the younger generation,as the elderly online shopping frequency is still calculated by weeks.People with higher education and younger age are more likely to accept technology products and understand how to use them,but people with lower education and older age will find it harder to use technology product.The majority of the elderly have a vision for the further development of technology to help them.This study shows that the elderly group shopping demand is large,but when the majority of the elderly choose offline consumption,the option of just a simple online solution is insufficient.Some shopping apps have made improvements in such aspects as font enlargement,color contrast enhancement and simplified operation steps.However,these improvements only solved the superficial problems,and failed to consider and solve the problems based on the experience of the elderly.

黄土高原地区淤地坝“淤满”情况及防治策略

淤地坝是黄土高原地区水土保持主要工程措施之一。基于2009年黄土高原淤地坝安全大检查数据和2011年第一次全国水利普查数据对淤地坝"淤满"情况的分析表明,20世纪90年代及以前修建的淤地坝,大多数已超过淤积年限,部分淤地坝已"淤满"。淤地坝"淤满"后,拦沙作用降到最低,但是淤积的坝地相当于水平梯田,客观上还能起到一定的减蚀和拦蓄径流泥沙作用;未设置溢洪道的"淤满"淤地坝,遇超标准洪水时存在严重的安全隐患,但单场暴雨洪水不会造成拦蓄泥沙(坝地)被"零存整取"。对于"淤满"的大中型淤地坝,可采取增设溢洪道、排洪渠、坝体铺盖防护材料等措施进行综合治理,确保淤地坝减蚀作用的持续发挥和坝地的持续有效利用;对于"淤满"的小型淤地坝,可比照小型水库报废、销号等方法,实行动态管理,在政策上探索报废退出机制,对报废的淤地坝按照基本农田进行管理。

对黄土高塬沟壑区固沟保塬综合治理工作的回顾和思考

晋陕甘黄土高塬沟壑区是我国川滇—黄土高原生态屏障的重要组成部分,是我国农业发源地之一,是世界最佳苹果优生区,也是陕甘宁革命老区的重要组成部分。气候变化和人类活动对黄土塬区的侵蚀沟发育具有强烈的加速作用。当前,黄土塬面临的最大问题是不同程度的沟道侵蚀导致的沟头前进,沟底下切,沟壁崩塌、滑塌、泻溜,沟岸扩张,塬面逐步萎缩和破碎化。以甘肃庆阳董志塬为例,分析了黄土塬水土流失现状,从董志塬区固沟保塬、黄土高原塬面保护、高塬沟壑区固沟保塬综合治理三个层面回顾了固沟保塬综合治理工作的发展历程,总结了固沟保塬综合治理模式和措施配置,梳理了存在的问题并提出了建议,以期为筑牢黄土高原生态安全屏障,推进晋陕甘黄土高塬沟壑区生态优先、高效治理和高质量发展提供参考。

鄂尔多斯水土保持“拦沙换水”生态补偿模式浅析

内蒙古鄂尔多斯水土保持"拦沙换水"试点工程是一种新型的水资源配置方法,这种生态补偿模式有利于加快黄土高原水土流失治理、节约利用水资源、调动民间资本参与水土流失治理和缓解黄河宁蒙河段防洪防凌压力,对黄河流域水权转换探索与实践具有重要的意义。从内蒙古鄂尔多斯水土保持"拦沙换水"的思路和构想着手,阐述了水土保持"拦沙换水"试点工程实施的必要性,结合水土保持"拦沙换水"发展现状,分析其综合效益预期,并针对存在的问题提出了相应的建议。

Role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and inducible nitric oxide synthase in intestinal injury in neonatal rats

AIM： TO investigate the dynamic change and role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase （nNOS） and inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） in neonatal rat with intestinal injury and to define whether necrotizing enterocolitis （NEC） is associated with the levels of nitric oxide synthase （NOS） in the mucosa of the affected intestine tissue. METHODS： Wistar rats less than 24 h in age received an intraperitoneal injection with 5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. Ileum tissues were collected at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h following LPS challenge for histological evaluation of NEC and for measurements of nNOS and iNOS. The correlation between the degree of intestinal injury and levels of NOS was determined. RESULTS： The LPS-injected increase in injury scores pups showed a significant versus the control. The expression of nNOS protein and mRNA was diminished after LPS injection. There was a negative significant correlation between the nNOS protein and the grade of median intestinal injury within 24 h. The expression of iNOS protein and mRNA was significantly increased in the peak of intestinal injury. CONCLUSION： nNOS and iNOS play different roles in LPS-induced intestinal injury. Caution should be exerted concerning potential therapeutic uses of NOS inhibitors in NEC.

Chitosan-collagen porous scaffold and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for ischemic stroke

In this study, we successfully constructed a composite of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and a chitosan-collagen scaffold in vitro, transplanted either the composite or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells alone into the ischemic area in animal models, and compared their effects. At 14 days after co-transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the hi- tosan-collagen scaffold, neurological function recovered noticeably. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression and nestin-labeled neural precursor cells were detected in the iscbemic area, surrounding tissue, hippocampal dentate gyrus and subventricular zone. Simultaneously, a high level of expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and a low level of expression of neuron-spe- cific enolase were visible in BrdU-labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. These findings suggest that transplantation of a composite of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and a chi- tosan-collagen scaffold has a neuroprotective effect following ischemic stroke.

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中38种抗感染药

建立了同时测定2种不同基质类型化妆品中非法添加38种抗感染禁用药的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。样品经溶剂提取后,采用Waters Acquity BEH C;(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱,流动相A为0.1%乙酸铵缓冲液(pH=4.0),流动相B为0.1%甲酸甲醇,梯度洗脱;使用三重四极杆质谱多反应监测模式(MRM)检测,以保留时间和相对离子丰度定性,外标法定量。结果表明,氯霉素在质量浓度100~1 000μg/L范围内,其余37种抗感染药在质量浓度15~150μg/L范围内均呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99;方法检出限和定量限分别为0.3~240.4μg/kg和1.1~801.2μg/kg。3个不同浓度加标水平下,38种抗感染化合物的加标回收率为79.0%~119.8%,相对标准偏差为0.3%~9.7%(n=6)。该方法准确、灵敏、快速,适用于水剂和膏霜化妆品中38种抗感染药的同时测定。