Self-assembled S-scheme In_(2.77)S_(4)/K^(+)-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)photocatalyst with selective O_(2) reduction pathway for efficient H_(2)O_(2) production using water and air

The development of an efficient artificial H_(2)O_(2) photosynthesis system is a challenging work using H_(2)O and O_(2) as starting materials.Herein,3D In_(2.77)S_(4) nanoflower precursor was in-situ deposited on K^(+)-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)(KCN)nanosheets using a solvothermal method,then In_(2.77)S_(4)/KCN(IS/KCN)het-erojunction with an intimate interface was obtained after a calcination process.The investigation shows that the photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production rate of 50IS/KCN can reach up to 1.36 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)without any sacrificial reagents under visible light irradiation,which is 9.2 times and 4.1 times higher than that of KCN and In_(2.77)S_(4)/respectively.The enhanced activity of the above composite can be mainly attributed to the S-scheme charge transfer route between KCN and In_(2.77)S_(4) according to density functional theory calculations,electron paramagnetic resonance and free radical capture tests,leading to an expanded light response range and rapid charge separation at their interface,as well as preserving the active electrons and holes for H_(2)O_(2) production.Besides,the unique 3D nanostructure and surface hydrophobicity of IS/KCN facilitate the diffusion and transportation of O_(2) around the active centers,the energy barriers of O_(2) protonation and H_(2)O_(2) desorption steps are ef-fectively reduced over the composite.In addition,this system also exhibits excellent light harvesting ability and stability.This work provides a potential strategy to explore a sustainable H_(2)O_(2) photo-synthesis pathway through the design of heterojunctions with intimate interfaces and desired reac-tion thermodynamics and kinetics.

Yinhuang granule alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice and its mechanism

BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a formidable global medical challenge,with no effective clinical treatment currently available.Yinhuang granule(YHG)is a proprietary Chinese medicine comprising Scutellariae Radix and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos.It is frequently used for upper respiratory tract infections,pharyngitis,as well as acute and chronic tonsillitis.AIM To investigate the potential of YHG in alleviating carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in mice.METHODS To induce a hepatic fibrosis model in mice,this study involved intraperitoneal injections of 2 mL/kg of CCl4 twice a week for 4 wk.Meanwhile,liver fibrosis mice in the low dose of YHG(0.4 g/kg)and high dose of YHG(0.8 g/kg)groups were orally administered YHG once a day for 4 wk.Serum alanine/aspartate aminotransferase(ALT/AST)activity and liver hydroxyproline content were detected.Sirius red and Masson's trichrome staining assay were conducted.Realtime polymerase chain reaction,western-blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were conducted.Liver glutathione content,superoxide dismutase activity level,reactive oxygen species and protein carbonylation amount were detected.RESULTS The administration of YHG ameliorated hepatocellular injury in CCl4-treated mice,as reflected by decreased serum ALT/AST activity and improved liver histological evaluation.YHG also attenuated liver fibrosis,evident through reduced liver hydroxyproline content,improvements in Sirius red and Masson's trichrome staining,and lowered serum hyaluronic acid levels.Furthermore,YHG hindered the activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)and ameliorated oxidative stress injury and inflammation in liver from CCl4-treated mice.YHG prompted the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)and upregulated the expression of Nrf2-dependent downstream antioxidant genes.In addition,YHG promoted mitochondrial biogenesis in liver from CCl4-treated mice,as demonstrated by increased liver adenosine triphosphate content,mitochondrial DNA levels,and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha and nuclear respiratory factor 1.CONCLUSION YHG effectively attenuates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting the activation of HSCs,reducing inflammation,alleviating liver oxidative stress damage through Nrf2 activation,and promoting liver mitochondrial biogenesis.

老年泌尿道感染诊治进展

泌尿道感染(UTI)指尿路上皮对病原菌侵入导致的炎性反应,常伴有细菌尿和脓尿。老年UTI广义上分为症状性细菌尿、无症状性菌尿(ASB)。老年UTI常缺乏典型的症状及体征,需要结合实验室检查、病原学检查、药敏试验等进行诊断和指导治疗,积极有效的预防、鉴别不典型的临床表现、明确诊断、合理使用抗生素是老年UTI的治疗关键。本文对老年UTI的流行病学和病原学以及诊治、预防的进展进行综述,以期为广大医生提供参考,最终提高老年UTI治疗效果和老年人生活质量。

社区慢性肾脏病的筛查与管理现状

目的:了解社区成年慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)高危人群的筛查及CKD患者的管理现状,探讨社区卫生机构CKD管理的改善措施。方法:基于西城区卫生健康委员会下辖79家社区卫生服务站的全部医疗信息数据,建立西城区社区CKD一体化大数据平台,基于该数据平台纳入2015年7月21日至2021年11月20日期间就诊的社区患者,分析肾脏损伤相关指标的检测情况、肾脏病危险因素控制达标率、用药情况,并对社区卫生服务站的肾脏病检验能力进行评估。结果:在374498例社区患者中,70.6%为CKD高危人群,其CKD危险因素最常见的为高血压(62.3%)、冠心病(43.3%)和糖尿病(30.4%),仅17.2%的CKD高危人群进行过肾脏病筛查,其中CKD检出率为24.2%(10992/45377例)。进行过肾脏病筛查的所有社区患者中(49908例,13.3%),CKD检出率为22.7%(11338/49908例),42.6%存在估算肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)<60 mL/(min·1.73 m^(2)),46.1%存在尿蛋白异常。社区人群中总体CKD检出率为5.2%(19299/374498例),在社区医疗中CKD的总体漏诊率为38.1%。79个社区中,13个(16.5%)社区卫生中心配备尿蛋白定量(尿白蛋白/肌酐比值)检测,66个(83.5%)社区卫生中心能够直接报告eGFR检验结果。CKD患者中,60.3%血糖控制达标,99.7%血压控制达标。5227例CKD合并蛋白尿的患者中,使用肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统抑制剂治疗的比例为59.3%。结论:CKD高危人群在社区人群中所占比例大,在社区开展有效的CKD早期筛查和防治对改善其预后,减少疾病负担具有重要意义。健全和完善CKD筛查和监测系统、加强社区医师肾脏疾病相关知识培训和CKD规范化管理对提升社区CKD防治能力尤为重要。

酿酒葡萄爱格丽、媚丽在夏县地区的栽培适应性研究

为了探索酿酒葡萄爱格丽(Ecolly)、媚丽(Meili)在山西省夏县的栽培表现,选择霞多丽(Chardonnay)为对照品种,通过田间调查确定了3个品种在夏县地区的物候期,在果实转色后进行成熟度监控,采收后酿造单品种葡萄酒并测定果实和葡萄酒的基本理化指标和酚类物质含量,并在休眠期采集一年生枝测定其抗寒性。结果表明,爱格丽和媚丽萌芽晚于霞多丽3~5 d,休眠期间二者的枝条抗寒性均强于对照品种霞多丽,可以实现免埋栽培。对葡萄和葡萄酒品质的分析表明,爱格丽、媚丽的各项指标均符合酿造优质葡萄酒的标准,且成熟较早,在实际生产上要把握好采收时机;霞多丽果实的酚类物质含量显著高于其他两品种(P<0.05),但小容器酿造葡萄酒的酚类物质含量大多以媚丽为最高。爱格丽、媚丽在山西夏县栽培适应性较强,抗寒性强,果实及酿造葡萄酒品质优良,可以推广栽培。

年龄对接受保乳治疗的亚洲乳腺癌患者结局的影响呈现连续性

背景与目的亚洲人被诊断为乳腺癌的年龄比高加索人年轻。我们研究了年龄对接受保乳治疗的亚洲乳腺癌患者的局部区域复发及生存期的影响。方法分析了1989年至2012年接受保乳治疗的2492例乳腺癌患者的病历。采用Kaplan-Meier法分析了局部区域复发率、无乳腺癌生存期和乳腺癌特异生存期,log-rank检验进行差异比较。采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析了结局与年龄的关系。分段多项式函数法用于评估年龄与结局之间的非线性关系。结果年龄≤40岁的患者出现局部区域复发的可能性更大(风险比[hazard ratio,HR]=2.32,P<0.001)。管腔型乳腺癌局部区域复发率降低4%,同比三阴性乳腺癌降低8%。与之相似,管腔型和三阴性乳腺癌患者的无乳腺癌生存率分别增加4%和8%。乳腺癌特异生存率随年龄同比增加5%。管腔型乳腺癌患者的无乳腺癌生存率和乳腺癌特异生存率都呈非线性("L型")关系:递减的发病年龄与逐步增加的复发和死亡风险相关。在年老女性中年龄对总生存的影响受到非癌症死亡的混杂,导致"U-型"关系。结论与年老患者相比,年轻亚洲乳腺癌患者的疾病复发率和癌症死亡率呈持续逐年递增趋势,但无明显年龄阈值。

白塞氏病患者血浆中微小RNA异常表达的初步研究

目的:检测白塞氏病(BD)患者和正常人群血浆中微小核糖核酸(microRNA,miRNA)的差异表达谱,探讨miRNA在BD发病中的作用,寻找与BD相关的血浆生物标记物。方法:收集15例活动期BD患者和15例正常人的抗凝静脉血,离心获得血浆,提取总RNA,经miRNA标记、miRNA阵列杂交、miRNA阵列扫描和分析获得BD患者异常表达的miRNA谱。通过miRTarBase(靶基因数据库)检索差异性表达的miRNA已经过验证的靶基因,并选取与免疫学相关的差异性表达的miRNA进行Real time-PCR验证。结果:活动期BD患者血浆中hsa-miR-34c-5p、hsa-miR-144-3p、hsa-miR-483-3p较正常人表达上调,hsa-miR-301a-3p、hsa-miR-224-5p、hsa-miR-454-3p、hsa-miR-17-5p、hsa-miR-199a-5p较正常人表达下调。结论:miRNA的差异性在BD的发生发展过程发挥重要作用,异常表达的miRNA可能通过Notch1和SMAD4信号通路促进BD发病。

基于WebSocket协议的即时通讯系统的开发

即时通讯系统不需要下载安装聊天工具,用户通过浏览器就可以进行交友通讯。系统采用SSM轻量级开发框架,通过WebSocket协议实现浏览器和服务器的双向通讯,将用户信息、聊天记录等映射成MySQL数据库中的记录,好友推荐的计算任务用Hadoop Mapreduce来完成。系统界面美观友好,用户可以方便地进行单聊和群聊,包括用户信息管理、收发消息、群管理、好友管理、好友分组、系统消息六大模块。有效减少了传统软件下载软件所花费的时间,降低应用成本。

长期血液透析通路的非血栓性并发症

血液透析是终末期肾脏病(end stage renal disease, ESDR)患者常用的肾脏替代治疗方法,良好的透析通路是保证透析顺利进行的前提,长期透析通路失功及并发症是临床面临的重要问题。除了血栓并发症外,还有狭窄、动脉瘤/假性动脉瘤、窃血综合征、中心静脉闭塞、高输出量心力衰竭、神经病变和感染等非血栓并发症,本文对相关内容进行阐述。

“互联网+”高校社团管理系统的设计与实现

随着高校社团规模和数量日益剧增,为提高社团管理的规范性和便捷性,利用JavaEE主流SpringBoot框架搭建一套前后端分离模式的Web社团管理系统。系统能够迅速发布社团动态,创建社团,申请审核社团活动、管理统计活动经费;能够大量存储社团和会员信息,方便会员查看社团信息、加入、更换、退出社团;将社团、学生与学校联系起来实现即时信息通讯,为老师学生节约了大量的时间与精力。社团管理系统的开发,减轻了社团管理者的工作负担,减少了人力、物力管理费用,提高了信息准确度和开展社团工作的效率。

Solvent-enhanced Depolymerization of Lignin under Microwave Irradiation

Lignin is considered an ideal natural material for the production of sustainable monophenols.In this study,a microwave-assisted depolymerization(MAD)strategy was developed.The introduction of solvent vapors in the dynamic vapor flow reaction system was performed to enhance the lignin conversion efficiency.The results showed that no liquid products were generated from the MAD of lignin without solvent vapors.With the introduction of solvents(CH_(3)OH,HCHO,HCOOH,and CH_(2)Cl_(2)),liquid products appeared(especially with CH_(2)Cl_(2),which had the highest yield of 41.9 wt%).Results from gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of liquid products showed that seven kinds of compounds,including guaiacols,phenols,syringols,methoxyphenyls,heterocycles,esters,and aromatics were identified.CH_(2)Cl_(2) can significantly enhance the production of monophenols(guaiacols,phenols,and syringols).The introduction of these solvent vapors can also facilitate the generation of porous char with high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface areas.Some carbon nanospheres deposited on the surface of the char were obtained with the assistance of CH_(2)Cl_(2).This study provides a facile method for the utilization of lignin in the field of bio-based fine chemicals.

Numerical Simulation of Microwaveassisted Depolymerization of Kraft Lignin

Kraft lignin has the potential to replace traditional fossil resources for the preparation of high-value chemicals because it is rich in aromatic rings and active functional groups.An effective method for the pyrolysis of kraft lignin into chemicals/fuels is microwave-assisted depolymerization.A simulation model is urgently needed to illustrate the coupling effect and mechanism of lignin conversion during the depolymerization process.In this study,COMSOL Multiphysics was used to simulate the microwave-assisted depolymerization process.The results showed that microwave power had a significant effect on the electric field and temperature distribution in the microwave cavity,while the reaction time had little effect on the electric field.The effect of the nitrogen flow rate on the electric field and temperature was negligible.The intensity of the electric field,heating rate of lignin,and final temperature of lignin depolymerization increased with increasing microwave power.

Fabrication and research of bi-functional CuNi_(2)S_(4) nanosheets decorated TiO_(2)/CuNi_(2)S_(4) heterojunction photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting

As a traditional n-type semiconductor, TiO_(2)has good UV absorption ability and stable physical and chemical properties. However, its wide band gap and low oxygen evolution reaction(OER) activity limit its application in the field of photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting. In this work, a type-Ⅱ TiO2/CuNi2S4heterojunction photoanode is successfully constructed, which expanded the light absorption range to visible and enhanced the OER activity. Firstly, TiO2nanotubes(NTs) thin films are prepared on Ti substrates by two-step anodization, and then the bi-functional electrocatalytic material CuNi2S4is grown on TiO2NTs in the shape of nanosheets(NSs) in situ by solvothermal method. As a bi-functional electrocatalytic material, CuNi2S4has good visible light absorption property as well as OER catalytic activity. Compared with TiO_(2), the IPCE value of TiO_(2)/CuNi_(2)S_(4)is 2.59% at 635 nm, and that of TiO2is a mere 0.002%.The separation efficiency and injection efficiency increase from 2.49% and 31.52% to 3.61% and 87.77%, respectively. At 1.23 V vs. RHE, the maximum photocurrent density is 0.26 m A/cm^(2), which is 2.6 times than that of TiO2(0.11 m A/cm^(2)),and can be maintained at 0.25 m A/cm^(2)for at least 2 h under light illumination. Moreover, a hydrogen production rate of 4.21 μmol·cm^(-2)·h^(-1)is achieved within 2 h. This work provides a new idea for the application of TiO_(2)in the field of PEC water splitting and the construction of efficient and stable photoelectronic devices.

Impact of physical activity on the prevalence of hypertension among the older adults in Beijing communities

This study aims to evaluate the impact of physical activity (PA) on the prevalence of hypertension among older adults in Beijing community. As economy growing rapidly in China, the occurrence of hypertension increases among older people in China as well. Epidemiological studies have shown that physical activity may significantly related to lower risk of hypertension. Taking PA maybe an instructive factor to reduce the risk of being hypertensive. We randomly selected Beijing community residents aged 65 and above (n = 400), collected data comprising level of PA (low, moderate, high), blood pressure, and a host of potentially confounding variables indicated by the literature. Five logistic regression models adjusted for different modifiers were used to estimate the association between hypertension and PA. The prevalence of hypertension was 96.88%, 78.57% and 73.66% among subjects with low, moderate and high level of PA respectively. Lower diastolic BP was observed for elder people with higher level of PA (p<0.01). We observed a strong and statistically significant association between moderate (OR=0.09, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.74) or high (OR=0.08, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.57) level of PA and lower risk of hypertension (p < 0.05). PA is a protective factor for hypertension among older Beijing people, which suggests elderly people be encouraged to actively engage in PA, if body conditions permit.

北京市某区医疗机构全民健康信息平台数据质量分析研究

目的从科研信息化的视角对北京市某区全民健康信息平台中社区医疗机构诊疗数据质量进行分析,从而为推动基层医疗单位的信息化建设、挖掘区域数据平台科研潜能提供经验借鉴。方法依托于该区全民健康信息平台数据备份库,主要针对数据质量的完整性、整合程度、一致性3个维度进行分析评价。结果通过全民健康信息平台建设的开展,该区成功实现了社区医疗机构诊疗数据的有效采集,涵盖了患者基本信息、就诊信息、检验信息和处方信息等主要诊疗数据。但是目前已经采集的数据在数据整合程度和数据一致性上仍然存在不足。结论可以通过构建区域医疗数据中心,打破数据系统间壁垒,开展诊疗数据前结构化工作,提升数据的整合程度和一致性,同时进行有效科研前瞻性设计,推动临床数据向科研数据的有效转化。

以气候行动助力健康老龄化

在中国宣布碳中和目标以及频繁遭受极端气候事件的背景下,2021年以来中国社会对气候变化的关注度持续高涨.与此同时,随着中国人口老龄化趋势愈加明显,气候变化所带来的健康风险问题日益突出.采取健康友好型的气候变化应对策略及碳中和实现路径,将可以有效减少人类(尤其是老年人群)的空气污染暴露情况.这方面的行动不仅有助于改善人类健康和福祉,还能够促进经济社会的高质量发展.

我国糖尿病肾脏病基层防治现状及策略

糖尿病肾脏病已成为慢性肾脏病及其导致的终末期肾脏病最常见的病因,其人群患病率高、预后差、医疗负担重,开展有效的早期防治对改善患者预后至关重要。在我国,糖尿病肾脏病的管理存在筛查率、知晓率、治疗率和达标率低,以及社区防治能力不足等问题,做好社区糖尿病肾脏病发生前的预防、肾损伤早期阶段延缓肾脏病进展的管理是实现糖尿病肾脏病有效防治的关键环节。互联网+人工智能支持的新型慢性病管理模式有望快速推进糖尿病肾脏病社区防治能力的提升。

Age exerts a continuous effect in the outcomes of Asian breast cancer patients treated with breast-conserving therapy

Background:Asians are diagnosed with breast cancer at a younger age than Caucasians are.We studied the effect of age on locoregional recurrence and the survival of Asian breast cancer patients treated with breast-conserving therapy.Methods:Medical records of 2492 patients treated with breast-conserving therapy between 1989 and 2012 were reviewed.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate locoregional recurrence,breast cancer-free survival,and breast cancer-specific survival rates.These rates were then compared using log-rank tests.Outcomes and age were modeled by Cox proportional hazards.Fractional polynomials were then used to test for non-linear relationships between age and outcomes.Results:Patients≤40 years old were more likely to have locoregional recurrence than were older patients(Hazard ratio[HR]=2.32,P<0.001).Locoregional recurrence rates decreased year-on-year by 4%for patients with luminal-type breast cancers,compared with 8%for those with triple-negative cancers.Similarly,breast cancer-free survival rates increased year-on-year by 4%versus 8%for luminal-type and triple-negative cancers,respectively.Breast cancer-spe-cific survival rates increased with age by 5%year-on-year.Both breast cancer-free survival and breast cancer-specific survival rates in patients with luminal cancers exhibited a non-linear(“L-shaped”)relationship-where decreasing age at presentation was associated with escalating risks of relapse and death.The influence of age on overall survival was confounded by competing non-cancer deaths in older women,resulting in a“U-shaped”relationship.Conclusions:Young Asian breast cancer patients have a continuous year-on-year increase in rates of disease relapse and cancer deaths compared with older patients with no apparent threshold.

腹膜透析致包裹性腹膜硬化一例

腹膜透析是终末期肾病患者居家治疗的重要肾脏替代方式.包裹性腹膜硬化是腹膜透析少见且严重的并发症,早期缺乏特异临床表现和诊断标准,一旦发生病死率极高.

rGO空间限域生长超薄In_(2)S_(3)纳米片用于构建高效准一维Sb_(2)Se_(3)基异质结光阴极

硒化锑(Sb_(2)Se_(3))属于窄带隙半导体材料,具有良好的光吸收特性,已逐渐应用于光电催化领域.独特的一维(Sb_(4)Se_(6))_(n)带状结构单元连接方式,使其载流子传输具有高度各向异性.本文通过气相输运沉积法和原位水热法成功构建了还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)修饰的准一维Sb_(2)Se_(3)@In_(2)S_(3)光陷阱异质结.研究结果表明,在rGO空间限域效应下,原位生长的非层状In_(2)S_(3)纳米片厚度从30 nm减小到10 nm,显著增加了光电极的电化学活性比表面积,进一步增强了光陷阱纳米结构对光的捕获能力.rGO和超薄In_(2)S_(3)纳米片共同修饰的准一维毛刷状Sb_(2)Se_(3)@In_(2)S_(3)-rGO纳米棒光电极在0 V(相对于可逆氢电极)的外加偏压下,光电流密度可达1.169 m A cm^(-2),约是Sb_(2)Se_(3)@In_(2)S_(3)和单体Sb_(2)Se_(3)的2倍和16倍,且稳定性良好,在中性条件下平均产氢速率为16.59μmol cm^(-2)h^(-1).实验结果和理论计算均表明,Ⅱ型异质结电荷传输方式是其光电化学增强的物理机制.以上工作为设计基于rGO修饰的复合光电极用于光电化学领域的研究提供了崭新的思路.