椰棕基硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制备及其性能

利用微波辅助液化技术将椰棕粉末进行液化制得液化物,以液化物为原料、三乙烯二胺(TEDA)和异辛酸锡(TECH)为复合催化剂、水为发泡剂,与多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯反应通过一步法制备了硬质聚氨酯泡沫(PURF)。对水发泡制备PURF的条件进行优化,较优的制备条件为催化剂中TEDA和TECH的质量比为4:5、催化剂质量分数为5%、泡沫稳定剂M-8818质量分数为2.5%、发泡剂质量分数为2%,该条件下制备的PURF的压缩强度为223 kPa,超过了大部分生物基PURF。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱对液化物、液化剂和PURF进行表征,通过扫描电镜对泡沫泡孔进行观察。结果显示,所合成的PURF大部分为闭孔,体系中基本没有异氰酸根剩余。使用锥形量热仪对最优PURF进行燃烧行为分析,最大热释放速率(HRR)为250.6 kW/m^(2)。

Influence of Production Sequence of Aluminum Alloy Hot Rolling on Strip Surface Quality

With the intensification of market competition in the aluminum alloy strip processing industry,it is dif-ficult to control the mass production of the same specifications,which is bound to affect the hot rolling production.This paper studied the effect of the hot rolling order of aluminum alloy on the surface quality of strip,such as roll printing,color difference,anodic oxidation,etc.,reasonable discharge sequence and corresponding optimization measures were formulated.

机匣-动叶的相对运动对高负荷涡轮叶顶气热性能的影响

Base on the standard k-ωturbulent model,numerical method for solving three dimensional Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)was adopted to study the aerothermal characteristics of the turbine blade with casing relative motion.Experimental data were used to verify the effectiveness of the numerical method and turbulent model.The effect of blade tip clearance,geometry and relative motion on blade tip aerothermal characteristics were analyzed.The numerical results show that for the flat tip,relative motion can effectively suppress tip leakage and reduce leakage vortex size at rotating blade-static casing(BRCS)and static bladerotating casing(BSCR)conditions.A high level of heat transfer region can be observed near the leading edge at the conditions of rotating bladerotating casing(BRCS)and static bladestatic casing(BSCR).The blade tip heat transfer coefficient expands with the increase of tip clearance at different relative motion modes.At the brcs and bscs,the axial average heat transfer trend is the closest when the tip clearance is 1.5%H.The scraping vortex generated by relative motion at brcr and bscs inhib-its the development of leakage flow for squealer tip because of its sealing effect.High level of heat transfer region is also concentrated in the leading edge at brcr and bscs.The size of scraping vortex weakens with the increase of cavity depth.The distribution trend of the average heat transfer coefficient is similar in the two cases of relative static and relative motion,except for the case of 2.5%H cavity depth.

Bowel inflammatory presentations on computed tomography in adult patients with severe aplastic anemia during flared inflammatory episodes

BACKGROUND Patients with severe aplastic anemia(SAA)frequently present with inflammatory episodes,and during flared inflammatory episodes,hematopoietic function is further exacerbated.The gastrointestinal tract is the most common site for infectious and inflammatory diseases,and its structural and functional features confer on it the most potent capacity to affect hematopoietic and immune functions.Computed tomography(CT)is a readily accessible approach to provide highly useful information in detecting morphological changes and guiding further work-ups.AIM To explore CT imaging presentations of gut inflammatory damage in adult SAA patients during inflammatory episodes.METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the abdominal CT imaging presentations of 17hospitalized adult patients with SAA in search of the inflammatory niche when they presented with systemic inflammatory stress and exacerbated hematopoietic function.In this descriptive manuscript,the characteristic images that suggested the presence of gastrointestinal inflammatory damage and related imaging presentations of individual patients were enumerated,analyzed and described.RESULTS All eligible patients with SAA had CT imaging abnormalities that suggested the presence of an impaired intestinal barrier and increased epithelial permeability.The inflammatory damages were concurrently present in the small intestine,the ileocecal region and the large intestines.Some readily identified imaging signs,such as bowel wall thickening with mural stratification(“water holo sign”,“fat holo sign”,intramural gas and subserosal pneumatosis)and mesenteric fat proliferation(fat stranding and“creeping fat sign”),fibrotic bowel wall thickening,“balloon sign”,rugged colonic configuration,heterogeneity in the bowel wall texture,and adhered and clustered small bowel loop(including various patterns of“abdominal cocoon”),occurred at a high incidence,which suggested that the damaged gastrointestinal tract is a common inflammatory niche responsible for the systemic inflammatory stresses and the exacerbated hematopoietic failure in patients with SAA.Particularly,the“fat holo sign”was present in 7 patients,a rugged colonic configuration was present in 10 patients,the adhesive bowel loop was present in 15 patients,and extraintestinal manifestations suggestive of tuberculosis infections were present in 5 patients.According to the imaging features,a suggestive diagnosis of Crohn’s disease was made in 5patients,ulcerative colitis in 1 patient,chronic periappendiceal abscess in 1 patient,and tuberculosis infection in 5 patients.Other patients were diagnosed with chronic enteroclolitis with acutely aggravated inflammatory damage.CONCLUSION Patients with SAA had CT imaging patterns that suggested the presence of active chronic inflammatory conditions and aggravated inflammatory damage during flared inflammatory episodes.

Identification of the target genes of AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 transcription factors reveals their regulatory network in Arachis hypogaea cv.Tifrunner using DAP-seq

WRKY transcription factors(TFs)have been identified as important core regulators in the responses of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses.Cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea)is an important oil and protein crop.Previous studies have identified hundreds of WRKY TFs in peanut.However,their functions and regulatory networks remain unclear.Simultaneously,the AdWRKY40 TF is involved in drought tolerance in Arachis duranensis and has an orthologous relationship with the AhTWRKY24 TF,which has a homoeologous relationship with AhTWRKY106 TF in A.hypogaea cv.Tifrunner.To reveal how the homoeologous AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs regulate the downstream genes,DNA affinity purification sequencing(DAP-seq)was performed to detect the binding sites of TFs at the genome-wide level.A total of 3486 downstream genes were identified that were collectively regulated by the AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs.The results revealed that W-box elements were the binding sites for regulation of the downstream genes by AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs.A gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that these downstream genes were enriched in protein modification and reproduction in the biological process.In addition,RNA-seq data showed that the AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs regulate differentially expressed genes involved in the response to drought stress.The AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs can specifically regulate downstream genes,and they nearly equal the numbers of downstream genes from the two A.hypogaea cv.Tifrunner subgenomes.These results provide a theoretical basis to study the functions and regulatory networks of AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs.

Determination of the available energy values and amino acid digestibility of Flammulina velutipes stem waste and its effects on carcass trait and meat quality fed to growing-finishing pigs

Background:Flammulina velutipes stem waste(FVS)is the by-product of mushroom industry.The objectives of this study were to determine the available energy and amino acid digestibility of FVS fed to pigs,and to evaluate the effects of dietary FVS inclusion on growth performance,biochemical profile of serum,fecal short chain fatty acid(SCFA)concentration,carcass traits,meat quality,intestinal morphology and microflora of pigs.In Exp.1,twelve crossbred barrows with initial body weight(IBW)of 37.48±4.31 kg were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments,including a corn basal diet and an experimental diet containing 24.35%FVS.In Exp.2,twelve barrows fitted with an ileal T-cannula(IBW:32.56±1.67 kg)were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments,which included a N-free diet and an experimental diet containing 40.0%FVS.In Exp.3,ninety growing pigs(IBW:63.98±6.89 kg)were allotted to 1 of 3 treatment diets for 63 d,including a basal diet and 2 experimental diets with 2.5%and 5%FVS,respectively.Results:The digestible energy(DE)and metabolizable energy(ME)of FVS were 4.58 and 4.06 MJ/kg on dry matter basis,respectively,and the standardized ileal digestibility(SID)of indispensable AAs ranged from 17.50%to 59.47%.Pigs fed diets with 2.5%FVS showed no difference on average daily gain(ADG)and gain to feed ratio(G/F).Although dietary 5%FVS inclusion impaired apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of organic matter and gross energy,it elevated the SCFA concentration(P≤0.04)in gut and antioxidant capacity in serum.In addition,dietary FVS inclusion depressed the backfat thickness(P=0.03)in pigs.The longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs fed FVS revealed higher n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration and optimized fatty acid composition.Dietary 2.5%FVS inclusion also improved the intestinal development and health by increasing the villius height to crypt depth ratio(V/C)in jejunum(P<0.01),and promoting microbial diversity and beneficial microbiota proliferation.Conclusions:It is feasible to include moderate content of FVS as an unconventional fiber ingredient in diet of growingfinishing pigs.

Whole-exome sequencing identifies novel mutations in genes responsible for retinitis pigmentosa in 2 nonconsanguineous Chinese families

AIM: To detect the pathogenetic mutations responsible for nonsyndromic autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa(RP) in 2 nonconsanguineous Chinese families. METHODS: The clinical data, including detailed medical history, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), slit-lamp biomicroscope examination, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, static perimetry, and full field electroretinogram, were collected from the members of 2 nonconsanguineous Chinese families preliminarily diagnosed with RP. Genomic DNA was extracted from the probands and other available family members;wholeexome sequencing was conducted with the DNA samples provided by the probands, and all mutations detected by whole-exome sequencing were verified using Sanger sequencing in the probands and the other available family members. The verified novel mutations were further sequenced in 192 ethnicity matched healthy controls.RESULTS: The patients from the 2 families exhibited the typical symptoms of RP, including night blindness and progressive constriction of the visual field, and the fundus examinations showed attenuated retinal arterioles, peripheral bone spicule pigment deposits, and waxy optic discs. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel nonsense mutation in FAM161 A(c.943 A>T, p.Lys315*) and compound heterozygous mutations in RP1 L1(c.56 C>A, p.Pro19 His;c.5470 C>T, p.Gln1824*). The nonsense c.5470 C>T, p.Gln1824* mutation was novel. All mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing. The mutation p.Lys315* in FAM161A co-segregated with the phenotype, and all the nonsense mutations were absent from the ethnicity matched healthy controls and all available databases.CONCLUSION: We identify 2 novel mutations in genes responsible for autosomal recessive RP, and the mutation in FAM161A is reported for the first time in a Chinese population. Our result not only enriches the knowledge of the mutation frequency and spectrum in the genes responsible for nonsyndromic RP but also provides a new target for future gene therapy.

Application of Newcastle disease virus in the treatment of colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main reasons of tumor-related deaths worldwide.At present,the main treatment is surgery,but the results are unsatisfactory,and the prognosis is poor.The majority of patients die due to liver or lung metastasis or recurrence.In recent years,great progress has been made in the field of tumor gene therapy,providing a new treatment for combating CRC.As oncolytic viruses selectively replicate almost exclusively in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and do not require integration into the host genome,they are safer,more effective and more attractive as oncolytic agents.Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a natural RNA oncolytic virus.After NDV selectively infects tumor cells,the immune response induced by NDV’s envelope protein and intracellular factors can effectively kill the tumor without affecting normal cells.Reverse genetic techniques make NDV a vector for gene therapy.Arming the virus by inserting various exogenous genes or using NDV in combination with immunotherapy can also improve the anti-CRC capacity of NDV,and good results have been achieved in animal models and clinical treatment trials.This article reviews the molecular biological characteristics and oncolytic mechanism of NDV and discusses in vitro and in vivo experiments on NDV anti-CRC capacity and clinical treatment.In conclusion,NDV is an excellent candidate for cancer treatment,but more preclinical studies and clinical trials are needed to ensure its safety and efficacy.

Effect of the posterior corneal surface on total corneal astigmatism in patients with age-related cataract

AIM： To explore the effect of the posterior astigmatism on total corneal astigmatism and evaluate the error caused by substituting the corneal astigmatism of the simulated keratometriy （simulated K） for the total corneal astigmatism in age-related cataract patients. METHODS： A total of 211 eyes with age-related cataract from 164 patients （mean age： 66.8±9.0y, range： 45-83y） were examined using a multi-colored spot reflection topographer, and the total corneal astigmatism was measured. The power vector components J0 and J45 were analyzed. Correlations between the magnitude difference of the simulated K and total cornea astigmatism （magnitude differenceSimK-Tca）, anterior J0, and absolute meridian difference （AMD） between the anterior and posterior astigmatisms were calculated. To compare the astigmatism of the simulated K and total cornea both in magnitude and axial orientation, we drew double-angle plots and calculated the vector difference between the two measures using vector analysis. A corrective regression formula was used to adjust the magnitude of the simulated K astigmatism to approach that of the total cornea. RESULTS： The magnitude differenceSimK-Tca was positively correlated with the anterior corneal J0 （Spearman’s rho= 0.539; P〈0.001） and negatively correlated with the AMDR （Spearman’s rho=-0.875, P〈0.001）. When the anterior J0 value was larger than 1.3 D or smaller than -0.8 D, the errors caused by determining the total corneal astigmatism with the karatometric calculation tended to be greater than 0.25 D. An underestimation by 16% was observed for against the rule （ATR） astigmatism and an overestimation by 9% was observed for with the rule （WTR） astigmatism when ignoring the posterior measurements. CONCLUSION： Posterior corneal astigmatism should be valued for more precise corneal astigmatism management, especially for higher ATR astigmatism of the anterior corneal surface. We suggest a 9% reduction in the magnitude of the simulated K in eyes with WTR astigmatism, and a 16% addition of the magnitude of the simulated K in eyes with ATR astigmatism.

Effects of Exogenous Phthalic and Cinnamic Acids on Enzyme Activities and Microbial Community Structures in Rhizosphere Soil of Adzuki Bean

The aim of this study was to find out the effects of exogenous phenolic acids on soil microbes and enzymes in rhizosphere soil of adzuki bean. In the pot experiment of adzuki bean, phthalic and cinnamic acids were added at four concentrations, 0 （control）, 0.1, 1 and 10 mmol/L, to investigate the changes in the mi- croflora and enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil of adzuki bean as well as relations between them. The results showed that both phthalic and cinnamic acids could inhibit the activities of soil enzymes, including catalase, sucrase, phosphatase and urease. Higher concentrations （10 mmol/L） of phthalic and cinnamic acids showed more significant effects. In addition, the application of phthalic and cinnamic acids reduced the populations of bacteria and actinomycetes and significantly increased the population of fungi. Correlations analysis showed that phosphatase activity had an extremely significant positive correlation with bacterial population, a significant positive correlation with actinomycete population, and a significant negative correlation with fungal population. Phthalic and cinnamic acids could result in imbalanced microbe compositions, reduce enzyme activities and present evident allelopathy in rhizosphere soil.

Atomic-level insights into surface engineering of semiconductors for photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction

Photocatalytic conversion of CO_(2)into solar fuels provides a bright route for the green and sustainable development of human society.However,the realization of efficient photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is still challenging owing to the sluggish kinetics or unfavorable thermodynamics for basic chemical processes of CO_(2)RR,such as adsorption,activation,conversion and product desorption.To overcome these shortcomings,recent works have demonstrated that surface engineering of semiconductors,such as introducing surface vacancy,surface doping,and cocatalyst loading,serves as effective or promising strategies for improved photocatalytic CO_(2)RR with high activity and selectivity.The essential reason lies in the activation and reaction pathways can be optimized and regulated through the reconstruction of surface atomic and electronic structures.Herein,in this review,we focus on recent research advances about rational design of semiconductor surface for photocatalytic CO_(2)RR.The surface engineering strategies for improved CO_(2)adsorption,activation,and product selectivity will be reviewed.In addition,theoretical calculations along with in situ characterization techniques will be in the spotlight to clarify the kinetics and thermodynamics of the reaction process.The aim of this review is to provide deep understanding and rational guidance on the design of semiconductors for photocatalytic CO_(2)RR.

CUL4B facilitates HBV replication by promoting HBx stabilization

Objective:Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a major public health problem worldwide.However,the regulatory mechanisms underlying HBV replication remain unclear.Cullin 4 B-RING ubiquitin E3 ligase(CRL4 B)is involved in regulating diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes.In our study,we aimed to explain the role of CUL4 B in HBV infection.Methods:Cul4 b transgenic mice or conditional knockout mice,as well as liver cell lines with CUL4 B overexpression or knockdown,were used to assess the role of CUL4 B in HBV replication.Immunoprecipitation assays and immunofluorescence staining were performed to study the interaction between CUL4 B and HBx.Cycloheximide chase assays and in vivo ubiquitination assays were performed to evaluate the half-life and the ubiquitination status of HBx.Results:The hydrodynamics-based hepatitis B model in Cul4 b transgenic or conditional knockout mice indicated that CUL4 B promoted HBV replication(P<0.05).Moreover,the overexpression or knockdown system in human liver cell lines validated that CUL4 B increased HBV replication in an HBx-dependent manner.Importantly,immunoprecipitation assays and immunofluorescence staining showed an interaction between CUL4 B and HBx.Furthermore,CUL4 B upregulated HBx protein levels by inhibiting HBx ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation(P<0.05).Finally,a positive correlation between CUL4 B expression and HBV pg RNA level was observed in liver tissues from HBV-positive patients and HBV transgenic mice.Conclusions:CUL4 B enhances HBV replication by interacting with HBx and disrupting its ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation.CUL4 B may therefore be a potential target for anti-HBV therapy.

Comparison of pseudophakic retinal straylight in spherical/aspherical and hydrophobic/hydrophilic intraocular lens

AIM: To study the potential reasons of increased straylight in pseudophakic eyes. METHODS: Cross -sectional study. Seventy patients diagnosed as bilateral age-related cataract and implanted with Tecnis ZA9003, Sensar AR40e, SA6OAT, XLSTABI ZO or Akeros AO intraocular lens (IOL) were enrolled in this research. Straylight was measured by a C -Quant straylight meter three to four weeks postoperatively. Five different modalities of IOL, including spherical/aspherical optics and hydrophobic/hydrophilic material were tested in this study. Normal as well as dilated pupils were used. The main outcome variable for straylight measurement was the logarithmic straylight parameter, log(s). RESULTS: The straylight parameter increased significantly after pupil dilation (P<0.05). Straylight of aspherical IOL was significantly higher after pupil dilation (P<0.06) compared to spherical IOL. In normal pupil, straylight of hydrophobic IOL was significant higher when compared with hydrophilic IOL (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Straylight and visual acuity stand for the different aspects of visual function. Several factors including pupil diameter, optic material, aspherical design of IOL influence intraocular light scattering in pseudophakic eyes. Further investigation was needed to study the impact of optic material and optic surface design on pseudophakic straylight.

Observation on ultrastructure and histopathology of cornea following femtosecond laser-assisted deep lamellar keratoplasty for acute corneal alkaline burns

AIM： To demonstrate the changes in ultrastructure and histopathology of the cornea in acute corneal alkaline burns after femtosecond laser-assisted deep lamellar keratoplasty.·METHODS： The New Zealand white rabbits treated with alkaline corneal burn were randomized into two groups,Group A（16 eyes） with femtosecond laser-assisted deep lamellar keratoplasty 24 h after burn and Group B（16 eyes）without keratoplasty as controls. All eyes were evaluated with transmission electron microscopy（TEM） at 1, 2, 3,and 4wk follow-up, then all corneas were tested by hematoxylin and eosin staining histology.· RESULTS： The corneal grafts in Group A were transparent, while those in Group B showed corneal stromal edema and loosely arranged collagen fibers. One week after treatment, TEM revealed the intercellular desmosomes in the epithelial layers and intact non-dissolving nuclei in Group A. At week 4, the center of the corneas in Group A was transparent with regularly arranged collagen fibers and fibroblasts in the stroma. In Group B, squamous cells were observed on the corneal surface and some epithelial cells were detached.· CONCLUSION： Femtosecond laser-assisted deep lamellar keratoplasty can suppress inflammatory responses, prevent toxic substance-induced injury to the corneal endothelium and inner tissues with quicker recovery and better visual outcomes.

Theoretical Studies on the Dynamics of the Fluorine Atom Reaction with trans- 1,3-butadiene

Theoretical studies of F atom reaction with trans-1,3-butadiene were carried out at the CCSD（T）/6- 311G（d,p）/B3LYP/6-311G（d,p） levels. Energies and structures for all reactants, products and transition states were determined. Two reaction pathways involving the formation of the complexes CH2CHCHFCH2 and CH2CHCHCH2F were found in this reaction. Theoretical results suggest that the H atom channel observed in previous crossed beam experiment occurs likely via these two long-lived complex formation pathways. For the complex CH2CHCHFCH2 pathway, another reaction channel （C2H3＋C2H3F） is also accessible. Relative importance of the C2H3＋C2H3F channel versus the H formation channel via the same reaction pathway has also been estimated, suggesting that it would be difficult to observe the C2H3＋C2H3F channel in a crossed molecular beam experiment. Theoretical analysis also shows that the HF formation proceeds via direct abstraction mechanisms, though it is likely a minor process in this reaction.

Long-term results of clear lens extraction combined with piggyback intraocular lens implantation to correct high hyperopia

AIM:To assess the refractive outcome of clear lensectomy combined with piggyback intraocular lens implantation in highly hyperopic patients.METHODS:This case review included 19 eyes of 10 patients with high hyperopia and axial length less than 21mm.Intraocular lens power was calculated for emmetropia using the Holladay II formula in 17 eyes,and SRK/T formula in 2 eyes following clear lens extraction and piggyback intraocular lens implantation.Patients were examined periodically over 24 months for visual acuity and spherical equivalent(SE).RESULTS:The mean postoperative SE at 24 months was 0.20±1.39D(range,-3.00 to 2.50D),better than preoperative 9.81±2.62D(range,+6.00 to +14.50D)(P【0.001).Five eyes had SE within±0.5D of emmetropia and 11 eyes within±1.00D at postoperative 24 months.The mean postoperative uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA) at 24 months was 0.60±0.36,significantly improved compared to preoperative 1.39±0.33(P【0.001).The mean best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) at 24 months was 0.49±0.35,not statistically different compared to preoperative 0.38±0.30(P=0.34).Twelve eyes maintained and 1 gained 1 or more Snellen line of BCVA,4 eyes lost 1 line,and 2 eyes lost 2 lines at 24 postoperative months.Twelve eyes best-corrected near visual acuity (BCNVA) achieved J1 at postoperative 24 months compared to preoperative 7 eyes and the other 7 eyes better than J3.CONCLUSION:Clearlensextractioncombinedpiggyback intraocular lens implantation appears to be an effective procedure to correct high hyperopia but mild overcorrection and intralenticular opacification may require secondary procedure.

Repeatability of Ophtha Top topography and comparison with IOL-Master and Lenstar LS900 in cataract patients

AIM：To determine the repeatability of Ophtha Top topography and assess the consistency with intraocular lens（IOL）-Master and Lenstar LS900（Lenstar）in measuring corneal parameters among cataract patients.METHODS：Totally 125 eyes were enrolled.Corneas were successively measured with Ophtha Top,IOL-Master and Lenstar at least three times.The flattest meridian power（Kf）,the steepest meridian power（Ks）,mean power（Km）,J0 and J45 were recorded.Intra-class correlation coefficients（ICCs）,the coefficient of variance（COV）,within subject standard deviation（Sw）,and test-retest repeatability（2.77Sw）were adopted to determine the repeatability.The 95%limit of agreement（95%LOA）and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess comparability.RESULTS：Repeatability of Ophtha Top topography for measuring corneal parameters showed the ICCs were all above 0.93,2.77Sw was lower than 0.31,and the COV of the Kf and Ks was lower than 0.25.The keratometric readings with Ophtha Top topography were flatter than with the IOLMaster and Lenstar devices,while the Pearson correlation coefficients were over 0.97.The J0 and J45 with Ophtha Top topography were smaller compared with Lenstar and IOL-Master,while was comparable between Lenstar and IOL-Master.CONCLUSION：Ophtha Top topography shows excellent repeatability for measuring corneal parameters.However,differences between the Ophtha TOP topography and Lenstar,IOL-Master both in cornea curvature and the astigmatism should be noted clinically.

The Relationship between Magnetic Gradient and Magnetic Shear in Five Super Active Regions Producing Great Flares

We study the magnetic structure of five well-known active regions that produced great flares （X5 or larger）. The six flares under investigation are the X12 flare on 1991 June 9 in AR 6659, the X5.7 flare on 2000 July 14 in AR 9077, the X5.6 flare on 2001 April 6 in AR 9415, the X5.3 flare on 2001 August 25 in AR 9591, the X17 flare on 2003 October 28 and the X10 flare on 2003 October 29, both in AR 10486. The last five events had corresponding LASCO observations and were all associated with Halo CMEs. We analyzed vector magnetograms from Big Bear Solar Observatory, Huairou Solar Observing Station, Marshall Space Flight Center and Mees Solar Observatory. In particular, we studied the magnetic gradient derived from line-of-sight magnetograms and magnetic shear derived from vector magnetograms, and found an apparent correlation between these two parameters at a level of about 90%. We found that the magnetic gradient could be a better proxy than the shear for predicting where a major flare might occur： all six flares occurred in neutral lines with maximum gradient. The mean gradient of the flaring neutral lines ranges from 0.14 to 0.50 G km^-1, 2.3 to 8 times the average value for all the neutral lines in the active regions. If we use magnetic shear as the proxy, the flaring neutral line in at least one, possibly two, of the six events would be mis-identified.

Article History Investigation and analysis of the quality of life of centenarians in Chongming area of Shanghai

Objective:To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of the quality of life of the elderly aged≥100 years old in Chongming area of Shanghai,and provide a basis for the construction of a world-class ecological island in Chongming area and promote the cause of healthy aging.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted to screen 71 elderly people who were 100 years old and reached the age of 100.The interview was conducted with a face-to-face questionnaire survey.Results:The SF-36 health questionnaire of the centenarians in Chongming area scored and in the physiological functions,physiological functions,physical pain,general health status,energy,social function,emotional function and mental health is(36.35±13.45),(36.62±38.69),(62.56±21.57),(47.04±6.06),(67.23±18.76),(71.83±25.85),(60.09±45.29),(78.70±22.20).The total physical health assessment and mental health assessment scores are(181.577±50.271)and(277.855±81.636).Univariate statistics show that different genders,education levels,marital status,economic sources,urban or rural areas,insurance categories,chronic diseases,number of children,old-age patterns,preferred forms of residence,interval between child care,and whether children are in the same city Factors such as≥2 in the family,long-term diet,diet,eating habits,drinking habits,tea drinking habits,physical examination,lack of sleep 4h,nap habits and other factors in the different dimensions of the SF-36 scale,the difference is statistically significant(P<0.05);multivariate stepwise regression showed that the relevant influencing factors were pension mode,dietary preference,location(urban/rural),chronic disease,preferred lifestyle,lack of sleep 4 h,education level,marital status(P<0.05).Conclusion:The centenarians in Chongming area have a medium quality of life rating and a high overall mental health assessment.The centenarians in Chongming have a good psychological state.The life behavior pattern of the centenarians is worth learning.It is recommended to implement the family mutual aid public service project to alleviate the problem of loneliness of the elderly.It is recommended to strengthen the chronic disease health management for the elderly,encourage regular medical examinations,and promote the improvement of the old-age care.

Targeting of AUF1 to vascular endothelial cells as a novel anti-aging therapy

Background Inhibition of aging of vascular endothelial cells （VECs） may delay aging and prolong life. The goal of this study was to prepare anti-CD31 monoclonal antibody conjugated PEG-modified liposomes containing the AU-rich region connecting factor 1 （AUF1） gene （CD31-PILs-AUF1） and to explore the effects of targeting CD31-PILs-AUF1 to aging VECs. Methods The mean particle sizes of various PEGylated immunoliposomes （PILs） were measured using a Zetasizer Nano ZS. Gel retardation assay was used to confirm whether PILs had encapsulated the AUF1 plasmid successfully. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were used to quantify binding of CD31-PILs-AUF1 to target cells. Flow cytometry was also used to analyze the cell cycles of aging bEnd3 cells treated with CD31-PILs-AUF1. We also developed an aging mouse model by treating mice with D-galactose. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to evaluate the levels of interleuldn-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-or （TNF-ct）. The malondialdehyde （MDA） and the superoxide dismutase （SOD） levels were detected by commercial kits. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to determine whether treatment with CD31-PILs-AUF 1 was toxic to the mice. Results CD31-PILs-AUF 1 specifically could targeted bEnd3 VECs and increased the percentage of cells in the S and G2/M phases of aging bEnd3 cells. ELISA showed that content of the IL-6 and TNF-ct decreased in CD31-PILs-AUF1 group. The level of SOD increased, whereas MDA decreased in the CD31-PILs-AUF1 group. Additionally, CD31-PILs-AUF 1 was not toxic to the mice. Conclusion CD31-PILs-AUF 1 targets VECs and may delay their senescence.