定制电解液或隔膜实现锂离子各向异性输运从而抑制枝晶生长:相场模拟研究

电池内部不可控的枝晶生长问题严重地影响着电池的循环性能和安全性能,这对于锂金属电池的实际应用是一个严峻的挑战。尽管已有较多的实验和理论研究工作聚焦于电极间锂离子各向异性输运特性对枝晶形貌的影响,但仍有一些开放性的问题有待进一步研究,例如,如何将枝晶生长的动态演变与电解液性质、电势分布或隔膜多孔结构诱导的锂离子各向异性输运关联起来。我们通过将锂离子在电解液中的扩散系数(D_(L))表示为二阶张量的形式并进行相场模拟,发现D_(yy):D_(xx)比值的增加,以及电势诱导的电极/电解液界面锂离子快速扩散层均可以降低界面处锂离子浓度梯度和电势梯度,从而减弱枝晶生长的驱动力。我们还发现隔膜基体与y方向之间夹角的增大也会显著促进电解质中的锂离子各向异性输运特性,以利于抑制枝晶生长。籍此本文提出设计D_(yy):D_(xx)=10:1的电解液和基体倾斜角为arctan(0.5)的隔膜用于锂金属电池。该相场研究有望为设计具有抑制枝晶能力的电解质或隔膜提供指导。

Dendritic tip selection during solidification of alloys:Insights from phase-field simulations

The effect of undercooling DT and the interface energy anisotropy parameter e4 on the shape of the equiaxed dendritic tip has been investigated by using a quantitative phase-field model for solidification of binary alloys.It was found that the tip radius r increases and the tip shape amplitude coefficient A4 decreases with the increase of the fitting range for all cases.The dendrite tip shape selection parameter sdecreases and then stabilizes with the increase of the fitting range,and sincreases with the increase of e4.The relationship between sand e4 follows a power-law function sµea 4,and a is independent of DT but dependent on the fitting range.Numerical results demonstrate that the predicted sis consistent with the curve of microscopic solvability theory(MST)for e4<0.02,and sobtained from our phase-field simulations is sensitive to the undercooling when e4 is fixed.

增值税改革对制造业企业服务化的影响研究--基于“营改增”政策的准自然实验

“营改增”作为增值税改革的重要内容,其政策效应不仅限于减税,更重要的是促进制造业转型升级。本文利用2009~2018年我国制造业上市公司数据,采用双重差分法,以“营改增”政策作为准自然实验,考察增值税改革对制造业服务化的影响。并在此基础上,采用分组回归的方式考察增值税改革对企业服务化水平的差异性影响。研究表明:(1)增值税改革能够通过增加优质服务要素投入等四个方面提升制造业企业的服务化水平;(2)增值税改革对所有制、生命周期、企业所处地区市场化程度以及与服务业的关联程度不同的企业在服务化水平改变上存在差异。增值税改革对制造业企业服务化水平的促进作用在非国有企业、衰退期企业、高市场化地区的企业以及与服务业关联程度大的企业更明显。

Large Aperture Mirror Surface Test

The large aperture mirror surface test is the basis of optical processing and alignment, and is also the key to the development of remote sensing device. The simulation results show that the RMS values of 1.07 m primary mirror with multi-point support and sling support are 1.86 nm and 3.28 nm respectively. Using 36 point unloading device, sponge 36 point free support and sling support to test the mirror surface, the results are basically consistent, RMS is better than 0.02λ (λ = 632.8 nm).

基于水足迹的作物生产生态效率评价——以陕西省为例

传统生产函数很少考虑农业生产中自然资源的要素功能,也无法表达化肥、农药的使用对环境产生的损害。研究将绿水、蓝水和灰水足迹,分别代表降水资源、灌溉水资源和作物生产的环境影响,引入农业生产函数,采用随机前沿方法测算陕西省作物生产生态效率,并分析其影响因素。结果表明:1)1985—2018年间陕西省作物生产总水足迹呈上升趋势,作物生产单位面积用水强度不断增强。单位面积水足迹及蓝、绿、灰水占比与气候、种植结构,灌溉条件和农业污染相关。2)研究期内,陕西省作物生产生态效率以2003年为分界点呈现先降后升趋势,陕西省作物生产生态效率的U型波动对应政府对耕地资源保护和农业污染管控政策变化。3)作物生产生态效率低下的区域集中在生产落后的农业区和农业条件差的工业区,农业耕地质量差,灌溉条件匮乏,低效率(产值角度)的灌溉和化肥农药施用以及落后农业生产方式是导致作物生产生态效率低下的主要原因。4)研究期内,陕西省作物生产经历了从规模报酬递增,到规模报酬递减2个阶段,与耕地面积的变化基本对应。短期内,考虑各投入要素的产出弹性调整种植结构和化肥农药施用量是提高作物生产生态效率的有效措施,而促进农业产业升级和技术革新是推动作物生产生态效率提升的根本路径。

Prevalence and evolution of drug resistance HIV-1 variants in Henan, China

To understand the prevalence and evolution of drug resistant HIV strains in Henan China after the implementation of free antiretroviral therapy for AIDS patients. 45 drug naive AIDS patients, 118 AIDS patients who received three months antiretroviral therapy and 124 AIDS patients who received six months antiretroviral treatment were recruited in the southern part of Henan province. Information on general condition, antiretroviral medicines, adherence and clinical syndromes were collected by face to face interview. Meanwhile, 14ml EDTA anticoagulant blood was drawn. CD4/CD8 T cell count, viral load and genotypic drug resistance were tested. The rates of clinical improvement were 55.1% and 50.8% respectively three months and six months after antiretroviral therapy. The mean CD4 cell count after antiretroviral therapy was significantly higher than in drug naive patients. The prevalence rate of drug resistant HIV strains were 13.9%, 45.4% and 62.7% in drug naive patients, three month treatment patients and six month treatment patients, respectively. The number of resistance mutation codons and the frequency of mutations increased significantly with continued antiretroviral therapy. The mutation sites were primarily at the 103, 106 and 215 codons in the three-month treatment group and they increased to 15 codon mutations in the six-month treatment group. From this result, the evolution of drug resistant strains was inferred to begin with the high level NNRTI resistant strain, and then develop low level resistant strains to NRTIs. The HIV strains with high level resistance to NVP and low level resistance to AZT and DDI were highly prevalent because of the AZT＋DDI＋NVP combination therapy. These HIV strains were also cross resistant to DLV, EFV, DDC and D4T. Poor adherence to therapy was believed to be the main reason for the emergence and prevalence of drug resistant HIV strains. The prevalence of drug resistant HIV strains was increased with the continuation of antiretroviral therapy in the southern part of Henan province. Measures, that could promote high level adherence, provide new drugs and change ART regimens in failing patients, should be implemented as soon as possible.

Influence of trace Ca addition on texture and stretch formability of AM50 magnesium alloy sheet

The AM50,AM50-0.1 Ca,AM50-0.3 Ca and AM50-0.5 Ca(wt.%) alloys were hot-rolled and their mechanical properties were determined for the purpose of investigating the effect of trace Ca addition on the texture and stretch formability of AM50 alloy.The results show that the addition of trace Ca can effectively modify the basal texture,which is characterized by the split of basal poles deviated from the normal direction(ND) after the hot rolling,while a broad spread of the basal planes toward the transverse direction(TD) after the annealing.Such change of the basal texture is related to the prior formation of massive compression twins and the decrease of the c/a ratio.Erichsen value increases from 2.25 to 4.21 mm with the increase of Ca content.The enhancement of stretch formability is ascribed to the weakened basal texture,which results in the increase of n-value and the decrease of r-value.

Sequence Variation in the Gp120 region of SHIV-CN97001 during in vivo Passage

SHIV-CN97001 played an important role in assessing the immune effect and strategy of the AIDS vaccine which included genes of the predominant prevalent HIV-1 strain in China. In this study, SHIV-CN97001 was in vivo passaged serially to construct pathogenic SHIV-CN97001/rhesus macaques model. To identify variation in the gp120 region of SHIV-CN97001 during passage, the fragments of gp120 gene were amplified by RT-PCR from the plasma of SHIV-CN97001 infected animals at the peak viral load time point and the gene distances (divergence, diversity) were calculated using DISTANCE. The analysis revealed that the genetic distances of SHIV-CN97001 in the third passage animals were the highest during in vivo passage. It had a relationship between viral divergence from the founder strain and viral replication ability. The nucleic acid sequence of the V3 region was highly conservative. All of the SHIV-CN97001 strains had V3 loop central motif (GPGQ) and were predicted to be using CCR5 co-receptor on the basis of the critical amino acids within V3 loop. These results show that there was no significant increase in the genetic distance during serial passage, and SHIV-CN97001 gp120 gene evolved toward ancestral states upon transmission to a new host. This could partly explain why there was no pathogenic viral strain obtained during in vivo passage.

Disease Progression Patterns of SHIV-KB9 in Rhesus Macaques of Chinese Origin in Comparison with Indian Macaques

Objective To develop a model of SHIV-KB9/Chinese origin rhesus （Ch Rh） macaques for vaccine research and to compare the pathogenesis of SHIV-KB9 in Ch Rh macaques with that reported in Indian rhesus （Ind Rh） macaques. Methods Seven mamu-A＊01 negative Ch Rh macaques were inoculated intravenously with 1-10000 MID50 of SHIV-KB9. The monkeys were monitored for viral load, CD4, CDS, SHIV-specific antibody and virus genetic variation. The results were compared with those previously observed in Ind Rh macaques. Results As compared to that observed in Ind Rh macaques, SHIV-KB9 in Ch Rh macaques displayed three identical disease progression patterns. However, the primary pattern was not identical between the two subspecies. The level of plasma viremia differed in SHIV-KB9-infected Ch Rh macaques which exhibited different outcomes from those in Ind Rh macaques. Generally, the values of viral load and the maintenance of CD4^＋ T cells were associated with humoral responses. Otherwise, the viral genetic distances （divergence, diversity） were larger in animals （M419, M425） with their CD4^＋ T cells profoundly depleted. Conclusion The model of SHIV-KB9/Ch Rh macaques displays a relatively slow progression to AIDS compared with Ind Rh macaques, which may more accurately reflect the potential of candidate vaccines in humans.

桩基固定式海上光伏项目开发建设策略

海上光伏是可再生能源领域发展的新领域,对实现双碳战略有重要意义。通过从规划选址、光伏区用地与用海、关键技术研究与设计、项目开发成本、主要施工设备和施工期5个维度分析桩基固定式海上光伏与陆上集中固定式光伏开发特点,针对建设企业在场址范围内敏感性因素排查、用海申请办理、海域金减免、项目优化设计、施工组织设计等方面提出了关键工作建议,可为海上光伏的政策制定、项目实施和有关研究提供借鉴。

A numerical study on pattern selection in crystal growth by using anisotropic lattice Boltzmann-phase field method

Pattern selection during crystal growth is studied by using the anisotropic lattice Boltzmann-phase field model.In the model,the phase transition,melt flows,and heat transfer are coupled and mathematically described by using the lattice Boltzmann(LB)scheme.The anisotropic streaming-relaxation operation fitting into the LB framework is implemented to model interface advancing with various preferred orientations.Crystal pattern evolutions are then numerically investigated in the conditions of with and without melt flows.It is found that melt flows can significantly influence heat transfer,crystal growth behavior,and phase distributions.The crystal morphological transition from dendrite,seaweed to cauliflower-like patterns occurs with the increase of undercoolings.The interface normal angles and curvature distributions are proposed to quantitatively characterize crystal patterns.The results demonstrate that the distributions are corresponding to crystal morphological features,and they can be therefore used to describe the evolution of crystal patterns in a quantitative way.

Relationship of HLA-A,-Cw Polymorphisms with HIV/AIDS in Chinese Yi Ethnic Group of Sichuan Province

The relationship of HLA-A, -Cw alleles on HIV infection and AIDS disease progression in the Chinese Yi ethnic group of Sichuan province were investigated. The genetic polymorphisms of HLA-A, -Cw alleles of 102 unrelated healthy Chinese Yi ethnic individuals, 68 HIV-1 infected and 21 HIV positive long-time survivors were typed by PCR-SSP assay. Statistic signifiance was determined by the χ2 test with the SPSS software. No significant differences were observed between the HLA-A, -Cw alleles of the 68 HIV-1 infected and 102 non-infected Chinese Yi control individuals. Whereas the prevalence of A*3601,Cw*14(01-03)and Cw*0304 was significantly higher in 21 long time survivors compared with 102 healthy controls with P values of 0.016, 0.016 and 0.000 by χ2 or the Fisher exact test respectively. The result implies that A*3601,Cw*14(01-03) and Cw*0304 may be associated with slow AIDS disease progression in the Chinese Yi ethnic group, further studies on this association may yield insight on the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.

Clinical observation of pediatric-type follicular lymphomas in adult:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Pediatric-type follicular lymphoma(PTFL)is a unique pathological type in the 4th edition of hematopoiesis and lymphoid tissue tumor classification revised by World Health Organization.It is unique in clinical practice and seldom seen in adult.PTFL mainly occurs in the head and neck lymph nodes.Most of the cases are short of fever,night sweat,weight loss,and other B symptoms which substitute for lymphadenopathy as the main symptom.PTFL can be disposed of surgical resection and it can achieve long-term tumor-free survival,and it has an excellent outcome.CASE SUMMARY Two cases of PTFL were reported and their clinicopathological features,differential diagnosis,therapy and prognosis were discussed.PTFL showed graybrown tough texture in general performance.The histological manifestations of PTFL were similar to that of adult-follicular lymphoma(FL).Under low power microscope,the structure of lymph nodes was destroyed in different degree,the follicles were closely arranged,expanded and irregular,and the mantle zone became thin or disappeared.In addition,the“starry sky phenomenon”could be seen.At high magnification,the follicles were mainly composed of single medium-sized central cells,and some of them mainly consisted of centroblastic cells to characterize scattered chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli.Immunohistochemical showed the tumor cells expressed CD20,PAX5,CD79a and CD10,BCL6,FOXP-1,which were limited in germinal center;Ki-67 was highly expressed in germinal center.CD21 and CD23 showed nodular and expanded follicular dendritic cells.Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement was positive for IGH and IGK.The two patients underwent surgical resection with no complications.After discharge,the two patients with a close review for 18 mo and 5 mo respectively and showed no evidence of recurrence.CONCLUSION PTFL in adult is generally supposed to be extremely rare.PTFL displayed characteristic morphological,immunophenotypic,and molecular biological changes which are a kind of neoplasm with satisfactory prognosis after surgical excision.

海上光伏项目的前期开发——以山东省沿海为例

近年来,随着海洋经济的快速发展和科学技术的不断进步,拓展了海域开发利用的深度和广度,海域利用方式出现新的变化,越来越多的风电、光伏等项目布局在海上。为深入贯彻落实碳达峰、碳中和战略部署,充分发挥资源优势和产业优势,国家能源局加快推进海上风电、海上光伏、海洋能等新兴可再生能源发展,推动能源结构调整优化和绿色低碳转型。从海上光伏自身特点出发,遵循合规合理开发、科学精准施策的原则,梳理出一套海上光伏项目开发建设流程,为海上光伏项目开发提供借鉴。

双面光伏组件安装特点的模拟研究

针对影响双面光伏组件背面接收的太阳辐射量的因素进行了研究,应用PVsyst软件,以采用前后排光伏组件固定间距、固定式光伏支架安装的光伏发电系统为例,以草地作为代表地表特征,模拟分析了双面光伏组件在不同安装高度和不同安装倾角条件下其背面接收的太阳辐射量的变化情况。研究结果表明,当双面光伏组件的安装倾角一定时,其安装高度与其背面接收的有效太阳辐射量成正比;而当双面光伏组件的安装高度一定时,其安装倾角越小,双面光伏组件背面接收的有效太阳辐射量中地面反射辐射量的占比就越大。

HIV-Specific IL-2^+ and/or IFN-γ^+ CD8^+ T Cell Reponses during Chronic HIV-1 Infection in Former Blood Donors

Objective Conflicting data have been generated from previous studies to determine which kind of relationship exists between HIV-1 specific CD8 Tcell responses and HIV-1 viral load or CD4 count over the course of infection.In this study,153 HIV-1 infected LTNPs were enrolled to investigate the role of HIV-1 specific CD8 T-cell responses in chronic HIV-1 infection among HIV-1 infected former blood donors.Methods The patients were stratified into three groups according to CD4 count：CD4≥500 cells/μL;350 cells/μL≤CD4〈500 cells/μL;CD4〈350 cells/μL.PBMCs were isolated from the patients＇ anticoagulated blood samples.IL-2 and IFN-γ secretions of CD 8 T cells against 17 HIV-1 consensus B full peptide pools were analyzed by using ICS assay.Results An overall inverse correlation were observed between CD4 count and plasma viral load.Although no significant difference was observed during the comparisons of frequency/breadth of HIV-1 specific CD8 T cell responses,CD4 count stratification analysis showed that different correlation pattern existed in three strata：as for patients whose CD4 counts were less than 350 cells/μL,no significant correlations were identified between frequency/breadth of HIV-1 specific CD8 T cell responses and CD4 count/viral load;as for patients whose CD4 counts ranged from 350 cells /μL to 500 cells/μL,significant correlation was only observed between the response breadth of IL-2＋IFN-γ＋ CD8 T cells and CD4 count;however,as for patients whose CD4 counts were more than 500 cells/μL,direct correlations were identified between IL-2＋IFN-γ＋/IL-2＋/IFN-γ＋ CD8 T cells and viral load or CD4 count.Conclusions Universal consistent inverse correlation was only indentified between CD4 count and viral load.The relationship between HIV-1 specific CD8 T cell responses and CD4 count/viral load varied in different CD4 strata,which showed that better preserved CD4 T cells were correlated with better CD8 T cell functions.

Nef Mutations in Long-term Non-progressors from Former Plasma Donors Infected with HIV-1 Subtype B in China

Objective To study the specific amino acid variation in Nef that may be related to disease progression after infection with HIV-1 subtype B, a predominant strain circulating in China, and to determine whether changes in Nef secondary structure may influence different stages of AIDS development based on the concept that the Nef gene of HIV infection dramatically alter the severity of viral infection and virus replication and disease progression, and that long-term non-progressors （LTNP） of HIV infection are commonly associated with either a deletion of the Nef gene or the defective Nef alleles. Methods The study subjects were divided into LTNPI（n=14）, LTNP2 （n=16） and slow progressor （SP, n=19） groups for mutational analysis of the Nef sequence. The data were obtained by using Bioedit, MEGA, Anthewin and SAS software. Results Residues in Nef TA48/49 and K151 occurred more frequently in the LTNP group while AA48/49 was more frequently observed in the SP group. Of the differences observed in the secondary structure comparison using Nef consensus sequences of these three groups, one was roughly corresponding to the Nef48/49 mutation site. Conclusion TA48/49, Kiss, and AA48/49 in the Nef gene might be associated with the different stages of HIV infection, and there may be a link between the Nef secondary structure and the progression of HIV- 1 infection.

Efficacy and Safety of the Chinese Herbal Compound TJAOA101 in Treating Diminished Ovarian Reserve: A Protocol for Multicenter, Prospective, and Pre-Post Study

Objective Diminished ovarian reserve(DOR)can lead to early menopause,poor fecundity,and an increased risk of disorders such as osteoporosis,cardiovascular disease,and cognitive impairment,seriously affecting the physical and mental health of women.There is still no safe and effective strategy or method to combat DOR.We have developed a novel Chinese herbal formula,Tongji anti-ovarian aging 101(TJAOA101),to treat DOR.However,its safety and efficacy need to be further validated.Methods In this prospective and pre-post clinical trial,100 eligible patients aged 18–45 diagnosed with DOR will be recruited.All participants receive TJAOA101 twice a day for 3 months.Then,comparisons before and after treatment will be analyzed,and the outcomes,including anti-mullerian hormone(AMH)and follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)levels and the antral follicle count(AFC),the recovery rate of menopause,and the Kupperman index(KMI),will be assessed at baseline,every month during medication(the intervention period),and 1,3 months after medication(the follow-up period).Assessments for adverse events will be performed during the intervention and follow-up periods.Conclusion A multicenter,prospective study will be conducted to further confirm the safety and efficacy of TJAOA101 in treating DOR and to provide new therapeutic strategies for improving the quality of life in DOR patients.

Hemorrhagic pericardial effusion following treatment with infliximab:A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Infliximab(IFX)is an anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)agent that is widely used for the management of a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,including Crohn's disease(CD).As a result of its increasing administration,new complications have emerged.Hemorrhagic pericardial effusion,secondary to IFX therapy,is a rare but life-threatening complication.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old man was diagnosed with CD(Montreal A2L3B1)6 years prior.After failing to respond to mesalazine and methylprednisolone,he took the first dose of IFX 300 mg based on his weight(60 kg,dose 5 mg/kg)on December 3,2018.He responded well to this therapy.However,on January 21,2019,1 wk after the third injection,he suddenly developed dyspnea,fever,and worsening weakness and was admitted to our hospital.On admission,computed tomography scan of the chest revealed a large pericardial effusion and a small rightside pleural effusion.An echocardiogram showed a large pericardial effusion and normal left ventricular function.Then successful ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis was performed and 600 mL hemorrhagic fluid was drained.There was no evidence of infection and the concentrations of TNF-α,IFX,and anti-IFX antibody were 7.09 pg/mL(reference range<8.1 pg/mL),<0.4μg/mL(>1.0μg/mL),and 373 ng/mL(<30 ng/mL),respectively.As the IFX instruction manual for injection does mention pericardial effusion as a rare adverse reaction(≥1/10000,<1/1000),so we discontinued the IFX.Monitoring of the patient’s echocardiogram for 2 mo without IFX therapy showed no recurrence of hemorrhagic pericardial effusion.Follow-up visits and examinations every 3 to 6 mo until April 2021 showed no recurrence of CD or pericardial effusion.CONCLUSION This is a case of hemorrhagic pericardial effusion following treatment with IFX.It is a rare but life-threatening complication of IFX.Early recognition helps prevent the occurrence of hemorrhagic pericardial effusion and minimize the impact on the natural evolution of the disease.

Effect of elasticity mismatch on cell deformation and migration：A phase-field study

The phase-field model for cell migration is used to study the effect of elasticity mismatch on the migration dynamics of multiple cells in a confluent monolayer, where one tagged cell is embedded by a number of normal cells and both types of cells are supposed to have the same properties except elasticity. Our results show that a larger elasticity mismatch leads to a larger difference in shape change between the tagged cell and the normal cells. We find that the bursts of velocity always fall behind the peak of the perimeter, and the shape change of the tagged cell results in the accelerated motion of the tagged cell in the whole process. Moreover, the variation of the averaging cell perimeter ratio ˉLtag/ˉLnormalwith the increase of the elasticity ratio γtag/γnormal for different active velocities ｜a｜ is analyzed. We find thatˉLtag/ˉLnormaldecreases with the increase of γtag/γnormal, following a simple power law function. Our results highlight the important role played by the cell elasticity mismatch in cell deformation and migration.