Adsorption,in vitro digestion and human gut microbiota regulation characteristics of three Poria cocos polysaccharides

Poria cocos(PC)is a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and a widely used healthcare ingredient,which has antiobesity,enhancing immunity and improving sleep effects.Traditionally,only water-soluble poria polysaccharide(WSP)is extracted and applied for clinical application,while insoluble polysaccharide(alkali-soluble poria polysaccharide,ASP)is discarded as herb residue.However,the whole PC has also been historically utilized as functional herbal food.Considering the beneficial role of dietary fiber and the traditional use of PC,ASP may also contribute substantially to the therapy function of PC.Compared to WSP,little attention has been paid to ASP and ASP modified product carboxymethyl poria polysaccharide(CMP)which has been used as an antitumor adjuvant drug.In this study,the oil,cholesterol,metal ions and polyphenols adsorption ability,in vitro simulated digestive and the gut microbiota fermentation characteristics of WSP,ASP and CMP were studied to evaluate the functional values of three P.cocos polysaccharides(PCPs).The results showed that all three PCPs had good adsorption capacity on cholesterol,polyphenols and metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+)/Mg^(2+)),among which ASP showed the highest capacity than WSP and CMP.The adsorption capacity of all three PCPs on heavy metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+))was stronger than that of non-heavy metal ions(Mg^(2+));The in vitro digestibility of all three PCPs was very low,but WSP was slightly higher than ASP and CMP;Moreover,the indigestible residue of all three PCPs could improve the richness and diversity of gut microbiota,among which ASP had the greatest influence.In general,ASP and CMP could significantly promote the proliferation of some probiotics and inhibit the growth of some harmful bacteria.The gut microbiota diversity of CMP was reduced,but the richness of probiotics,especially Parabacteroides distasonis was significantly enhanced compared with the ASP group,and the growth of harmful bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae was inhibited after CMP treatment.The short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)analysis results showed that all three PCPs could significantly promote the production of acetic acid,propionic acid and the total acid content compared with blank control group,and SCFAs producing activity was positively correlated with the proliferative capacity of probiotics.Taken together,the good adsorption characteristics and gut microbiota regulatory activity of ASP may lay foundation for its lipid-lowering and immune-improving function.Additionally,the probiotic effect of CMP and ASP indicated that except for only use the water extract of PC in clinic,CMP and ASP also can be used in healthcare to take full advantage of this valuable medicine.

Improving throughput in SWIPT-based wireless multirelay networks with relay selection and rateless codes

This paper studies a dual-hop Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer(SWIPT)-based multi-relay network with a direct link.To achieve high throughput in the network,a novel protocol is first developed,in which the network can switch between a direct transmission mode and a Single-Relay-Selection-based Cooperative Transmission(SRS-CT)mode that employs dynamic decode-and-forward relaying accomplished with Rateless Codes(RCs).Then,under this protocol,an optimization problem is formulated to jointly optimize the network operation mode and the resource allocation in the SRS-CT mode.The formulated problem is difficult to solve because not only does the noncausal Channel State Information(CSI)cause the problem to be stochastic,but also the energy state evolution at each relay is complicated by network operation mode decision and resource allocation.Assuming that noncausal CSI is available,the stochastic optimization issue is first to be addressed by solving an involved deterministic optimization problem via dynamic programming,where the complicated energy state evolution issue is addressed by a layered optimization method.Then,based on a finite-state Markov channel model and assuming that CSI statistical properties are known,the stochastic optimization problem is solved by extending the result derived for the noncausal CSI case to the causal CSI case.Finally,a myopic strategy is proposed to achieve a tradeoff between complexity and performance without the knowledge of CSI statistical properties.The simulation results verify that our proposed SRS-and-RC-based design can achieve a maximum of approximately 40%throughput gain over a simple SRS-and-RC-based baseline scheme in SWIPT-based multi-relay networks.

Association between the frontoparietal network,clinical symptoms and treatment response in individuals with untreated anorexia nervosa

Background Anorexia nervosa(AN)has been characterised as a psychiatric disorder associated with increased control.Currently,it remains difficult to predict treatment response in patients with AN.Their cognitive abilities are known to be resistant to treatment.It has been established that the frontoparietal control network(FPCN)is the direct counterpart of the executive control network.Therefore,the resting-state brain activity of the FPCN may serve as a biomarker to predict treatment response in AN.Aims The study aimed to investigate the association between resting-state functional connectivity(RSFC)of the FPCN,clinical symptoms and treatment response in patients with AN.Methods In this case-control study,79 female patients with AN and no prior treatment from the Shanghai Mental Health Center and 40 matched healthy controls(HCs)were recruited from January 2015 to March 2022.All participants completed the Questionnaire Versionof the Eating Disorder Examination(version 6.0)to assess the severity of their eating disorder symptoms.Additionally,RSFC data were obtained from all participants at baseline by functional magnetic resonance imaging.Patients with AN underwent routine outpatient treatment at the 4th and 12th week,during which time their clinical symptoms were evaluated using the same measures as at baseline.Results Among the 79 patients,40 completed the 4-week follow-up and 35 completed the 12-week follow-up.The RSFC from the right posterior parietal cortex(PPC)and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(diPFC)increased in 79 patients with AN vs 40 HCs after controlling for depression and anxiety symptoms.By multiple linear regression,the RSFC of the PPC to the inferior frontal gyrus was found to be a significant factor for self-reported eating disorder symptoms at baseline and the treatment response to cognitive preoccupations about eating and body image,after controlling for age,age of onset and body mass index.The RSFC in the dIPFC to the middle temporal gyrus and the superior frontal gyrus may be significant factors in the treatment response to binge eating and loss of control/overeating in patients with AN.Conclusions Alterations in RSFC in the FPCN appear to affect self-reported eating disorder symptoms and treatment response in patients with AN.Our findings offer new insight into the pathogenesis of AN and could promote early prevention and treatment.

锂离子电池组间接接触液冷散热结构研究

锂离子电池组的散热问题一直是影响电动汽车电池寿命以及行车安全性的重要因素.为了探究不同冷却管道设计对锂离子电池组散热效果的影响,先通过数值计算方法对单个锂离子电池在不同条件下放电时的表面温度进行研究,对比试验结果,验证仿真方法的正确性.在27℃下,对设计的8种不同冷却结构的散热效果进行对比分析,发现结构八的平均温度为31.62℃,标准差为0.83,冷却效果最佳;双向流设计、进口位置及支管分流情况、冷却管道与电池组的接触面积等因素均对电池组的散热性能产生不同程度的影响,锂离子电池组散热结构设计时应该综合考虑.

基于等离子体流动控制的车辆减阻试验研究

在25°Ahmed汽车模型尾部斜面上端布置介质阻挡放电(DBD)等离子体激励器,通过风洞试验,研究了激励器频率为9 kHz时不同激励电压对模型气动阻力系数的影响、10~25 m/s风速下的最大减阻率和此时对应的最佳激励电压.PIV测得的流场图以及PSI压力扫描系统测得的模型尾部斜面的压力值显示,在DBD开启时,激励器周围及尾部斜面近壁面区域流速提高,尾部分离区减小,尾部斜面上测压点处的压力升高;根据天平传感器测量结果,试验风速为15 m/s时获得最大减阻率,为7.28%,对应的最佳激励电压为18.5 kV.DBD激励器通过降低模型的压差阻力起到减阻效果.随着激励电压的提高,气动阻力系数呈现先下降后趋于平稳的趋势,且存在一个最佳激励电压;随着风速的增加,需要更高的激励强度才能起到较好的减阻效果.

基于等离子体流动控制的方背式汽车模型减阻研究

通过风洞试验,开展了关于表面介质阻挡放电(SDBD)等离子体激励器对方背Ahmed模型尾部分离流动的控制效果的研究。通过PIV速度测量,揭示了静态环境下激励器诱导离子风的气动特性,然后通过模型表面压力和尾部流场的变化,分析了在激励电压下模型的减阻率,并阐述了其减阻机理:等离子体激励器可有效控制尾部流动,提高模型尾部压力,从而达到减阻的目的。试验结果表明,随着风速提高,激励器控制效果减弱,在17 kV的峰值电压下,激励器可获得最大诱导速度;因此,在10 m/s的风速和17 kV的峰值电压下减阻效果最佳,主动减阻率为-4.58%,总减阻率达-9.02%。

城市外来务工人员继续教育的现状、模式创新与实践研究--以陕西省为例

开展城市外来务工人员的继续教育是各级政府高度关注的民生问题,文章立足陕西,大数据统计分析了近年来陕西省城市外来务工人员就业的地域分布、学历结构、受教育程度等基本指标;系统阐述了现阶段开展外来务工人员继续教育的必要性,以及高质量开展好继续教育的策略与措施。最后,提出了“政、校、企+行业协会”四维一体的继续教育联合育人模式,并在具体的培训教学中加以实践。研究结果对促进我国城市外来务工人员从业技能的提升、综合素质的提高以及增进他们与城市的融合至关重要。

计及负荷分类及其需求响应的配电网设备利用率提高方法

为提高配电网设备能源利用率,提出一种计及负荷分类及其需求响应的配电网设备能源利用率提高方法。采用LSTM自编码器对典型日负荷进行特征提取,再用改进Kmeans负荷聚类算法对特征序列进行聚类分析。基于负荷分类结果建立计及分类负荷分时需求响应的配电网设备能源利用率优化模型,该模型以设备能源利用率和用户满意度最大为目标。算例分析结果表明,所提方法能更好地激发各类负荷需求响应潜力,通过分类负荷分时需求响应引导用户削峰填谷,有效提高配电网能源利用率;通过合理设置能源利用率和用户满意度目标权重,实现系统能源利用率和用户满意度的平衡。

干热岩体热冲击后纵波波速演化规律研究

干热岩体花岗岩受构造运动影响,产生规模较大的节理裂隙,形成裂隙干热岩体,这些裂隙在后期被热液充填后,称后期热液充填裂隙干热岩体,充填体与母岩的胶结面是一个弱面,利用该弱面极易于建造干热岩地热人工储留层,大幅节省建造成本。为研究实际干热岩地热开发中注入低温水热冲击后母岩、充填体及其胶结面性质的演化规律,利用超声波检测技术研究了4类ø50 mm×100 mm标准岩样(花岗岩母岩、充填体、含纵向胶结面充填花岗岩、含横向胶结面充填花岗岩)在室温至600℃高温条件下反复热冲击及不同冲击氛围(0℃水冷却冲击和室温冷却冲击)下的纵波波速演化规律。研究结果表明:室温下含胶结面充填花岗岩的开口孔隙率较母岩、充填体低,而波速较母岩、充填体大;室温-300~0℃水反复热冲击过程中,4类岩样在首次热冲击后波速降幅可达40%~50%,之后随着热冲击次数增加波速降幅减小,约3%;相同高温下,4类岩样在0℃水冷却冲击后的波速降幅均较室温冷却冲击时大,说明0℃水冷却冲击对岩石的损伤更强;相同热冲击方式下,含胶结面充填花岗岩波速降幅较母岩、充填体大,这是因为胶结面附近的矿物颗粒尺度差异最大,热破裂程度最强。研究结果对断层模式干热岩地热开发中储留层的建造及开发过程中储留层结构演化的认识有重要指导意义。

天然气压缩机仿真测试平台的设计

结合榆林站天然气压缩机组实际运行工况,在Uni Sim仿真平台上搭建以压缩机为核心设备的虚拟工厂,使该仿真平台与西门子的控制系统软件PCS7建立通讯,组成天然气压缩机仿真测试平台。通过操控虚拟工厂或改变虚拟设备的设定参数,模拟天然气压缩机不同运行工况下的机组状态,从而实现对改造后的控制系统进行逻辑验证、性能测试和人员培训。

基于遗传算法的灰度图像块截断编码方法

为了提升绝对矩块截断编码(absolute moment block truncation coding,AMBTC)重构图像的质量,结合遗传算法提出一种基于块截断编码(block truncation coding,BTC)的压缩方法,通过搜索不重叠子图像的高低量化值,得到优化的编码组.实验结果表明,与AMBTC相比,新方法得到的重构图像的峰值信噪比提升了0.5~0.8dB.

面向6G的非正交多址接入关键技术

非正交多址接入技术凭借其良好的过载性能被认为是满足下一代移动通信(6G)超大连接、超低时延和高可靠性需求的关键技术之一,但目前相关理论研究尚不充分,且其应用仍面临着接收机实现复杂度过高等问题。首先提出了复杂度受限下NOMA设计理论模型,接着给出了NOMA系统的发送端理论分析和接收端方案设计,进一步提出了一种基于可靠性的期望值传播算法,仿真结果表明在性能损失可接受范围内,复杂度较EP接收机降低了约35%,最后,将NOMA与多入多出技术相结合,进一步提升系统的性能,为低复杂度、逼近容量界的NOMA方案设计提供了理论和关键技术支撑。

一种适用于遥感图像的可逆信息隐藏算法

可逆信息隐藏技术,可用于实现遥感图像重要目标区域的无损传输。通过对现有可逆信息隐藏算法进行研究,发现现有算法的单次嵌入容量不足,且需要额外的无损二值压缩处理附加信息,无法满足遥感图像处理的有效性和实时性要求。借助给定门限对载体图像不重叠子块的平滑性进行划分,通过编码平滑子块内基准像素与其余像素之差,并结合比特替换,实现秘密信息的可逆隐藏。对于512×512像素的灰度遥感图像,单次嵌入容量可达5×10^5 bit以上。试验结果表明,该算法可实现单次高嵌入容量的可逆隐藏,并不需要任何额外无损二值压缩来处理辅助信息。

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fos and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44MAPK and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between p42/44MAPK and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Rat/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44MAPK, c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.

Timing of carbonatite-hosted U-polymetallic mineralization in the supergiant Huayangchuan deposit,Qinling Orogen:Constraints from titanite U-Pb and molybdenite Re-Os dating

The newly-discovered supergiant Huayangchuan uranium(U)-polymetallic(Sr,Se,REEs,Ba,Nb and Pb)deposit is located in the Qinling Orogen,central China.The deposit underwent multistage mineralization,with the main carbonatite ore stage being the most important for the U,Nb,REE,Sr and Ba endowments.According to the mineral assemblages,the main carbonatite ore stage can be divided into three substages,i.e.,sulfate(Ba-Sr),alkali-rich U and REE-U mineralization.Main-stage titanite from the Huayangchuan igneous carbonatite are rich in high field strength elements(HFSEs,e.g.,Zr,Nb and REEs),and show clear elemental substitutions(e.g.,Ti vs.Nb+Fe+Al and Ca+Ti vs.Fe+Al+REE).High-precision LA-ICP-MS titanite dating yielded a U-Pb age of 209.0±2.9 Ma,which represents the mainstage mineralization age at Huayangchuan,and is coeval with the local carbonatite dyke intrusion.This mineralization age is further constrained by the Re-Os dating of molybdenite from the Huayangchuan carbonatite,which yielded a weighted mean age of 196.8±2.4 Ma.Molybdenite Re contents(337.55-392.75 ppm)and C-OSr-Nd-Pb isotopic evidence of the Huayangchuan carbonatite both suggest a mantle origin for the carbonatite.Our study supports that the Late Triassic carbonatite magmatism was responsible for the world-class U-Mo-REE mineralization in the Qinling Orogen,and that the regional magmatism and ore formation was likely caused by the closure of the Mianlue ocean and the subsequent North China-South China continent-continent collision.

基于多尺度平稳小波分解的灰度遥感图像目标提取方法

视觉显著性检测是一类有效的遥感图像目标提取方法。在计算过程中,多数现有显著性检测模型都需要使用图像的色彩分量,针对灰度图像的算法较为匮乏。此外,变换域算法相较于空间域算法具有计算复杂度低和物理意义明确的优势,但现有模型随输入图像提取目标性能差异较大。针对上述问题,本文基于多尺度平稳小波(SWT)分解,提出了一种灰度遥感图像目标提取方法。通过对输入图像进行不同尺度的SWT分解和重构,得到一系列特征图。得到的特征图通过二维熵准则进行加权融合,得到显著性图。最后对显著性图进行大津(OTSU)算法分割和形态学闭处理提取出目标。实验证明,相较于现有变换域显著性模型,本方法在主观视觉效果和客观评价标准上都具备一定优势。

数字记忆视角下西南民族地区红色档案开发策略研究

数字时代为西南民族地区红色档案开发带来了新方式,有助于推动红色档案记忆的构建。该文在分析西南民族地区红色档案开发存在问题的基础上,立足于维护记忆的完整性、注重红色教育与民族情感相结合、强调记忆符号与数字场景的关联性、促进用户感官体验与情感记忆的协调统一等四项开发原则,提出提升红色档案记忆聚合度、提炼具有民族特征的红色档案、构建红色记忆数字资源库以及创建红色档案数字记忆展现平台等四条策略,以期助力西南民族地区红色档案开发。

Inhibitory effects of luteolin on TLR3-mediated inflammation caused by TAK/NF-κB signaling in human corneal flbroblasts

AIM: To study the role of luteolin(LUT) in the expression of toll-like receptors 3(TLR3) ligand poly I:C stimulated inflammatory factors in human corneal fibroblasts(HCFs).METHODS: HCFs cells were cultivated with or without LUT or poly I:C.The expression levels of interleukin(IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM)-1, as well as intercellular adhesion molecule(ICAM)-1 were measured using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), immunoblotting or reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) analyses.Immunoblotting was used to assess toll-interleukin-1 receptor-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β(TRIF), TLR3, transforming growth factor-bactivated kinase 1(TAK1), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6), the transcription factor AP-1, as well as transcription factor nuclear factor(NF-κB)–inhibitory protein IκB-α degradation and phosphorylation.Immunofluorescence assays were used to localize the cellular location of the p65 subunit of NF-κB.RESULTS: Corneal fibroblasts exposed to poly I:C demonstrated decreased VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 expression levels upon exposure to LUT in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner.LUT was observed to suppress poly I:C-triggered expression of TLR3, the translocation of NF-κB p65 into cell nuclei, as well as the phosphorylation of TAK, c-Jun, and IκB-α, while no impact on the expression levels of TRIF and TRAF6 were observed.CONCLUSION: LUT suppress the expression of proinflammatory adhesion molecules, chemokines, and cytokines in poly I:C exposed HCFs.These effects are likely mediated through TAK/NF-κB signal attenuation.Therefore, LUT is a candidate molecule that can prevent the TLR3-mediated inflammation response associated with corneal viral infection.

Transgene expression and differentiation of baculovirus-transduced adipose-derived stem cells from dystrophin-utrophin double knock-out mouse

In this study, recombinant baculovirus carrying the microdystrophin and β-catenin genes was used to infect adipose-derived stem cells from a dystrophin-utrophin double knock-out mouse. Results showed that, after baculovirus transgene infection, microdystrophin and β-catenin genes were effectively expressed in adipose-derived stem cells from the dystrophin-utrophin double knock-out mouse. Furthermore, this transgenic expression promoted adipose-derived stem cell differentiation into muscle cells, but inhibited adipogenic differentiation. In addition, protein expression related to the microdystrophin and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was upregulated. Our experimental findings indicate that baculovirus can successfully deliver the microdystrophin and β-catenin genes into adipose-derived stem cells, and the microdystrophin and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in myogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells in the dystrophin-utrophin double knock-out mouse.

Prevalence and risk factors of HIV and syphilis,and knowledge and risk behaviors related to HIV/AIDS among men who have sex with men in Chongqing,China

High HIV prevalence and incidence burdens have been reported in men who have sex with men（MSM）in Chongqing,China.We aimed to estimate the prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections（STIs）,to appraise the knowledge and risk behaviors related to HIV/AIDS among MSM,and to analyze the possible causes of deviation between behavior and knowledge to make better strategies.We recruited 617 MSM from February to July in 2008 by using a respondent-driven sampling（RDS） method in Chongqing,China.Through the collection of questionnaire-based data and biological testing results from all objects,we launched a crosssectional survey.STATA/SE was used for data analysis by frequency,ANOVA,rank sum test and logistic regression models.MSM with syphilis（OR=4.16,95%CI：2.35-7.33,P〈0.0001） were more likely to be HIV infected.Being a company employee（OR=3.64,95%CI：1.22-10.08,P〈0.0001） and having bought male for sex（OR=3.52,95%CI：1.10-11.32,P〈0.034） were associated with a higher probability of syphilis.MSM with younger age,higher education and greater monthly income had a higher mean knowledge score.MSM who had HIV testing had a higher mean knowledge score than those who never had.Students,venues for finding sex partners by Internet and homosexuals in MSM had a higher mean knowledge score compared to other occupations,venues for finding sex partners and sexual orientation.There is an urgent need for delivery of barrier and biomedical interventions with coordinated behavioral and structural strategies to improve the effect of HIV interventions among MSM.