Investigation and Analysis on the Physical and Mental Health Status of Intern Nurses in a Hospital,Gansu Province

Objective:To analyze the investigation results of mental health Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90)of nursing interns(hereinafter referred to as nursing students)in a hospital in Gansu Province,to comprehensively and objectively understand the mental health status of nursing students,in order to provide the basis of maintaining and improving the mental health level of nursing students.Methods:Totally 121 nursing interns were surveyed using SCL-90,and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS19.0.Results:The mental health status of nursing students in a hospital in Gansu Province is higher than that of normal adults in China.The scores of the six factors(somatization,obsessive-compulsive symptoms,depression,anxiety,horror,and psychosis)are higher(P<0.01).Compared with the group norm,the four factors of somatization,obsessive-compulsive symptoms,terror,and anxiety are higher(P<0.01),but they are better than the mental health status of college students in China(except for somatic symptoms)(P<0.01).Conclusion:The mental health status of nursing students is poor and needs attention.Interventions can be taken to alleviate psychological problems of nursing students,thoroughly improve their anxiety and depression,and thus improve their health.

Network Pharmacology Evaluation Method Guidance-Draft

Foreword Note:Some of the document contents may involve certain patents,the identification of which is not the responsibility of the institution that releases the document.Main drafting organizations:Tsinghua University,Specialty Committee of Network Pharmacology of World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies(WFCMS).

Molecular Analysis-Based Genetic Characterization of a Cohort of Patients with Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy in Eastern China

Background： Duchenne muscular dystrophy （DMD） and Becker muscular dystrophy （BMD） are common X-linked recessive neuromuscular disorders caused by mutations in dystrophin gene. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction （multiplex PCR） and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification （MLPA） are the most common methods for detecting dystrophin gene mutations, This study aimed to contrast the two methods and discern the genetic characterization of patients with DMD/BMD in Eastern China. Methods： We collected 121 probands, 64 mothers ofprobands, and 15 fetuses in our study. The dystrophin gene was detected by multiplex PCR primarily in 28 probands, and MLPA was used in multiplex PCR-negative cases subsequently. The dystrophin gene of the remaining 93 probands and 62 female potential carriers was tested by MLPA directly. In fetuses, multiplex PCR and MLPA were performed on 4 fetuses and 10 fetuses, respectively. In addition, sequencing was also performed in 4 probands with negative MLPA. Results： We found that 61.98% of the subjects had genetic mutations including deletions （50.41%） and duplications （11.57%）. There were 43.75% of mothers as carriers of the mutation. In 15 fetuses, 2 out of 7 male fetuses were found to be unhealthy and 2 out of 8 female fetuses were found to be carriers. Exons 3-26 and 45-52 have the maximum frequency in mutation regions. In the frequency ofexons individually, exon 47 and exon 50 were the most common in deleted regions and exons 5, 6, and 7 were found most frequently in duplicated regions. Conclusions： MLPA has better productivity and sensitivity than multiplex PCR. Prenatal diagnosis should be applied in DM D high-risk fetuses to reduce the disease incidence. Furthermore, it is the responsibility of physicians to inform female carriers the importance of prenatal diagnosis.

Towards a scientific rationale for traditional properties of Chinese medicinal plants: “natures” and “flavors”

Objective: According to theory of Chinese medicine property, the ecological environment shapes properties(natures and flavors) of Chinese materia medica(CMM) and there are close relationships between certain natures and flavors. However, to date these observations have not been validated scientifically in the context of the whole flora of a region. The present study aims to address this gap.Methods: We collected geographical distributions of 3637 vascular plant species native to the Xinjiang region of northwest China, of which around 812 are medicinal plants. The CMM property characters of these medicinal plants were also collected. All medicinal plants were then analyzed in the occurrence of their natures(cold, cool, neutral, warm, and hot) and flavors(sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and pungent). Possible correlations between these properties and environmental factors, notably climate, as well as correlations with plant species richness of the wider native flora of Xinjiang were then investigated using permutation test and regression.Results: Cold species(38.5%) were more numerous than warm(21.0%) and neutral(22.3%), while bitter species(43.3%) were more numerous than pungent(25.6%), sweet(22.4%) and sour(6.7%) ones. Species with bitter flavor were most commonly also cold(48.6%) in nature, sour flavor usually coincided with cold(44.2%) or cool nature(26.0%), whereas pungent or sweet species tended to be warm(34.4%, 28.4%) or neutral(27.8%, 28.4%). The percentages of species of cold/cool nature, bitter flavor were higher in mountainous regions, and the percentages of warm/neutral and pungent/sweet/sour were higher in basins. The percentages of species of cold/cool, bitter were positively correlated with actual evapotranspiration(AET),and also plant species richness but had a bell-shaped relationship with potential evapotranspiration(PET),whereas the inverse situation was shown for warm/neutral and pungent/sweet/sour species.Conclusion: Analysis of the data in Xinjiang region of China supports the qualitative observations concerning natures and flavors in traditional theory of Chinese medicine property. Specifically,(i) certain natures and flavors co-occur more frequently than if randomly distributed;(ii) correlations between proportions of natures and flavors and climatic variables suggest a role for the environment in shaping the properties of CMM.

The Psychosomatic Thought of Tibetan Medicine and its Treatment Methods

Objectives:Call on people to treat the causes of physical diseases is to take into account the causes of psychological factors as well as external causes.Materials and Methods:The analysis was conducted by combining the classical medical books of Tibetan medicine,as well as the traditional culture and living habits of Tibetan people,with modern research results.Results:Many of the theories mentioned in Tibetan medicine related to mind-body medicine have been confirmed by modern research.Mental and physical treatment related to psychosomatic diseases should be administered simultaneously.First,when a person is healthy,he should cultivate his mind to build a solid psychological defense against diseases.Developing both the mind and body contributes to creating a stable physical protection barrier against diseases.When a person is ill,he should realign his mind and help his body adjust and promote its early recovery with the help of medications.Conclusions:Treating related psychosomatic diseases should treat the mind and body simultaneously.And the mind and body should be cultivated before diseases to reinforce the psychological and physical defense against diseases.

Modern Research of Tibetan Medicine

Tibetan medicine is one of the important components of our national medicine. In recent years, research on Tibetan medicine has gradually deepened from quality control, formulation research,chemical composition, and pharmacological effects.In addition, clinical application and experimental research have made great progress.This paper summarizes the latest developments in Tibetan medicine theory and experimental research,in order to provide reference for the development and clinical application of Tibetan medicine in the future.

Study on the Biological Basis of Hypertension and Syndrome with Liver-Fire Hyperactivity Based on Data Mining Technology

Objective: To construct gene co-occurrence network of hypertension and liver-fire hyperactivity syndrome, to investigate the biological basis of hypertension and liver-fire hyperactivity syndrome and the characteristics of the molecular network from gene level.Materials and Methods: Applying Gen CLip 2.0 online platform to retrieve the up-to-date literature referred to essential hypertension from PubMed database, cluster the abnormal expression of essential hypertension-related genes and analyze their function, combining Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes-pathway analysis to investigate the closely related genes and the signaling molecules.Based on the genes closely related to hypertension, standard diagnostic symptoms of liver-fire hyperactivity were used as keywords to conduct hypertension liver-fire hyperactivity-related gene cluster analysis.Results: The top 1000 genes of essential hypertension were retrieved from GenCLip 2.0 online platform, which mainly clustered in the regulation of ambulatory blood pressure, regulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS), and sympathetic nervous system activity, as well as endothelial dysfunction; the closely related genes of hypertension with liver-fire hyperactivity are related to RAAS, gene REN, angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensinogen, and cytochrome P450 family CYP2D6.Conclusion: A combination of literature mining and data mining can construct the gene network of hypertension and the syndrome-related genes, which provides a new method for the study of the biological basis of hypertension from the genetic level.

The Present Scenario, Challenges, and Future Anticipation of Traditional Mongolian Medicine in China

The objective was to study the present scenario,challenges,and future anticipation of traditional Mongolian medicine(TMM)in China.The literature was retrieved using various sources of information such as meetings with TMM experts,research and review articles,national health databases,and government websites and authoritative papers.Health care using TMM,TMM education and research,and the pharmaceutical industry of TMM has been improved by implementing TMM growth policies.TMM has been extensively used for health care in Mongolia and in various regions of China including Beijing.The national education system of China contains a stream of TMM education.There is a yearly increase in research productivity in the field of TMM due to extensive research funding by the government.The rapidly growing pharmaceutical industry of TMM has provided more availability of TMM to more patients.The literature search revealed good preservation and development of TMM in China,urging the need to take steps for the promotion of its spread and development in China and worldwide.

Mechanism of Wuweijiangyasan in the Treatment of Spontaneous Hypertension based on Network Pharmacology

Background:Hypertension affects over 1 billion people globally and is the top risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.Wuweijiangyasan(WWJYS),as an empirical prescription,has stable depressurization effects.This study investigated the chemical composition and pharmacodynamic effects of WWJYS in regulating the blood pressure(BP),emotion,and blood lipid of spontaneous hypertensive rats,and further explored the depressurization mechanism of WWJYS.Materials and Methods:This study used network pharmacology to identify the origins and predict targets of WWJYS,and artificial intelligence-based molecular docking is used to further predict targets and mechanisms.The chemical constituents of WWJYS were analyzed and identified by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(MS)/MS.Results:In the WWJYS group,the systolic BP level significantly was decreased,and the HR was stable.The irritability became stable after the 5-week treatment compared with the model group(P<0.05).Rats’rotation tolerance time increased after 2-weeks stabilization.Compared with the model group,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein and mRNA of the WWJYS group increased significantly(P<0.05).Network pharmacology collected 64 compounds and identified 22 potential targets of WWJYS for antihypertensive activity.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that WWJYS might regulate smooth muscle cells,affect inflammatory response and improve endothelial function through multiple pathways.The molecular docking study further supported that the target proteins have good combinations with the main active components of WWJYS.Conclusions:The data indicated that WWJYS had significant depressurization,analgesic,and sedative,as well as lipid-lowering effects,and the depressurization mechanism of WWJYS may function in multiple signal pathways,especially in improving blood vessel function and intervening inflammation.

Theoretical Characteristics of Tibetan Medicine

Similar to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Tibetan medicine emphasizes the concepts of holism,balance,and etiology.With the individual as the nexus of macro-and micro-ecologies,multi-layered systemic etiologies,inform therapeutic pharmacologies for cultivating network effects to induce the healing response.Tibetan medicine approaches health and healing through perspectives that frame the balance achieved in the internal world as inextricably linked to balance in the external world,and vice versa,that includes expressions of mind and consciousness.The external world refers to the broader context of the natural world as comprised of matter and energy expressed through five elemental dynamics(Chi.Tu,Shui,Huo,Feng and Kong;Tib.Sa,Chu,Mé,r Lung and Kha)describing principles of solidity,cohesion,heat,motility,and interactive space,or earth,water,fire,wind and space,respectively.The internal world refers to the local context of the physical mass and biochemical cascades of energy transfers comprising the human body,its behaviors and functions,including cognitive factors,as also expressed through the five elemental dynamics.The external and internal systems merge as a unified whole,where the five elemental dynamics characterize materio-energetic exchanges between the broader and local ecologies of individual body and natural world,as well as social relations,mental affects,and contextual conditions.The interdependence,opposition,restriction and transformation among three physiological systems known as nyépa(Three Causal Factors)-r Lung,Tripa and Béken(pronounced lōōng,trīpa,baekan,respectively)-are used to discuss the balance of the whole.The causal origins of disease are explained through disturbances to these systems as a combination of afflictive mental factors,physiologic imbalances,and disturbing conditions from the natural world,such as environmental toxins,pathogens,and exposures.Of the three causal origins,afflictive mental factors are particularly emphasized as important etiological conditioning influences.Initiation and progression of disease is divided into four stages:baseline stage,initiating stage,developing stage,and maturing stage.Each stage has an explicit therapeutic paradigm for treatment,recovery,and health maintenance demonstrating the distinct theoretical framework for disease treatment in Tibetan medicine as specific to individual body,particular disease etiology,and constitutionally-directed unique compound metabolism pharmacodynamically.