Ophiostomatales (Ascomycota) associated with Tomicus species in southwestern China with an emphasis on Ophiostoma canum

Ophiostomatalean fungi may facilitate bark beetle colonization and reproduction.In the present study of the fungal community associated with bark beetle species belonging to Tomicus in Yunnan,China,six ophiostomatalean fungi(Ophiostoma canum,O.ips,O.tingens,Leptographium yunnanense,Leptographium sp.1 and Leptographium sp.2)were isolated from the beetles or their galleries;O.canum was the most common fungal species.The distribution of O.canum was associated with stands heavily damaged by Tomicus species and a higher percentage of valid galleries of Tomicus yunnanensis and T.minor in Yunnan pine(Pinus yunnanensis).After inoculation of Yunnan pine with the fungus,a phloem reaction zone formed and monoterpenes accumulated in the phloem.These results suggested that O.canum was pathogenic to Yunnan pine and that the wide distribution of the fungus might be benefi cial to reproduction of pine shoot beetles in Yunnan pine.However,because the reaction zone and monoterpene accumulation were mild,fungal damage of Yunnan pine might be limited.A more integrated study considering all the fungal species should be done to better understand the interactions among bark beetles,blue-stain fungi,and the tree hosts in the region.

Effects of High Temperature Treatment on Seed Germination of Dodonaea viscosa(L.) Jacq

Seeds of Dodonaea viscosa （L.） Jacq, a representative species in dry and hot valleys in Southwest China, were chosen as experimental materials. In this experiment, the D. viscosa seeds were treated at 40, 60, 80 and 100℃ respectively before germination to study impacts of high temperature treatment on their generation rate and to further discuss the roles of fire during the process of vegetation formation in dry and hot valley areas of China. The results show that when the temperature was higher than 40 ℃, the germination rate of D. viscosa seeds was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the heat shock effect was apparent. The germination rate was the highest when the seeds were treated at 80 ℃ for 10 min, reaching 63.00%±2.55%. There was still a significant heat shock effect on the D. viscosa seeds which were stored for one year. In comparison with the conventional method of soaking seeds in hot water, the germination rate of D. viscose seeds which were treated at high temperature before germination increased significantly.

HRCT Scans of Peripheral Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers and their Relationship with Cyclin D1 Expression:a Longitudinal Study

OBJECTIVE To investigate cyclin D1 expression in peripheral lung cancers and its relationship with CT signs and prognosis. METHODS Cyclin D1 expression in peripheral lung cancers and its relationship with the CT imaging and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively by means of SP immunohistochemistry and spiral CT scanning in 92 patients with peripheral lung cancer verified by pathology. RESULTS Cyclin D1 expression was related to deep lobulation,spiculate protuberance,short thin spinules sign and mediastina lymph node metastasis.Cyclin D1 expression was not related to tumor size,cavity,pleural indentation,histological type,differentiation,tumor TNM stage,age or sex.Cyclin D1 was a negative prognostic factor whose over-expression indicated a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Cyclin D1 expression may play an important role in the occurrence,progress and CT scan results of lung cancers.Cyclin D1 was a negative factor whose over-expression implied a poor prognosis.Detection of the cyclin D1 and observation of the CT scan can be considered as indexes of clinical diagnosis and prognostic evaluation.