Modulation of starch digestibility using non-thermal processing techniques:A review

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are widespread throughout the world, especially in developed countries. Starch is an important part of human staple food, the modulating of starch digestibility is conducive to reducing postprandial blood glucose levels and alleviating the chronic disease caused by high caloric intake. The digestion properties of starch are correlated with its structural features, including crystallization, amylose/amylopectin ratio, non-starch components, etc. Among the modified methods applied to regulate starch digestibility, non-thermal processing techniques(NTPT) receive extensive attention due to the characteristics of safety, environmental friendliness and high efficiency. The influence and mechanism of NTPT on the digestion properties of starch are discussed in this review, including ultrasounds, high pressure, γ-irradiation, etc. NTPT induces the alternation of morphological and structural characteristics of native starch, changing their sensitivity to enzymes. The effects of NTPT on the digestibility of starch are highly related to the processing parameters and structure characteristics of native starch. The review shows that NTPT is an effective way to modulate the digestion properties of starch and prevent people from suffering from chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Physicochemical, structural characterization, and antioxidant activities of chondroitin sulfate from Oreochromis niloticus bones

In this study,chondroitin sulfate was extracted from Oreochromis niloticus bones(OCS)and isolated to three fractions(OCS-1,OCS-2,and OCS-3).The physicochemical properties and structure characterization including monosaccharide,disaccharide compositions,molecular weight(Mw)of OCS were determined by HPAEC,HPLC-SAX,HPGPC,FT-IR spectra,and 1D/2D NMR.Moreover,their thermal properties,crystalline structure,and microstructure were also analyzed.Results showed that their Mw were between 10 kDa and 50 kDa.CS-6 was the predominant disaccharide unit in four OCS,and the CS-4/CS-6 ratios were close to CS from shark cartilage.Besides,the results of antioxidant activity showed that different fractions of OCS had a distinct DPPH radical,hydroxyl radical,and ABTS+radical scavenging activity.OCS-1 has the highest scavenging activities in DPPH and hydroxyl radical compared with other fractions,which showed a higher medicinal value.Those findings may lay some theoretical basis for the potential application development of OCS.

Synthesis and Properties of a Novel 3D Europium Coordination Polymer with Helical Chain and （3,6）-Connected rtl Net

The first coordination polymer of 2,2＇-（（4-carboxymethyl-1,3-phenylene）bis（oxy）） diacetic acid （H3L） with eu- ropium（[II） ion, [Eu（L）（H2O）]＇3H2O （1）, has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Complex 1 exhibits a 3D coordination polymer with helical chain and rtl topology of the point symbol （4·6^2）2（4^2·6^10·8^3） based on [Eu2（COO）4] as secondary building unit （SBU）. Furthermore, the luminescent and magnetic properties of complex 1 are studied.

Syntheses, Supramolecular Structures and Antibacterial Activities of Five Helical Transition Complexes with 5-Chloro-1-phenyl-1 H-pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylic Acid

Five new transition metal complexes [Cu（HL）2（H20）2] （1）, [Cu（HL）z（phen）] （2）, [Cu（HL）2（H20）]2（4,4′-bipy） （3）, [Zn（HL）2（HzO）2].（4,4′-bipy） （4）, [Ag（HL）（4,4′-bipy）]n （5）, （H2L=5-chloro-l-phenyl-lH-pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, phen=1,10-phenanthroline; 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′bipyridine） have been synthesized and characterized. Complexes 1, 2 and 4 exhibit monomeric structures, 3 shows a dinuclear structure, 5 displays 1D chain structure, and all extend to 3D supramolecular network via rich hydrogen bonds. Complexes 1, 2, 3, 5 comprise single helical chains, while complex 4 generates quadruple-stranded helical chains. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities of the titled complexes against bacterial species, three Gram positive bacteria （Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans） and two Gram negative bacteria （Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa） were stud-ied and compared to the activities of free ligands by using the microdilution method.