学思践悟培育科学素养,知行合一发挥“慧眼”专长——分析化学实验课程思政建设

针对化学实验教学过程中所存在的思政要素与专业知识融入不够而导致的学生职业使命感和价值观薄弱问题,分析化学实验课程将思政元素有机融入到实验内容中,制定了知识、能力、素质有机融合的“三位一体”育人目标,建设了“六聚焦”的思政案例库,实施了“七融进”的课程思政教学举措,创新了“五联动”的思政育人设计,打造了有深度、有温度的挑战性课堂,与学生进行知识的对话、思维的对话和心灵的对话。

理论与实验相结合,培养化学创新人才——以气相色谱法分析醇系物实验为例

基础化学实验教学中,学生易由于对相关化学原理理解不足等原因处于被动学习状态,影响实验教学效果。理论化学研究可以直观形象地给出基础化学原理中涉及但无法直接观测的物质之间的相互作用,物质内部电子的运动规律,光、电与分子或分子中电子的相互作用等微观尺度的信息,将抽象的原理和理论教学内容形象化,加深学生对基础化学原理的理解。本文以气相色谱法分析醇系物实验为例,介绍团队将简单理论化学计算融入到基础化学实验教学中,为提高教学质量、实施创新人才培养而采取的举措和实施效果。学生在完成传统实验内容的同时,利用密度泛函理论研究醇系物与吸附材料的相互作用,并完成对计算结果和实验数据的分析和讨论等研究性任务。学情分析表明,该尝试有效地激发了学生学习基础化学理论的热情,加深了他们对化学理论的理解,也培养了学生分析问题、解决问题的能力,提高了实验教学效果,为拔尖创新人才的培养保驾护航。

面向拔尖创新人才培养的仪器分析课程建设与改革实践

面向拔尖创新人才培养,针对仪器分析课程中存在的“知识杂、多、散,系统性不强;基本原理和仪器构造抽象复杂;学生解决实际问题能力不强”等教学痛点问题,结合数字资源和学习通等智慧教学工具,开展了“思政引领、资源保障、科教协同、多元融合”的教学改革实践。通过思政元素的无声渗透,科学发展史、经典科学前沿文献和重大科技事件创新过程的重现,虚拟仿真软件对基本原理的展示,以及教学手段的多元融合,全面深化学生对基本概念的理解,分析问题、解决问题能力的提升和科研创新能力的升华,培养其成为德才兼备的拔尖创新人才。

面向拔尖创新人才培养,革新分析化学课程教学

详细介绍了为适应拔尖创新人才培养的要求,我校应用化学(理科)专业分析化学课程教学中通过优化教学内容,实施“以学生为中心、问题为导向”的教学设计,让学生体验“在学中用、在用中学”的主动学习而采取的具体举措和思考。

Predicting the grades of Astragali radix using mass spectrometrybased metabolomics and machine learning

Astragali radix(AR,the dried root of Astragalus)is a popular herbal remedy in both China and the United States.The commercially available AR is commonly classified into premium graded(PG)and ungraded(UG)ones only according to the appearance.To uncover novel sensitive and specific markers for AR grading,we took the integrated mass spectrometry-based untargeted and targeted metabolomics approaches to characterize chemical features of PG and UG samples in a discovery set(n=16 batches).A series of five differential compounds were screened out by univariate statistical analysis,including arginine,calycosin,ononin,formononetin,and astragalosideⅣ,most of which were observed to be accumulated in PG samples except for astragalosideⅣ.Then,we performed machine learning on the quantification data of five compounds and constructed a logistic regression prediction model.Finally,the external validation in an independent validation set of AR(n=20 batches)verified that the five compounds,as well as the model,had strong capability to distinguish the two grades of AR,with the prediction accuracy>90%.Our findings present a panel of meaningful candidate markers that would significantly catalyze the innovation in AR grading.

Comparative analysis of constitutes and metabolites for traditional Chinese medicine using IDA and SWATH data acquisition modes on LC-Q-TOF MS

Identification of components and metabolites of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)employing liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(LC-Q-TOF MS)techniques with information-dependent acquisition(IDA)approaches is increasingly frequent.A current drawback of IDA-MS is that the complexity of a sample might prevent important compounds from being triggered in IDA settings.Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment-ion spectra(SWATH)is a dataindependent acquisition(DIA)method where the instrument deterministically fragments all precursor ions within the predefined m/z range in a systematic and unbiased fashion.Herein,the superiority of SWATH on the detection of TCMs’components was firstly investigated by comparing the detection efficiency of SWATH-MS and IDA-MS data acquisition modes,and sanguisorbin extract was used as a mode TCM.After optimizing the setting parameters of SWATH,rolling collision energy(CE)and variable Q1 isolation windows were found to be more efficient for sanguisorbin identification than the fixed CE and fixed Q1 isolation window.More importantly,the qualitative efficiency of SWATH-MS on sanguisorbins was found significantly higher than that of IDA-MS data acquisition.In IDA mode,18 kinds of sanguisorbins were detected in sanguisorbin extract.A total of 47 sanguisorbins were detected when SWATH-MS was used under rolling CE and flexible Q1 isolation window modes.Besides,26 metabolites of sanguisorbins were identified in rat plasma,and their metabolic pathways could be deduced as decarbonylation,oxidization,reduction,methylation,and glucuronidation according to their fragmental ions acquired in SWATH-MS mode.Thus,SWATH-MS data acquisition could provide more comprehensive information for the component and metabolite identification for TCMs than IDA-MS.

Effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine–Calcium Chloride–Salicylic Acid on Yellowing and Reactive Oxygen Metabolism of Broccoli

In this study,we investigated the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA)–calcium chloride(CaCl_2)–salicylic acid(SA) treatment on the yellowing and reactive oxygen metabolism of harvested broccoli heads. We dipped fresh broccoli heads in a compound solution(0.6 mmol/L 6-BA + 40 mmol/L CaCl_2 + 3 mmol/L SA) for 5 min and then stored them at 23 °C for 4 days. The results showed that the 6-BA–CaCl_2 –SA postharvest treatment effectively retarded the increase in color values(e.g.,variations from black to white,from green to red,and from blue to yellow) and the decline in chlorophyll content of the broccoli heads. Compared with the control broccoli,the rate of superoxide anion radical(O_2^( ·-)) production and the hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) content were lowered by the treatment. We also found significant diff erences in the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT) and peroxidase(POD) in the treated broccoli. Based on these results,we consider 6-BA–CaCl_2 –SA to inhibit the accumulation of reactive oxygen,delay the degradation of chlorophyll,and prolong the shelf life of broccoli heads at 23 °C.

Lunasin peptide promotes lysosome-mitochondrial mediated apoptosis and mitotic termination in MDA-MB-231 cells

Lunasin,a novel bioactive peptide,is well-known for its anti-proliferation activity.However,the mechanism of this effect is still poorly reported.Here,synthesized lunasin was used and its anti-proliferative function was observed at the concentration of 0.25 mg/m L in human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231.Conjoint analysis of transcriptome and proteome of MDA-MB-231 cells was further performed.The results demonstrated that cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase(CASP)3,CASP 7,and CASP 14 were significantly up-regulated after lunasin exposure,together with an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio from 22.9 to 210.6,which indicated that caspase-mediated mitochondria intrinsic apoptosis was highly activated.Moreover,lysosomal pathway was signifi cantly suppressed under lunasin exposure,suggesting that lysosome may cooperate with mitochondria to participate in apoptosis.In addition,lunasin also down-regulated genes involved in DNA replication in MDA-MB-231 cells.Overall,our study reveals that the anti-proliferation effect of lunasin peptide might be triggered via the inhibition of DNA replication and cell mitosis,as well as the promotion of lysosome-mitochondrial mediated cell apoptosis.

Original Antigenic Sin on Antibody Response in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Infection and vaccination can provide protective immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has persisted, leading to breakthrough infections. Owing to the original antigenic sin (OAS), variant breakthrough infection or vaccination potentially induces a stronger antibody response against the ancestral strain than to subsequent variants, as in the case of influenza. Thus, overcoming OAS is important for the development of future vaccine designs. This review summarizes the recent findings on OAS in the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, with an emphasis on future vaccine designs.

Suppression of ETI by PTI priming to balance plant growth and defense through an MPK3/MPK6-WRKYs-PP2Cs module

Pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and effector-triggered immunity(ETI)are required for host defense against pathogens.Although PTI and ETI are intimately connected,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive.In this study,we demonstrate that flg22 priming attenuates Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato DC3000(Pst)AvrRpt2-induced hypersensitive cell death,resistance,and biomass reduction in Arabidopsis.Mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)are key signaling regulators of PTI and ETI.The absence of MPK3 and MPK6 significantly reduces pre-PTI-mediated ETI suppression(PES).We found that MPK3/MPK6 interact with and phosphorylate the downstream transcription factor WRKY18,which regulates the expression of AP2C1 and PP2C5,two genes encoding protein phosphatases.Furthermore,we observed that the PTI-suppressed ETI-triggered cell death,MAPK activation,and growth retardation are significantly attenuated in wrky18/40/60 and ap2c1 pp2c5 mutants.Taken together,our results suggest that the MPK3/MPK6-WRKYs-PP2Cs module underlies PES and is essential for the maintenance of plant fitness during ETI.

Establishment and characterization of a new cell culture system for hepatitis B virus replication and infection

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)is a primary cause of chronic liver diseases in humans.HBV infection exhibits strict host and tissue tropism.HBV core promoter(Cp)drives transcription of pregenomic RNA(pg RNA)and plays a key role in the viral life cycle.Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α(HNF4α)acts as a major transcriptional factor that stimulates Cp.In this work,we reported that BEL7404 cell line displayed a high efficiency of DNA transfection and high levels of HBV antigen expression after transfection of HBV replicons without prominent viral replication.The introduction of exogenous HNF4αand human sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide(h NTCP)expression into BEL7404made it permissive for HBV replication and susceptible to HBV infection.BEL7404-derived cell lines with induced HBV permissiveness and susceptibility were constructed by stable co-transfection of h NTCP and Tet-inducible HNF4αfollowed by limiting dilution cloning.HBV replication in such cells was sensitive to inhibition by nucleotide analog tenofovir,while the infection was inhibited by HBV entry inhibitors.This cell culture system provides a new and additional tool for the study of HBV replication and infection as well as the characterization of antiviral agents.

ProtoporphyrinⅨand verteporfin potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in a mouse model expressing human ACE2

The SARS-CoV-2 infection is spreading rapidly worldwide.Efficacious antiviral therapeutics against SARSCo V-2 is urgently needed.Here,we discovered that protoporphyrin IX(Pp IX)and verteporfin,two Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved drugs,completely inhibited the cytopathic effect produced by SARS-CoV-2 infection at 1.25 lmol/L and 0.31 lmol/L,respectively,and their EC50 values of reduction of viral RNA were at nanomolar concentrations.The selectivity indices of Pp IX and verteporfin were 952.74 and 368.93,respectively,suggesting a broad margin of safety.Importantly,Pp IX and verteporfin prevented SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice adenovirally transduced with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2).The compounds,sharing a porphyrin ring structure,were shown to bind viral receptor ACE2 and interfere with the interaction between ACE2 and the receptor-binding domain of viral S protein.Our study suggests that Pp IX and verteporfin are potent antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection and sheds new light on developing novel chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy against SARS-CoV-2.