Lung carcinoma with spindle and/or giant cell： a clinicopathological analysis of 17 cases

Objective： Lung carcinoma with spindle and （or） giant cell （LCSG） is a rare epithelial malignant tumor. The aim of our study is to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of 17 cases of LCSGs. Methods： Among 421 patients underwent resection of lung carcinomas, 17 cases of LCSG were studied for clinical, gross and histological parameters. Follow-up information was obtained and analyzed to clarify prognostically significant parameters. Results： The LCSG patients consisted of 15 males and 2 females, with the age ranging from 45 to 78 years （median, 58 years）; 5 cases of stage Ⅰ, 3 of stage Ⅱ, 9 of stage Ⅲ by pathological TNM staging; 2 cases of exclusively spindle cell carcinoma, 5 cases of lung carcinoma with spindle cell, 10 cases of lung carcinoma with giant-cell carcinoma. Cough, chest distress, or chest pain were the most common presenting symptoms, occurring in 15 patients （88.2%）. Of 5 patients in stage Ⅰ, 4 were alive and free of relapse for more than 5 years. The difference in survival was statistically significant between LCSG and squamous cell carcinoma patients （median survival, 36 vs. 61 months; P = 0.027）. Lymph node metastasis and carcinoma with giant cell were the hazardous factors impacting postoperative prognosis of LCSG patients. Conclusion： LCSG patients in early stage may have an optimistic outcome. Lung carcinomas with giant cell displayed multiple cell components in histopathology, and poor outcome due to more lymph node involved.

Study on the Synergetic Mechanism for the Dynamic Evaluation of Electricity Market Operational Efficiency

In Synergetics, when a complex system evolves from one sate to another, the order parameter plays a dominant role. We can analyze the complex system state by studying the dynamic of order parameter. We developed a synergetic model of electricity market operation system, and studied the dynamic process of the system with empirical example, which revealed the internal mechanism of the system evolution. In order to verify the accuracy of the synergetic model, fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm and grey relevance method were used. Finally, we found that the reserve rate of generation was the order parameter of the system. Then we can use the principle of Synergetics to evaluate the efficiency of electricity market operation.

Study on Comprehensive Efficiency Evaluation of Rural Power Grid under Rural Revitalization Strategy Considering Regional Differences

As an essential infrastructure,the rural power grid is vital in promoting agricultural and rural carbon sequestration and improving rural energy electrification.It is necessary to carry out in-depth research on its comprehensive efficiency.Based on the requirements of“double carbon”and rural revitalization strategy for the rural Power Grid,this paper focuses on the modernization and low-carbon transformation of the rural Power Grid.It constructs an input-output index system for the investment efficiency of the rural Power Grid in China under the new situation.It uses the primary data of the rural Power Grid of 30 prefecture-level cities in China from 2019 to 2021 to evaluate the investment efficiency of the rural Power Grid in China through a three-stage DEA model.The empirical results show that:considering the regional differences,the comprehensive efficiency of the rural Power Grid in backward areas is significantly improved;that is,the three-stage DEA method can more objectively evaluate the comprehensive efficiency of the rural Power Grid.In the context of the continued promotion of the rural revitalization strategy,to improve the comprehensive efficiency of the rural Power Grid,it is necessary to improve the technical level of the rural Power Grid further and appropriately expand the scale of investment in the rural Power Grid.

Sharing Economy in Local Energy Markets

With an increase in the electrification of end-use sectors,various resources on the demand side provide great flexibility potential for system operation,which also leads to problems such as the strong randomness of power consumption behavior,the low utilization rate of flexible resources,and difficulties in cost recovery.With the core idea of“access over ownership”,the concept of the sharing economy has gained substantial popularity in the local energy market in recent years.Thus,we provide an overview of the potential market design for the sharing economy in local energy markets(LEMs)and conduct a detailed review of research related to local energy sharing,enabling technologies,and potential practices.This paper can provide a useful reference and insights for the activation of demand-side flexibility potential.Hopefully,this paper can also provide novel insights into the development and further integration of the sharing economy in LEMs.

A bi-level optimal scheduling model for new-type power systems integrating large-scale renewable energy

The construction of a new type of power system is a key way to achieve the goal of‘carbon peaking and carbon neutrality’.In the process of developing renewable energy,large-scale wind and photovoltaic power systems replace conventional units,which will have an impact on the stability of the power grid.To eliminate these concerns,this paper proposes a bi-level optimal scheduling model for new-type power systems.The upper level aims to minimize fluctuation of net load,with the consideration of demand response,to smooth the load curve.The lower level takes the minimum operating cost of the new-type power system as the objective function and the most economical scheduling strategy is established.To deal with the uncertainty of renewable energy integrated within the system,the lower model is transformed into a two-stage robust optimization model and solved by applying a column-and-constraint generation method.Finally,a regional power system is selected to conduct a case study comprising 760 MW thermal power,50 MW·h energy storage,200 MW wind turbine and 150 MW photovoltaic power.The results show that the constructed two-stage robust optimization model is conducive to establishing the most economical scheduling scheme of the system with an uncertain budget and the minimum operation cost is$45,9031.In addition,demand response and energy storage can reduce peak-to-valley differences in the power system.