Heterostructured nickel-cobalt metal alloy and metal oxide nanoparticles as a polysulfide mediator for stable lithium-sulfur full batteries with lean electrolyte

Batteries that utilize low-cost elemental sulfur and light metallic lithium as electrodes have great potential in achieving high energy density.However,building a lithium-sulfur(Li-S)full battery by controlling the electrolyte volume generally produces low practical energy because of the limited electrochemical Li-S redox.Herein,the high energy/high performance of a Li-S full battery with practical sulfur loading and minimum electrolyte volume is reported.A unique hybrid architecture configured with Ni-Co metal alloy(NiCo)and metal oxide(NiCoO_(2))nanoparticles heterogeneously anchored in carbon nanotube-embedded selfstanding carbon matrix is fabricated as a host for sulfur.This work demonstrates the considerable improvement that the hybrid structure's high conductivity and satisfactory porosity promote the transport of electrons and lithium ions in Li-S batteries.Through experimental and theoretical validations,the function of NiCo and NiCoO_(2) nanoparticles as an efficient polysulfide mediator is established.These particles afford polysulfide anchoring and catalytic sites for Li-S redox reaction,thus improving the redox conversion reversibility.Even at high sulfur loading,the nanostructured Ni-Co metal alloy and metal oxide enable to have stable cycling performance under lean electrolyte conditions both in half-cell and full-cell batteries using a graphite anode.

Long-lasting,reinforced electrical networking in a high-loading Li_(2)S cathode for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries

Realizing a lithium sulfide(Li_(2)S)cathode with both high energy density and a long lifespan requires an innovative cathode design that maximizes electrochemical performance and resists electrode deterioration.Herein,a high-loading Li_(2)S-based cathode with micrometric Li_(2)S particles composed of two-dimensional graphene(Gr)and one-dimensional carbon nanotubes(CNTs)in a compact geometry is developed,and the role of CNTs in stable cycling of high-capacity Li–S batteries is emphasized.In a dimensionally combined carbon matrix,CNTs embedded within the Gr sheets create robust and sustainable electron diffusion pathways while suppressing the passivation of the active carbon surface.As a unique point,during the first charging process,the proposed cathode is fully activated through the direct conversion of Li_(2)S into S_(8) without inducing lithium polysulfide formation.The direct conversion of Li_(2)S into S_(8) in the composite cathode is ubiquitously investigated using the combined study of in situ Raman spectroscopy,in situ optical microscopy,and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy.The composite cathode demonstrates unprecedented electrochemical properties even with a high Li_(2)S loading of 10 mg cm^(–2);in particular,the practical and safe Li–S full cell coupled with a graphite anode shows ultra-long-term cycling stability over 800 cycles.

农杆菌介导的大豆病原体Phomopsis longicolla转化

为促进大豆病原体Phomopsis longicolla的功能基因组学研究，创建了一个完善的农杆菌属介导转化系统，该转化系统可使大豆病原体P．longicolla每1×10 6分生孢子产生150～250转化株。首次报道的P．longicolla土壤农杆菌介导转化系统为在大豆上危害日益严重的病原菌插入突变体研究提供了有效途径。

Quasi-compensatory effect in emerging anode-free lithium batteries

As electric vehicle(EV)sales grew approximately 50%year-over-year,surpassing 3.2 million units in 2020,the“roaring era”of EV is around the corner.To meet the increasing demand for low cost and high energy density batteries,anode-free configuration,with no heavy and voluminous host material on the current collector,has been proposed and further investigated.Nevertheless,it always suffers from several non-negligible“bottlenecks”,such as fragile solid electrolyte interface,deteriorated cycling reversibility,and uncontrolled dendrite formation.Inspired by the“compensatory effect”of some disabled people with other specific functions strengthened to make up for their inconvenience,corresponding quasi-compensatory measures after anode removal,involving dimensional compensation,SEI robustness compensation,lithio-philicity compensation,and lithium source compensation,have been carried out and achieved significant battery performance enhancement.In this review,the chemistry,challenges,and rationally designed“quasi-compensatory effect”associated with anode-free lithium-ion battery are systematically discussed with several possible R&D directions that may aid,direct,or facilitate future research on lithium storage in anode-free configuration essentially emphasized.

Medially based de-epithelialized flap for nasal base narrowing and nostril sill augmentation in a cleft lip nasal deformity

Aim:The authors observed the nostril floor in a gross cadaver specimen histologically and innovated a medially based de-epithelialized flap for nasal base narrowing and nostril sill augmentation.Methods:In cadaver,fully thick section was taken from the nostril sill at the midpoint of the columella base and ala base,and stained with Masson-Trichrome.In eight patients,circumferential incision along the nostril sill and alar base freed the alar base from the upper lip.At the columellar base,fresh epithelium was shaved on the medial side of the incision line.The widened scar on the upper lip was excised.The de-epithelialized tip of the columellar base was pulled under the medial tip of the alar base flap and sutured tightly.Four anthropometric distances were measured preoperatively and postoperatively.Results:Histologically the nostril sill was composed of thickened dermis.Just below the dermis,the depressor septi nasi muscle ran obliquely,augmenting the nostril sill.The nostril floor width,alar distance,and alar curvature distance decreased on the cleft side after the operation.Conclusion:A medially based de-epithelialized flap narrows the alar base and augments the nostril sill simultaneously,since the de-epithelialized part of the excess skin augments the depressed nostril sill.

Improvements in the cervical angle and anthropometric distances using elasticum suspension

Aim:This study aims to characterize the effects of elastic facelifts using the elasticum suspension technique on the cervical angle and anthropometric distances.Methods:Forty-six patients underwent surgery.Two 4-5 mm incisions a few centimetres apart were made at sideburn.Through blunt dissection,the deep temporal fascia was approached.An elastic thread(Elasticum®)was anchored to this fascia.A 1.0 cm incision was made just in front of the earlobe.The elastic thread was anchored to the tympanoparotid fascia.Jano needle was passed under the skin surface,as determined by the depth mark of the needle along the cervicomandibular angle,and the elastic threads were looped around the contralateral tympanoparotid fascia.Standard lateral photographs were taken and evaluated.Results:The elasticum suspension significantly decreased the cervical angle(P<0.001,-5.5±9.8%).This procedure significantly decreased the distance from the gonion-gnathion to the labiale inferioris(Gn-Li)(P<0.001,-18.4±25.5%).The ratio of the distance from Gn to the cervical point(Gn-C)to Gn-Li increased significantly(P<0.001,62.8±85.8%)and the ratio of the distance from C to the visible thyroid cartilage(C-T)to Gn-C decreased significantly(P=0.007,-7.1±45.2%).Conclusion:Elasticum suspension may be a satisfactory minimally invasive method for facelifts,brow lifts,and neck lifts.

Effects of increasing the degree of building height asymmetry on ventilation and pollutant dispersion within street canyons

Rational urban design helps to build sustainable cities with high ventilation capacity and pollutant removal ca-pacity,but the effect of building height on ventilation and pollutant dispersion inside asymmetric canyons has not been fully studied.In this paper,we studied the effect of increasing the degree of building height asym-metry(DBHA)on canyon ventilation and pollutant diffusion in shallow and deep asymmetric street canyons by considering six different building height ratios(BHR=3/4,1/2,1/3,4/3,2/1 and 3/1).The results show that increasing the DBHA in asymmetric canyons can improve the ventilation and pollutant removal capacity.For step-up canyons,increasing the downwind building height is very useful to improve ventilation and pollutant re-moval.For shallow/deep step-up canyons with BHR=1/3,the air exchange rate(ACH)increased to 211.2%and 380.1%of the flat canyons,respectively.The spatially-average pollutant concentration in the pedestrian zones(leeward Kavg∗ang windward Kavg∗)decreases significantly with the increase of DBHA,especially for the deep step-up canyon with BHR=1/3,the leeward Kavg∗and windward Kavg∗decrease to 15.3%and 3%,respectively.Also,increasing the upwind building height can also improve the ventilation capacity in the step-down canyons.For the deep step-down canyon with BHR=3/1,the leeward Kavg∗and windward Kavg∗decreased to 40.6%and 24.1%of the deep flat canyon,respectively.Notably,the ventilation capacity is very low for step-down canyons with BHR=4/3,and for step-down canyons with BHR≥2/1,the ventilation capacity and pollutant removal capacity increase significantly with the increase of DBHA.Therefore,in urban planning,step-down canyons with BHR=4/3 should be avoided and designed to satisfy the condition of BHR≥2/1.These findings will be a valuable reference for urban designers to build sustainable cities with high ventilation capacity.