张紧式锚泊单浮箱水动力特性试验研究

为研究张紧式浮式防波堤的水动力性能,采用二维物理模型试验方法,研究系泊缆锚泊倾角、系泊缆预张力以及浮箱相对宽度等因素,在规则波作用下对迎浪面动水压力、系泊缆拉力以及透射系数等水动力特征的影响规律。结果表明:随着锚泊倾角增加,迎浪面动水压力呈先增加后减小的趋势,系泊缆拉力呈先增加后轻微减小的趋势,透射系数则呈明显的减小趋势;随着系泊缆预张力增加,迎浪面动水压力、系泊缆拉力呈增加趋势,透射系数呈先减小后增加趋势;随着浮箱相对宽度增加,迎浪面动水压力、系泊缆拉力和透射系数均呈减小趋势。该结果可为张紧式锚泊单浮箱浮式防波堤的设计和安全性评估提供参考。

两种型式的波能装置-浮式防波堤水动力性能比较研究

波能装置-浮式防波堤是将浮式防波堤与波能转换装置集成,兼具防波消浪和捕获波浪能的集成装置,能够有效降低单一功能波能转换装置的成本。研究者们提出了许多波能装置-浮式防波堤的结构型式,其中非对称式浮体结构相比于对称式浮体结构,在单向入射波的水动力性能方面拥有一定的优势。本文针对导桩锚泊的非对称式方箱-三角形挡浪板和方箱-垂直挡浪板两种浮体结构型式,通过数值模拟的方式,对比分析其水动力特性和波能俘获特性。数值模型基于黏性流体理论,以Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,并采用VOF方法和浸没边界法求解自由面边界和流固耦合作用,探究不同入射波周期、水深和浮体排水条件下集成装置水动力性能(消波特性、能量耗散特性和波能俘获特性)变化趋势。结果表明,在近岸波浪条件下(5~8s),垂直挡板型式集成装置适用于较小周期波浪(5~6s),而三角挡板型式集成装置适用于较大周期波浪(6~7.5s)。随着水深增大,波能俘获比总体上呈现缓慢增长的趋势。在主浮体吃水相同的情况下(排水量不同),两种结构的透射系数基本一致;而在排水量相同(主浮体吃水不同)的情况下,垂直挡板结构型式的防波效果更好,三角挡板结构型式波能俘获性能要优于垂直挡板结构型式。

高校劳动教育课创新实例——沈阳药科大学“葡萄园管理劳动教育课”

根据教育部2020年发布的文件精神,劳动教育须被纳入高等院校本科生的人才培养方案。沈阳药科大学依托学校特有的葡萄园资源开展劳动教育课程,使相关专业学生在接受劳动教育的同时,掌握并巩固专业技能。该课程借助现代信息技术手段,在内容安排、任务分配、考核方式及调动劳动积极性等方面均实现了一定程度的创新,可为各高校劳动教育课程的开展提供参考和借鉴。

基于综合赋权法的港口物流竞争力评价

针对港口物流竞争力评价体系中多指标评价问题,研究采用主观评价与客观赋权相结合的综合赋权方法。根据层次分析法和信息论中的熵理论计算各指标的权重,运用综合赋权方法得到融合评价者主观偏好及数据客观属性的综合权值,建立多指标综合赋权评价模型。将建立的评价模型应用于我国沿海部分港口物流竞争力的评价中,并与仅采用层次分析法和信息熵的评价结果对比分析,结果表明基于综合赋权法的评价模型在港口物流竞争力的评价中是合理和有效的。

Modelling Wave Transmission and Overtopping Based on Energy Balance Equation

Wave transmission and overtopping around nearshore breakwaters can have significant influence on the transmitted wave parameters,which affects wave conditions and sediment transportation and becomes the focus of design in engineering.The objective of this paper is to present a simplified model to estimate these important wave parameters.This paper describes the incorporation of wave transmission and overtopping module into a wave model for multi-directional random wave transformation based on energy balance equation with the consideration of wave shoaling,refraction,diffraction,reflection and breaking.Wen's frequency spectrum and non-linear dispersion relation are also included in this model.The influence of wave parameters of transmitted waves through a smooth submerged breakwater has been considered in this model with an improved description of the transmitted wave spectrum of van der Meer et al.(2000) by Carevic et al.(2013).This improved wave model has been validated through available laboratory experiments.Then the verified model is applied to investigate the effect of wave transmission and overtopping on wave heights behind low-crested breakwaters in a project for nearshore area.Numerical calculations are carried out with and without consideration of the wave transmission and overtopping,and comparison of them indicates that there is a considerable difference in wave height and thus it is important to include wave transmission and overtopping in modelling nearshore wave field with the presence of low-crested breakwaters.Therefore,this model can provide a general estimate of the desired wave field parameters,which is adequate for engineers at the preliminary design stage of low-crested breakwaters.

孤立波与升沉水平板相互作用数值模拟研究

合理的刚度和潜深设计可以使升沉水平板获得优异的消浪性能。基于考虑流体黏性的二维不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,以高阶紧致插值CIP(constrained interpolation profile)方法求解方程对流项,采用VOF(volume of fluid)方法重构自由液面,构建二维数值波浪水槽。采用试验数据验证模型后,研究孤立波与升沉水平板相互作用,分析相对刚度K*、相对潜深d/h、相对波高H/h对于升沉板的消浪性能和运动响应的影响,揭示升沉板对孤立波的消浪机理。研究表明:在孤立波通过时,升沉板会经历一个先上升后下降的运动,随后非线性自由振动,板下方水体近似均匀流动,且水流的垂向流动与板的垂荡方向一致;升沉板主要通过不对称涡旋脱落、浅水变形、波浪反射与辐射波转化等方式消耗孤立波能量;一定条件下,采用最优相对刚度K*=4.0和最优相对潜深d/h=0.52可以取得良好的消浪效果,此时透射系数最小,同时升沉板的运动响应在合理的范围内。

集成波能转换功能的方箱—挡浪板式浮式防波堤水动力特性研究

浮式防波堤与振荡浮子式波浪能转换装置集成是一种较为合理的波浪能开发利用方式,基于方箱式浮式防波堤—波浪能转换集成系统和幕帘式防波堤的研究成果,提出了一种新型方箱—垂直挡浪板式浮式防波堤—波浪能转换集成系统,建立数学模型对该集成系统的水动力特性和能量输出特性进行研究。模型基于N-S方程,采用紧致插值曲线(CIP)方法结合浸没边界法(IBM)求解。运用数值模型探究在一定波浪条件下,动力输出系统(PTO)阻尼力的大小以及挡浪板对集成系统的水动力特性和能量转换特性的影响,得到如下结论:集成系统的俘获宽度比随PTO阻尼力的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在阻尼力FPTO=150 N时达到最大;相对于方箱型集成系统,增设0.1 m挡浪板后可使其最大俘获宽度比ηe提高33%左右;此外,集成系统的俘获宽度比随挡浪板长度增加而增大,增长趋势逐渐变缓,在挡浪板长度Sp=0.5 m时达到最大,此时俘获宽度比ηe=0.5631。

Numerical Simulation of Multi-Directional Random Wave Transformation in a Yacht Port

This paper extends a prediction model for multi-directional random wave transformation based on an energy balance equation by Mase with the consideration of wave shoaling, refraction, diffraction, reflection and breaking. This numerical model is improved by 1) introducing Wen's frequency spectrum and Mitsuyasu's directional function, which are more suitable to the coastal area of China; 2) considering energy dissipation caused by bottom friction, which ensures more accurate results for large-scale and shallow water areas; 3) taking into account a non-linear dispersion relation. Predictions using the extended wave model are carried out to study the feasibility of constructing the Ai Hua yacht port in Qingdao, China, with a comparison between two port layouts in design. Wave fields inside the port for different incident wave directions, water levels and return periods are simulated, and then two kinds of parameters are calculated to evaluate the wave conditions for the two layouts. Analyses show that Layout I is better than Layout II. Calculation results also show that the harbor will be calm for different wave directions under the design water level. On the contrary, the wave conditions do not wholly meet the requirements of a yacht port for ship berthing under the extreme water level. For safety consideration, the elevation of the breakwater might need to be properly increased to prevent wave overtopping under such water level. The extended numerical simulation model may provide an effective approach to computing wave heights in a harbor.

“翻转课堂”在食品科学与工程专业本科学生教学模式改革中的探索

目的随着新课程理念的改革以及信息技术的进步,当今的教学尝试更新教学理念,翻转课堂在这样的社会环境下应运而生。从培养和提高学生的学习主动性和创新能力的角度,探讨食品科学与工程专业本科生的教学模式改革。方法通过归纳与总结理论和实践教学的各个环节的方法来阐明如何提高对食品科学与工程专业本科生的自主学习和创新能力的培养。结果与结论通过提高学生的自主学习、团队协作、文献综述和创新能力,培养学生善于提出问题和解决问题的能力,树立正确的学习方法和思路,使学生的参与模式和思维模式得到极大的解放。