Twenty castrated male goats, each of Yun-Ling Black goats （YLB goat）, N × YLB hybrid goats （Nubian ♂ ×Yun-Ling Black goats 9） and B × YLB hybrid goats （Boer ♂× Yun-Ling Black goats ♀）, wer...Twenty castrated male goats, each of Yun-Ling Black goats （YLB goat）, N × YLB hybrid goats （Nubian ♂ ×Yun-Ling Black goats 9） and B × YLB hybrid goats （Boer ♂× Yun-Ling Black goats ♀）, were used to evaluate the effect of crossbreeding on the meat chemical composition in the YLB goats of China. After weaning of 90 days, all the experimental goats were reared on natural pasture when they were slaughtered at an age of 730 days. The longissimus dorsi （LD） and biceps femoris （BF） muscles were sampled from each carcass to determine chemical compositions. Both hybrid goats had higher protein content （P 〈 0.01） and lower fat content （P 〈 0.05） than the YLB goats in the two types of muscle. The inosinic acid contents of LD muscle for the YLB goats and the B × YLB hybrid goats were significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） than that for the N × YLB hybrid goats. The LD muscle from the YLB goats contained higher essential amino acid （P 〈 0.01）, total amino acid （P 〈 0.01）, and some individual amino acid （P 〈 0.05） than those from the hybrid goats. The concentration of unsaturated fatty acid （USFA） of LD muscle from the N × YLB hybrid goats was significantly higher than the other two goat breeds （P〈0.05） but did not differ between the other two goat breeds （P〉0.05）. The YLB goats had significantly higher （P〈0.05） concentrations of oleic acid （C18：1） and linolenic acid （C18：3） of LD muscle than the hybrid goats, had significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） proportion of mono-unsaturated （Sum for C 16：1 and C 18：1） than the B ×YLB hybrid goats, and tended to be higher than the N × YLB hybrid goats （P 〉 0.05）. In contrast, the proportion of poly-unsaturated in the YLB goats was significantly lower （P 〈 0.05） than that in the hybrid goats.展开更多
Porcine skeletal muscle genes play a major role in determining muscle growth and meat quality. Construction of a full-length cDNA library is an effective way to understand the expression of functional genes in muscle ...Porcine skeletal muscle genes play a major role in determining muscle growth and meat quality. Construction of a full-length cDNA library is an effective way to understand the expression of functional genes in muscle tissues. In addition, novel genes for further research could be identified in the library. In this study, we constructed a full-length cDNA library from porcine muscle tissue. The estimated average size of the cDNA inserts was 1 076 bp, and the cDNA fullness ratio was 86.2%. A total of 1 058 unique sequences with 342 contigs （32.3%） and 716 singleton （67.7%） expressed sequence tags （EST） were obtained by clustering and assembling. Meanwhile, 826 （78.1%） ESTs were categorized as known genes, and 232 （21.9%） ESTs were categorized as unknown genes. 65 novel porcine genes that exhibit no identity in the TIGR gene index of Sus scrofa and 124 full-length sequences with unknown functions were deposited in the dbEST division of GenBank （accession numbers： EU650784-EU650788, GE843306, GH228978-GH229100）. The abundantly expressed genes in porcine muscle tissue were related to muscle fiber development, energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Gene ontology analysis showed that sequences expressed in porcine muscle tissue contained a high percentage of binding activity, catalytic activity, structural molecule activity and motor activity, which involved mainly in metabolic, cellular and developmental process, distributed mainly in intracellular region. The sequence data generated in this study would provide valuable information for identifying porcine genes expressed in muscle tissue and help to advance the study on the structure and function of genes in pigs.展开更多
单细胞染色质转座酶可及性的高通量测序(single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing,scATAC-seq)是利用转座酶研究单细胞染色质开放性的高通量测序技术,对于研究全基因组的表观遗传调控...单细胞染色质转座酶可及性的高通量测序(single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing,scATAC-seq)是利用转座酶研究单细胞染色质开放性的高通量测序技术,对于研究全基因组的表观遗传调控具有重要的意义。可从多个维度揭示有关染色质“组装”的重要信息,从而映射出细胞中的转录因子调控蛋白的结合区域和核小体定位等信息。目前,scATAC-seq技术已在生物和医学领域得到广泛应用,主要用于开放染色质图谱的绘制、细胞分化和发育、疾病致病机制以及肿瘤微环境的研究。本文阐述了scATAC-seq技术研究单细胞染色质开放区域的发展概况、数据分析和相关应用,期望对单细胞全基因组水平的染色质开放区域研究、顺式调控元件鉴定以及遗传调控网络的解析等提供借鉴,以期为今后更好的在生命科学研究中起到推动作用。展开更多
An immense amount of information has now accrued about the factors that influence the increment of heat and the efficiency with which the energy of food is used by different animal species. Heat increment is one of th...An immense amount of information has now accrued about the factors that influence the increment of heat and the efficiency with which the energy of food is used by different animal species. Heat increment is one of the major factors that decrease the efficiency of energy utilization. In growing animals, the free energy content of the basal ATP requirement is typically about one-third of dietary basal heat production （thermogenesis）. Thermogenesis is an evolutionary and biologically significant mechanism for adaptive, homeostatic heat production in animals, including shivering thermogenesis （ST）, nonshivering thermogenesis （NST）, diet-induced thermogenesis （DIT）, febrile response （fever）, and so on. The main focus of this review is on the effect of DIT on energy metabolism.展开更多
基金funded by grants from Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2003BA766C)Yunnan Provincial Government,China (2004NG04)supported by the found for Talented Man Training in Yunnan Province,China (2008PY043)and the research found for scholar coming back from aboard of China Scholarship Council of Ministry of Education of China
文摘Twenty castrated male goats, each of Yun-Ling Black goats （YLB goat）, N × YLB hybrid goats （Nubian ♂ ×Yun-Ling Black goats 9） and B × YLB hybrid goats （Boer ♂× Yun-Ling Black goats ♀）, were used to evaluate the effect of crossbreeding on the meat chemical composition in the YLB goats of China. After weaning of 90 days, all the experimental goats were reared on natural pasture when they were slaughtered at an age of 730 days. The longissimus dorsi （LD） and biceps femoris （BF） muscles were sampled from each carcass to determine chemical compositions. Both hybrid goats had higher protein content （P 〈 0.01） and lower fat content （P 〈 0.05） than the YLB goats in the two types of muscle. The inosinic acid contents of LD muscle for the YLB goats and the B × YLB hybrid goats were significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） than that for the N × YLB hybrid goats. The LD muscle from the YLB goats contained higher essential amino acid （P 〈 0.01）, total amino acid （P 〈 0.01）, and some individual amino acid （P 〈 0.05） than those from the hybrid goats. The concentration of unsaturated fatty acid （USFA） of LD muscle from the N × YLB hybrid goats was significantly higher than the other two goat breeds （P〈0.05） but did not differ between the other two goat breeds （P〉0.05）. The YLB goats had significantly higher （P〈0.05） concentrations of oleic acid （C18：1） and linolenic acid （C18：3） of LD muscle than the hybrid goats, had significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） proportion of mono-unsaturated （Sum for C 16：1 and C 18：1） than the B ×YLB hybrid goats, and tended to be higher than the N × YLB hybrid goats （P 〉 0.05）. In contrast, the proportion of poly-unsaturated in the YLB goats was significantly lower （P 〈 0.05） than that in the hybrid goats.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2007CB116201)
文摘Porcine skeletal muscle genes play a major role in determining muscle growth and meat quality. Construction of a full-length cDNA library is an effective way to understand the expression of functional genes in muscle tissues. In addition, novel genes for further research could be identified in the library. In this study, we constructed a full-length cDNA library from porcine muscle tissue. The estimated average size of the cDNA inserts was 1 076 bp, and the cDNA fullness ratio was 86.2%. A total of 1 058 unique sequences with 342 contigs （32.3%） and 716 singleton （67.7%） expressed sequence tags （EST） were obtained by clustering and assembling. Meanwhile, 826 （78.1%） ESTs were categorized as known genes, and 232 （21.9%） ESTs were categorized as unknown genes. 65 novel porcine genes that exhibit no identity in the TIGR gene index of Sus scrofa and 124 full-length sequences with unknown functions were deposited in the dbEST division of GenBank （accession numbers： EU650784-EU650788, GE843306, GH228978-GH229100）. The abundantly expressed genes in porcine muscle tissue were related to muscle fiber development, energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Gene ontology analysis showed that sequences expressed in porcine muscle tissue contained a high percentage of binding activity, catalytic activity, structural molecule activity and motor activity, which involved mainly in metabolic, cellular and developmental process, distributed mainly in intracellular region. The sequence data generated in this study would provide valuable information for identifying porcine genes expressed in muscle tissue and help to advance the study on the structure and function of genes in pigs.
文摘单细胞染色质转座酶可及性的高通量测序(single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing,scATAC-seq)是利用转座酶研究单细胞染色质开放性的高通量测序技术,对于研究全基因组的表观遗传调控具有重要的意义。可从多个维度揭示有关染色质“组装”的重要信息,从而映射出细胞中的转录因子调控蛋白的结合区域和核小体定位等信息。目前,scATAC-seq技术已在生物和医学领域得到广泛应用,主要用于开放染色质图谱的绘制、细胞分化和发育、疾病致病机制以及肿瘤微环境的研究。本文阐述了scATAC-seq技术研究单细胞染色质开放区域的发展概况、数据分析和相关应用,期望对单细胞全基因组水平的染色质开放区域研究、顺式调控元件鉴定以及遗传调控网络的解析等提供借鉴,以期为今后更好的在生命科学研究中起到推动作用。
基金the projects of the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province (2003C0048M,2006C0033Q)the 973 Prophase Project of China (2007CB116201-3)
文摘An immense amount of information has now accrued about the factors that influence the increment of heat and the efficiency with which the energy of food is used by different animal species. Heat increment is one of the major factors that decrease the efficiency of energy utilization. In growing animals, the free energy content of the basal ATP requirement is typically about one-third of dietary basal heat production （thermogenesis）. Thermogenesis is an evolutionary and biologically significant mechanism for adaptive, homeostatic heat production in animals, including shivering thermogenesis （ST）, nonshivering thermogenesis （NST）, diet-induced thermogenesis （DIT）, febrile response （fever）, and so on. The main focus of this review is on the effect of DIT on energy metabolism.
