This study selected the Sino-US route data from the top 30 global container liner companies between December 1,2019,and December 29,2019,as the data source utilizing the complex network research methodology.It constru...This study selected the Sino-US route data from the top 30 global container liner companies between December 1,2019,and December 29,2019,as the data source utilizing the complex network research methodology.It constructs a Sino-US container shipping network through voyage weighting and analyzes the essential structural characteristics to explore the network’s complex structural fea-tures.The network’s evolution is examined from three perspectives,namely,time,space,and event influence,aiming to comprehens-ively explore the network’s evolution mechanism.The results revealed that:1)the weighted Sino-US container shipping network exhib-its small-world and scale-free properties.Key hub ports in the United States include NEW YORK NY,SAVANNAH GA,LOS ANGELES CA,and OAKLAND CA,whereas SHANGHAI serving as the hub port in China.The geographical distribution of these hub ports is uneven.2)Concerning the evolution of the weighted Sino-US container shipping network,from a temporal perspective,the evolution of the regional structure of the entire Sino-US region and the Inland United States is in a stage of radiative expansion and de-velopment,with a need for further enhancement in competitiveness and development speed.The evolution of the regional structure of southern China and Europe is transitioning from the stage of radiative expansion and development to an advanced equilibrium stage.The shipping development in Northern China,the Western and Eastern United States,and Asia is undergoing significant changes but faces challenges of fierce competition and imbalances.From a spatial perspective,the rationality and effectiveness of the improved weighted Barrat-Barthelemy-Vespignani(BBV)model are confirmed through theoretical derivation.The applicability of the improved evolution model is verified by simulating the evolution of the weighted Sino-US container shipping network.From an event impact per-spective,the Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has not fundamentally affected the spatial pattern of the weighted Sino-US container shipping network but has significantly impacted the network’s connectivity.The network lacks sufficient resilience and stability in emergency situations.3)Based on the analysis of the structural characteristics and evolution of the weighted Sino-US con-tainer shipping network,recommendations for network development are proposed from three aspects:emphasizing the development of hub ports,focusing on the balanced development of the network,and optimizing the layout of Chinese ports.展开更多
本研究对翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)及其杂交子一代鲌鲂F1(C.alburnus♀×M.amblycephala♂)、子二代鲌鲂F2(self-crossing of C.alburnus♀×M.amblycephala♂)背部肌肉的营养成分进行了比较...本研究对翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)及其杂交子一代鲌鲂F1(C.alburnus♀×M.amblycephala♂)、子二代鲌鲂F2(self-crossing of C.alburnus♀×M.amblycephala♂)背部肌肉的营养成分进行了比较分析,并对其营养品质进行了评价与对比。结果显示:鲌鲂F1和F2肌肉的水分含量均显著低于父本团头鲂(P<0.05),粗蛋白含量则显著高于团头鲂(P<0.05),鲌鲂F1的粗脂肪含量显著高于鲌鲂F2和团头鲂(P<0.05)。4种鱼均检测出18种氨基酸,其中,鲌鲂F2的氨基酸总量(TAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)、呈味氨基酸(DAA)、ΣEAA/ΣTAA、ΣEAA/ΣNEAA、氨基酸评分(AAS)、化学评分(CS)及必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)等均不同程度高于亲本及鲌鲂F1。4种鱼均检测出20种以上的脂肪酸,其中,鲌鲂F1的ΣPUFA和ΣEPA+DHA含量高于双亲,并显著高于鲌鲂F2(P<0.05),ΣSFA∶ΣMUFA∶ΣPUFA比值为1∶1.88∶1.02,较双亲及鲌鲂F2更接近人体合理膳食的理想模式。综合分析,相较于双亲,鲌鲂F1具有高脂、高蛋白、高EPA+DHA和均衡的脂肪酸组成等营养价值特点,鲌鲂F2则具有低脂、高蛋白、均衡的氨基酸组成以及最优的食用品质。因此,鲌鲂F1和F2具有不同的营养品质特点,可满足消费者的不同需求,均具有良好开发利用前景。展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41201473,41371975)。
文摘This study selected the Sino-US route data from the top 30 global container liner companies between December 1,2019,and December 29,2019,as the data source utilizing the complex network research methodology.It constructs a Sino-US container shipping network through voyage weighting and analyzes the essential structural characteristics to explore the network’s complex structural fea-tures.The network’s evolution is examined from three perspectives,namely,time,space,and event influence,aiming to comprehens-ively explore the network’s evolution mechanism.The results revealed that:1)the weighted Sino-US container shipping network exhib-its small-world and scale-free properties.Key hub ports in the United States include NEW YORK NY,SAVANNAH GA,LOS ANGELES CA,and OAKLAND CA,whereas SHANGHAI serving as the hub port in China.The geographical distribution of these hub ports is uneven.2)Concerning the evolution of the weighted Sino-US container shipping network,from a temporal perspective,the evolution of the regional structure of the entire Sino-US region and the Inland United States is in a stage of radiative expansion and de-velopment,with a need for further enhancement in competitiveness and development speed.The evolution of the regional structure of southern China and Europe is transitioning from the stage of radiative expansion and development to an advanced equilibrium stage.The shipping development in Northern China,the Western and Eastern United States,and Asia is undergoing significant changes but faces challenges of fierce competition and imbalances.From a spatial perspective,the rationality and effectiveness of the improved weighted Barrat-Barthelemy-Vespignani(BBV)model are confirmed through theoretical derivation.The applicability of the improved evolution model is verified by simulating the evolution of the weighted Sino-US container shipping network.From an event impact per-spective,the Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has not fundamentally affected the spatial pattern of the weighted Sino-US container shipping network but has significantly impacted the network’s connectivity.The network lacks sufficient resilience and stability in emergency situations.3)Based on the analysis of the structural characteristics and evolution of the weighted Sino-US con-tainer shipping network,recommendations for network development are proposed from three aspects:emphasizing the development of hub ports,focusing on the balanced development of the network,and optimizing the layout of Chinese ports.
文摘本研究对翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)及其杂交子一代鲌鲂F1(C.alburnus♀×M.amblycephala♂)、子二代鲌鲂F2(self-crossing of C.alburnus♀×M.amblycephala♂)背部肌肉的营养成分进行了比较分析,并对其营养品质进行了评价与对比。结果显示:鲌鲂F1和F2肌肉的水分含量均显著低于父本团头鲂(P<0.05),粗蛋白含量则显著高于团头鲂(P<0.05),鲌鲂F1的粗脂肪含量显著高于鲌鲂F2和团头鲂(P<0.05)。4种鱼均检测出18种氨基酸,其中,鲌鲂F2的氨基酸总量(TAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)、呈味氨基酸(DAA)、ΣEAA/ΣTAA、ΣEAA/ΣNEAA、氨基酸评分(AAS)、化学评分(CS)及必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)等均不同程度高于亲本及鲌鲂F1。4种鱼均检测出20种以上的脂肪酸,其中,鲌鲂F1的ΣPUFA和ΣEPA+DHA含量高于双亲,并显著高于鲌鲂F2(P<0.05),ΣSFA∶ΣMUFA∶ΣPUFA比值为1∶1.88∶1.02,较双亲及鲌鲂F2更接近人体合理膳食的理想模式。综合分析,相较于双亲,鲌鲂F1具有高脂、高蛋白、高EPA+DHA和均衡的脂肪酸组成等营养价值特点,鲌鲂F2则具有低脂、高蛋白、均衡的氨基酸组成以及最优的食用品质。因此,鲌鲂F1和F2具有不同的营养品质特点,可满足消费者的不同需求,均具有良好开发利用前景。
