海洋悬浮物浓度的长期演变特征及机制

受气候变化和人类活动的影响,21世纪以来全球海洋的悬浮物浓度发生了显著变化。悬浮物浓度的剧烈变化不可避免地对海洋生态环境、地貌演化和生物地球化学循环产生重大影响。随着气候变化对人类活动的环境影响研究的深入,以及卫星遥感数据的不断积累,悬浮物浓度的长期变化趋势及其机制已成为地球科学研究的热点。本文概括性地总结了海洋悬浮物浓度长期变化的国内外研究进展,指出了中国近海相关研究的不足之处,并对未来发展方向作出了展望。

胶州湾国家海洋公园沿岸地区土地利用预测研究

元胞自动机-马尔科夫耦合模型(CA-Markov模型)作为土地利用变化(LUCC)的一种研究手段,具有马尔科夫模型精确地模拟LUCC未来变化情况,同时还具有元胞自动机模型模拟复杂系统空间变化的能力。本研究运用CA-Markov模型,以分区预测为原则,对胶州湾国家海洋公园沿岸地区过去十年的土地利用构成及变化进行分析,同时对研究区未来三十年的土地利用变化进行中期预测和长期预测。结果表明:胶州湾国家海洋公园沿岸地区建设用地面积在过去十年增大,而在未来三十年将不断减小;模型的预测精度将随预测时长的增加而下降,需要根据其他因素对模拟结果进行一定程度的修正;未来土地利用方式的转变将为国家级海洋公园的生态保护和海洋生态文明建设起到积极推动作用。

基于神经网络的风暴潮增水对海岸带城市排水的影响分析--以青岛市为例

本文以青岛市为研究区域,以0509台风风暴潮增水水位数据为基础,基于BP(Back propagation)神经网络,考虑地形地势特性中易涝因子,并结合水文分析提取入海排水口的空间分布,对青岛市沿海岸排水受风暴潮影响的区域进行预测,并进一步结合青岛市沿海岸,系统探讨气候变化背景下风暴潮增水对青岛市沿海岸排水的影响。结果表明:除风暴潮增水直接侵袭至陆地内侧区域,青岛大江口湾岸段、浮山湾岸段、汇泉湾岸段、青岛湾岸段、胶州湾东南侧岸段海泊河沿岸等区域在各类情景下排水受风暴潮增水影响较大。

一种基于气候适应性的城市风暴潮淹没风险空间评估体系构建研究——以青岛市为例

青岛市是中国北方典型海岸带城市代表,常年受到风暴潮灾害影响。本文以青岛风暴潮淹没风险为例,以适应策略制定为出口,构建一种基于适应的城市气候风险空间评估体系,该体系将风暴潮淹没从风险辩识、风险整合到风险分区有机关联到一起,有效评估基于中长期尺度的海岸带城市风暴潮淹没风险。通过研究发现,在未来各种情景下,淹没风险较高的区域分别为大沽河、洋河、墨水河及其沿岸,对于上述区域在未来中长期时间尺度内,在考虑城市发展的同时也要关注并适应未来气候变化背景下风暴潮淹没带来的风险。从某种程度上基于适应的风险空间综合评估体系,可以将未来不同情景下的风暴潮淹没风险与未来城市发展规划、国家宏观适应方针等有机结合,有效评估基于中长期尺度的海岸带城市风暴潮淹没风险,并为实现从气候风险评估到适应策略制定的转变奠定一定的基础和技术支撑。

益心康泰胶囊联合美托洛尔治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效观察

目的:研究益心康泰胶囊联合美托洛尔对冠心病心绞痛患者的临床疗效。方法:选取2018年7月至2021年6月芜湖市第一人民医院收治的冠心病心绞痛患者70例作为研究对象,按照简单随机化(抛硬币法)分为对照组和观察组,每组35例。2组均给予常规药物治疗,对照组给予美托洛尔治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予益心康泰胶囊。比较2组患者治疗效果,不良反应发生情况,血流动力学指标、血管内皮功能指标血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)、血清炎症介质白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平和临床观察指标心绞痛发作频率及持续时间。结果:治疗后,观察组患者治疗总有效率为97.14%明显高于对照组的82.86%(P<0.05);2组患者心绞痛发作次数、持续时间,血管内皮功能指标,血流动力学指标,血清炎症介质水平均明显改善,且观察组各项指标优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为8.57%,显著低于对照组的28.57%(P<0.05)。结论:益心康泰胶囊联合美托洛尔对冠心病心绞痛患者疗效优越,可有效改善血管内皮功能指标及血流动力学,缓解临床症状,且安全性良好。

土地利用类型对滨海城市复合淹没的影响——以象山县为例

本文使用一种二维风暴潮漫滩\一维地下管网的耦合模型系统,根据下垫面土地利用类型调整底摩擦,模拟滨海城市象山县多种情景下的复合淹没过程。相较于将模型下垫面底摩擦系数设置为与海底相同,例如1×10^(-3)左右量级,沿海城市真实土地利用类型的底摩擦效应更强。通过设置包括堤坝、排水系统、风暴潮、降雨与底摩擦调整等5个因素的多组敏感性实验,详细探讨了不同淹没情景下随土地利用类型变化的底摩擦带来的影响。结果表明,底摩擦调整后风暴潮淹没程度显著降低,但同时会加剧城区降雨导致的淹没。最终导致风暴潮与降雨的联合作用减弱,令复合淹没趋向于风暴潮与降雨单一因素所致淹没的线性叠加,故对复合淹没进行分区后水文区占比增加,潮汐区占比减少。研究结果可指导滨海城市针对不同区域制定对应的防洪策略,降低淹没风险。

郑州某地铁车站明挖深基坑支护结构稳定性分析

针对郑州地区工程地质条件,为了研究在富水地层中地铁车站深基坑明挖施工中支护结构的稳定性,以郑州市轨道七号线东赵站深基坑开挖项目为工程背景,采用ABAQUS三维有限元分析软件模拟基坑开挖过程,通过现场监测和数值模拟相结合的分析方法,研究基坑开挖过程中地连墙墙顶水平、竖向位移、地连墙墙体变形以及支撑轴力的变化规律,得出了一些有益的结论。

The Suspended Sediment Concentration Distribution in the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea and East China Sea

The distribution of the suspended sediment concentration （SSC） in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea （BYECS） is studied based on the observed turbidity data and model simulation results. The observed turbidity results show that （i） the highest SSC is found in the coastal areas while in the outer shelf sea areas turbid water is much more difficult to observe, （ii） the surface layer SSC is much lower than the bottom layer SSC and （iii） the winter SSC is higher than the summer SSC. The Regional Ocean Modeling System （ROMS） is used to simulate the SSC distribution in the BYECS. A comparison between the modeled SSC and the observed SSC in the BYECS shows that the modeled SSC can reproduce the principal features of tlte SSC distribution in the BYECS. The dynamic mechanisms of the sediment erosion and transport processes are studied based on the modeled results. The horizontal distribution of the SSC in the BYECS is mainly determined by the current-wave induced bottom stress and the fine-grain sediment distribution. The current-induced bottom stress is much higher than the wave-induced bottom stress, which means the tidal currents play a more significant role in the sediment resuspension than the wind waves. The vertical mixing strength is studied based on the mixed layer depth and the turbulent kinetic energy distribution in the BYECS. The strong winter time vertical mixing, which is mainly caused by the strong wind stress and surface cooling, leads to high surface layer SSC in winter. High surface layer SSC in summer is restricted in the coastal areas.

Seasonal Variations of Several Main Water Masses in the Southern Yellow Sea and East China Sea in 2011

The seasonal variations of several main water masses in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) and East China Sea (ECS) in 2011 were analyzed using the in-situ data collected on four cruises.There was something special in the observations for the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) ,the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM) and the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) during that year.The YSWC was confirmed to be a seasonal current and its source was closely associated with the Kuroshio onshore intrusion and the northerly wind.It was also found that the YSCWM in the summer of 2011 occupied a more extensive area in comparison with the climatologically-mean case due to the abnormally powerful wind prevailing in the winter of 2010 and decaying gradually thereafter.Resulting from the reduced Changjiang River discharge,the CDW spreading toward the Cheju Island in the summer of 2011 was weaker than the long-term mean and was confined to flow southward in the other seasons.The other water masses seemed normal without noticeable anomalies in 2011.The Yellow Sea Coastal Current (YSCC) water,driven by the northerly wind,flowed southeastward as a whole except for its northeastward surface layer in summer.The Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) was the strongest in summer and the weakest in winter in its northward movement.The Kuroshio water with an enhanced onshore intrusion in autumn was stable in hydrographic features apart from the seasonal variation of its surface layer.

脂肪间充质干细胞的生物学特性及潜在临床应用

脂肪间充质干细胞(adipose-derived stem cells,ADSCs)是来源于脂肪组织的多能干细胞。具有自我更新和多向分化能力,且可塑性强、免疫原性低、可旁分泌多种生物活性因子,同时致畸致瘤风险也比较低,在适宜诱导条件下可以分化为成骨细胞、脂肪细胞、软骨细胞等。ADSCs已经广泛用于骨及软骨组织的修复,皮肤损伤的修复、糖尿病和免疫调节等疾病治疗。本文就ADSCs的生物学特性及临床应用进展作一综述。

Long-term variation of storm surge-associated waves in the Bohai Sea

When investigating the long-term variation of wave characteristics as associated with storm surges in the Bohai Sea,the Simulating Waves Nearshore(SWAN)model and Advanced CIRCulation(ADCIRC)model were coupled to simulate 32 storm surges between 1985 and 2014.This simulation was validated by reproducing three actual wave processes,showing that the simulated significant wave height(SWH)and mean wave period agreed well with the actual measurements.In addition,the long-term variations in SWH,pattems in SWH extremes along the Bohai Sea coast,the 100-year retum period SWH extreme distribution,and waves conditional probability distribution were calculated and analyzed.We find that the trend of SWH extremes in most of the coastal stations was negative,among which the largest trend was-0.03 m/a in the western part of Liaodong Bay.From the 100-year return period of the SWH distribution calculated in the Gumbel method,we find that the SWH extremes associated with storm surges decreased gradually from the center of the Bohai Sea to the coast.In addition,the joint probability of wave and surge for the entire Bohai Sea in 100-year return period was determined by the Gumbel logistic method.We therefore,assuming a minimum surge of one meter across the entire Bohai Sea,obtained the spatial SWH distribution.The conclusions of this study are significant for offshore and coastal engineering design.

Numerieal Prediction of Storm Surge in the Qingdao Area Under the Impact of Climate Change

A typhoon-induced storm surge simulation system was developed for the Qingdao area, including a typhoon diagnostic model for the generation of wind and pressure fields and a 2D Advanced Circulation(ADCIRC) model for simulating the associated storm surge with a 200 m resolution along the Qingdao coastline. The system was validated by an extreme surge event Typhoon Mamie(8509) and the parameters of Typhoon Mamie were used to investigate the sensitivity of typhoon paths to Qingdao storm surges with four selected paths: the paths of Typhoons Mamie(8509), Opal, 3921 and 2413, the selection being made according to their relative position to Qingdao. Experiments based on the Typhoon Mamie(8509) storm surge were also conducted to study the possible influences of future climate changes, including the sea level rise and sea surface temperature(SST) rise, on storm surges along the Qingdao coast. Storm surge conditions under both present day and future(the end of the 21 st century) climate scenarios associated with the four selected paths were simulated. The results show that with the same intensity, when typhoons follow the paths of 3921 and 2413, they would lead to the most serious disasters in different areas of Qingdao. Sea level and SST affect storm surges in different ways: sea level rise affects storm surge mainly through its influence on the tide amplitude, while the increased SST has direct impact on the intensity of the surges. The possible maximum risk of storm surges in 2100 in the Qingdao area caused by typhoons like Mamie(8509) was also estimated in this study.

Autumn living coccolithophores in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea

An investigation was carried out on living coccolithophores （LCs） distribution in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea from October 17 to November 24, 2011. A total of 223 samples from different depths were col-lected at 48 stations. Totally 18 taxa belonging to coccolithophyceae were identified using a polarized micro-scope at the 1 000× magnification. The maximum species abundance was found at the outside of Transect P. The dominated species wereGephyrocapsa oceanica, Emiliania huxleyi,Helicosphaera carteri,andAlgiros-phaera robusta.The abundance of coccoliths and cells ranged 0-2 965.73 coccoliths/mL, and 0-119.16 cells/mL, with the average values of 471.00 coccoliths/mL and 23.42 cells/mL, respectively. The LCs in surface layer were mainly observed on the coastal belt and middle part of the survey area. The comparison among Transects A, F, P and E indicated lower species diversity and less abundance in the Yellow Sea than those of the East China Sea. The highest abundance of LCs was found in transect F and P. The coccolith abundance increased slightly from surface to bottom in the water column, but the highest value of the cell abundance was observed in the depth of 10-30 m. Temperature, depth and nutrient concentration were suggested as the major environmental factors controlling the distribution and species composition of LCs in the studying area based on canonical correspondence analysis （CCA）.

3D Modal Solution for Tidally Induced Lagrangian Residual Velocity with Variations in Eddy Viscosity and Bathymetry in a Narrow Model Bay

In this study, we examine the results obtained by the Finite-volume Coastal Ocean Circulation Model(FVCOM) regarding the effects of eddy viscosity and bathymetry on the three-dimensional(3 D) Lagrangian residual velocity(LRV) in a narrow bay. The results are cast in terms of two nondimensional numbers: the ratio of friction to local acceleration(δ) and the ratio of the minimum depth over shoals to the maximum depth in the channel(ε). The ratio δ depends on the eddy viscosity and mean depth. For a given eddy viscosity, when ε > 0.5, the along-estuary LRV tends to be vertically sheared and when ε < 0.5, the exchange is laterally sheared. When ε << 1, the structure of the 3 D, depth-integrated, and breadth-averaged LRV changes only slightly as δ increases. For ε values between 0.33 and 0.5, the structure of the 3 D LRV is mainly laterally sheared. In the same ε range, the 3 D and depth-integrated LRV exhibit reversed structures from high to low δ values. In addition, the breadth-averaged LRV weakens the typical twolayered circulation when δ decreases. When ε is 1, the two-layered vertical structure reverses direction, and a three-layered vertical structure develops in the outer bay as δ decreases.

Estimation of Design Sea Ice Thickness with Maximum Entropy Distribution by Particle Swarm Optimization Method

The maximum entropy distribution, which consists of various recognized theoretical distributions, is a better curve to estimate the design thickness of sea ice. Method of moment and empirical curve fitting method are common-used parameter estimation methods for maximum entropy distribution. In this study, we propose to use the particle swarm optimization method as a new parameter estimation method for the maximum entropy distribution, which has the advantage to avoid deviation introduced by simplifications made in other methods. We conducted a case study to fit the hindcasted thickness of the sea ice in the Liaodong Bay of Bohai Sea using these three parameter-estimation methods for the maximum entropy distribution. All methods implemented in this study pass the K-S tests at 0.05 significant level. In terms of the average sum of deviation squares, the empirical curve fitting method provides the best fit for the original data, while the method of moment provides the worst. Among all three methods, the particle swarm optimization method predicts the largest thickness of the sea ice for a same return period. As a result, we recommend using the particle swarm optimization method for the maximum entropy distribution for offshore structures mainly influenced by the sea ice in winter, but using the empirical curve fitting method to reduce the cost in the design of temporary and economic buildings.

经阴道CO2激光联合盆底肌康复训练对轻中度压力性尿失禁女性患者生活质量的影响

目的:探讨经阴道CO2激光联合盆底肌康复训练对轻中度压力性尿失禁(SUI)女性患者生活质量的影响。方法:选取2018年12月-2019年12月本院收治的76例轻中度SUI女性患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组38例。对照组进行盆底肌康复训练,观察组在对照组基础上进行经阴道CO2激光治疗。比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后1 h尿垫试验漏尿量、国际尿失禁委员会尿失禁问卷简表评分(ICI-Q-SF)、盆底肌纤维肌力及尿失禁生活质量问卷(I-QOL)。结果:观察组治疗总有效率为94.74%,高于对照组的78.95%(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组1 h尿垫试验漏尿量少于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组尿失禁ICI-Q-SF评分低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组Ⅰ类与Ⅱ类肌纤维肌力均高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组行为限制、心理影响、社会障碍评分及I-QOL总分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:经阴道CO2激光治疗结合盆底肌康复训练能够有效改善SUI患者漏尿症状,增强盆底肌力,提升患者生活质量,具有良好临床疗效。

不同膀胱冲洗液温度对前列腺电切术临床疗效的影响研究

目的探究不同膀胱冲洗液温度对前列腺电切术临床疗效的影响。方法选择我院收治良性前列腺增生并行前列腺电切术治疗的患者作研究对象,病例数200例,开展时间:2020年1月-2021年12月,按照膀胱冲洗液温度差异进行分组,对照组(100例)采用室温膀胱冲洗液,观察组(100例)采用等温膀胱冲洗液,比较膀胱痉挛持续时间、膀胱冲洗液转清时间;术后并发症发生率;生活质量。结果两组患者膀胱痉挛持续时间、膀胱冲洗液转清时间比较,观察组均明显短于对照组,差异显著有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组与对照组发生术后并发症的概率分别是3.00%和10.00%,观察组更低,差异显著有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与使用膀胱冲洗液冲洗膀胱前比较,两组患者生活质量SF-36评分均提升,且观察组显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在对良性前列腺增生患者进行前列腺电切术治疗时,使用等温膀胱冲洗液对患者造成的影响较小,可提高临床疗效,应该推广使用。

Analytical Solution for 3D Tidal Flow with Vertically Varying Eddy Viscosity

In this study, a 3D idealized model of tidal flow, in which the tidal elevation and velocities are solved analytically, is developed. The horizontal eddy viscosity is neglected, and the vertical eddy viscosity used in the study is assumed to be independent of time and only varies as a parabolic function in the vertical direction. The analytical solution is obtained in a narrow rectangular bay, with the topography varying only across the bay. The model results are compared with the field observations in the Xiangshan Bay. The results show that the influence of varying vertical eddy viscosity mainly has two aspects. On one hand, it amplifies the magni- tude of the tidal elevation, particularly the amplitude near the head of the bay. On the other hand, it adjusts the axial velocity profile, resulting in an obvious frictional effect. Furthermore, the tidal elevation and velocities are more sensitive to the magnitude of the eddy viscosity near the bottom than the structure in the upper water layer.

Particle Size Distributions and Organic-Inorganic Compositions of Suspended Particulate Matters Around the Bohai Strait

Laser in situ scattering and transmissometry(LISST) significantly improves our ability to assess particle size distribu-tion(PSD) in seawater, while wide-ranging measurements of the organic-inorganic compositions of suspended particulate matters(SPM) are still difficult by using traditional methods such as microscopy. In this study, PSD properties and SPM compositions around the Bohai Strait(China) were investigated based on the measurements by LISST in combination with hydro-biological parameters collected from a field survey in summer 2014. Four typical PSD shapes were found in the region, namely right-peak, left-peak, dou-ble-peak and negative-skew shapes. The double-peak and negative-skew shapes may interconvert into each other along with strong hydrodynamic variation. In the upper layer of the Bohai Sea, organic particles were in the majority, with inorganic particles rarely observed. In the bottom layer, SPM were the mixture of organic and inorganic matters. LISST provided valuable baseline information on size-resolved organic-inorganic compositions of SPM: the size of organic particles mainly ranged from 4 to 20 μm and 40 to 100 μm, while most SPM ranging from 20 to 40 μm were composed of inorganic sediment.

Improved Numerical Computing Method for the 3D Tidally Induced Lagrangian Residual Current and Its Application in a Model Bay with a Longitudinal Topography

An improved method for computing the three-dimensional(3 D)first-order Lagrangian residual velocity(uL)is estab-lished.The method computes tidal body force using the harmonic constants of the zeroth-order tidal current.Compared with using the tidal-averaging method to compute the tidal body force,the proposed method filters out the clutter other than the single-frequency tidal input from the open boundary and obtains uL that is more consistent with the analytic solution.Based on the new method,uL is calculated for a wide bay with a longitudinal topography.The strength and pattern of uL are mostly determined by the parts of the tidal body force related to the vertical mixing of the Stokes’drift and the Coriolis effect,with a minor contribution from the advection effect.The geometrical shape of the bay can influence uL through the topographic gradient.The magnitude of uL increases with the increases in tidal energy input and vertical eddy viscosity and decreases in terms of the bottom friction coefficient.