An Efficient Boron Source Activation Strategy for the Low‑Temperature Synthesis of Boron Nitride Nanotubes

Lowering the synthesis temperature of boron nitride nanotubes(BNNTs)is crucial for their development.The primary reason for adopting a high temperature is to enable the effective activation of highmelting-point solid boron.In this study,we developed a novel approach for efficiently activating boron by introducing alkali metal compounds into the conventional MgO–B system.This approach can be adopted to form various low-melting-point AM–Mg–B–O growth systems.These growth systems have improved catalytic capability and reactivity even under low-temperature conditions,facilitating the synthesis of BNNTs at temperatures as low as 850℃.In addition,molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory theoretically demonstrate that the systems maintain a liquid state at low temperatures and interact with N atoms to form BN chains.These findings offer novel insights into the design of boron activation and are expected to facilitate research on the low-temperature synthesis of BNNTs.

Digital Construction of Rural Landscape Based on DEM:A Case Study of Xiangyu Village of West Beijing

[Objective]The paper uses Geographic Information System(ArcGIS)as a platform to discuss the study of DEM data on the digital construction of rural landscape databases and the coupling relationship in geographic space of rural landscape.The aim is to further expand the coverage of China's land space digitization and provide practical theoretical basis and development possibility of quantitative planning for village level administrative zoning research.[Method]In this paper,Xiangyu Village,Junzhuang Town,Mentougou,West Beijing,is selected as the research object,and the document space database of the study area is constructed by building digital elevation model(DEM),ArcGIS stacked map weighting and visual interpretation methods.Moreover,its elevation equivalence,slope direction,and water flow direction are visually analyzed.[Result]The mountainous terrain and hydrological characteristics of Xiangyu Village are roughly consistent with the village layout;the living environment of Xiangyu Village is consistent with the terrain and texture,and it belongs to the rural landscape system of mountains,valleys and small watersheds.[Conclusion]The results obtained through data visualization analysis are basically consistent with the traditional village planning pattern of Xiangyu Village;the rural landscape based on village level administrative divisions is still in the traditional planning stage,and there is great development space for village level geographic spatial survey.Therefore,it is necessary for relevant practitioners to make more contributions to fill the full coverage of China's land space digitization.

一锅法光热催化升级转化聚乳酸制备氢气和丙酮酸

聚乳酸(PLA)是一种生物可降解高分子材料,近年来已广泛用作常规塑料的替代品.然而,其在自然环境中生物降解往往需要较长时间,这不仅延长了降解周期,还导致了碳资源的浪费.光热催化技术不仅可以利用清洁的太阳能资源原位产生活性氧化还原物种,同时通过引入热源改善纯光或纯热催化效率低和产物选择性差等难题,有望在塑料催化升级转化过程中发挥作用.本文通过原位光沉积方法分别在二氧化钛(TiO_(2))、氮化碳纳米片(A-V-PCN)和硫化镉(CdS)半导体载体上制备了一系列铂基光热催化剂,铂纳米粒子的平均粒径约2 nm.对铂基光热催化剂的光热催化乳酸水溶液的析氢反应进行了综合评价和比较.结果表明,铂基光热催化剂的光热催化制氢性能远优于纯光催化和纯热催化.其中,CdS半导体负载的铂基催化剂(Pt/CdS)对聚乳酸光热催化转化表现出最优的催化活性,在150°C时,Pt/CdS催化产氢速率分别是Pt/TiO_(2)和Pt/A-V-PCN的1.2倍和4.8倍.变温光电流密度响应、莫特-肖特基以及荧光光谱测试结果表明,提高温度可以有效地抑制光生载流子的复合,从而大幅度提高光热催化转化效率.对不同光热催化剂的液相产物和能带结构进行分析发现,具有合适带隙的CdS半导体能够高选择性地催化生成丙酮酸.相比之下,TiO_(2)和A-V-PCN半导体上由于形成羟基自由基,导致丙酮酸被进一步氧化分解为乙醛和少量的甲酸.原位电子自旋共振表征和理论计算结果进一步揭示,CdS有助于关键中间体(碳中心自由基)的形成和连续脱氢,从而促进了Pt/CdS高选择性制备丙酮酸,并有效抑制过氧化产物的累积.将Pt/CdS催化剂应用于实际聚乳酸塑料时,其光热催化反应的制氢速率为200±17.5 mmol·gcat^(-1)·gplastic^(-1),丙酮酸在液体产物中的选择性为98.1%,产率达到100±11.5 mmol·gcat^(-1)·gplastic^(-1).循环稳定性实验和反应前后的催化剂表征结果表明,Pt/CdS催化剂在光热反应条件下具有较好的稳定性.综上,本工作实现了一锅法光热催化转化聚乳酸为氢气和高附加值含氧化合物丙酮酸,发展了一种高效高选择性转化塑料废弃物为高附加值化学品的光热催化策略,为废塑料碳资源的绿色循环利用提供了解决思路.

甜瓜HDM基因家族鉴定及特性分析

组蛋白去甲基化酶(histone demethylase,HDM)是生物生长过程中的重要调节因子之一,在植物的生长发育和环境适应过程中发挥着重要的调控作用。本研究通过生物信息学方法对甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.) HDM基因家族进行了鉴定,并通过转录组数据检测了其成员在甜瓜组织的表达特性。结果显示,在甜瓜基因组中鉴定得到了20个CmHDM基因,在各条染色体上非均匀分布;其成员可以分成LSD1和JmjC两大类,而JmjC类群又可划分为5个亚群,各类群成员数量不等;种内和种间的共线性关系显示,甜瓜HDM基因仅存在一对片段重复,与番茄(Solanum lycopersicum) HDM基因共线性区域较多,亲缘关系较近;各成员所含保守结构域数量不等,且外显子和内含子在数量上有所差异;在启动子区域存在多种与激素和环境信号响应的顺式作用元件,表达特性分析显示各基因成员在甜瓜雄花、雌花、根、茎、叶、子房和成熟果实中均存在不同程度的表达。这些结果将有助于更好地理解HDM基因的潜在功能以及它们在参与调节甜瓜生长发育和环境自适中可能发挥的作用。

Effect of intraoperative injection of esketamine on postoperative analgesia and postoperative rehabilitation after cesarean section

BACKGROUND Following cesarean section,a significant number of women encounter moderate to severe pain.Inadequate management of acute pain post-cesarean section can have far-reaching implications,adversely impacting maternal emotional wellbeing,daily activities,breastfeeding,and neonatal care.It may also impede maternal organ function recovery,leading to escalated opioid usage,heightened risk of postpartum depression,and the development of chronic postoperative pain.Both the Chinese Enhanced Recovery After Surgery(ERAS)guidelines and the American ERAS Society guidelines consistently advocate for the adoption of multimodal analgesia protocols in post-cesarean section pain management.Esketamine,functioning as an antagonist of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor,has been validated for pain management in surgical patients and has exhibited effectiveness in depression treatment.Research has suggested that incorporating esketamine into postoperative pain management via pain pumps can lead to improvements in short-term depression and pain outcomes.This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of administering a single dose of esketamine during cesarean section.AIM To investigate the effect of intraoperative injection of esketamine on postoperative analgesia and postoperative rehabilitation after cesarean section.METHODS A total of 315 women undergoing elective cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were randomized into three groups:low-dose esketamine(0.15 mg/kg),high-dose esketamine(0.25 mg/kg),and control(saline).Postoperative Visual Analog Scale(VAS)scores were recorded at 6 hours,12 hours,24 hours,and 48 hours.Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS)scores were noted on 2 days,7 days and 42 days.Ramsay sedation scores were assessed at specified intervals post-injection.Postoperative adverse reactions were also recorded.RESULTS Low-dose group and high-dose group compared to control group,had significantly lower postoperative VAS pain scores at 6 hours 12 hours,and 24 hours(P<0.05),with reduced analgesic usage(P<0.05).EPDS scores and postpartum depression rates were significantly lower on 2 days and 7 days(P<0.05).No significant differences in first exhaust and defecation times were observed(P>0.05),but ambulation times were shorter(P<0.05).Ramsay scores were higher at 5 minutes,15 minutes,and upon room exit(P<0.05).Low-dose group and high-dose group had higher incidences of hallucination,lethargy,and diplopia within 2 hours(P<0.05),and with low-dose group had lower incidences of hallucination,lethargy,and diplopia than high-dose group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Esketamine enhances analgesia and postpartum recovery;a 0.15 mg/kg dose is optimal for cesarean sections,balancing efficacy with minimized adverse effects.

Chemico-biological conversion of carbon dioxide

The unabated carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission into the atmosphere has exacerbated global climate change,resulting in extreme weather events,biodiversity loss,and an intensified greenhouse effect.To address these challenges and work toward carbon(C)neutrality and reduced CO_(2)emissions,the capture and utilization of CO_(2)have become imperative in both scientific research and industry.One cutting-edge approach to achieving efficient catalytic performance involves integrating green bioconversion and chemical conversion.This innovative strategy offers several advantages,including environmental friendliness,high efficiency,and multi-selectivity.This study provides a comprehensive review of existing technical routes for carbon sequestration(CS)and introduces two novel CS pathways:the electrochemicalbiological hybrid and artificial photosynthesis systems.It also thoroughly examines the synthesis of valuable Cnproducts from the two CS systems employing different catalysts and biocatalysts.As both systems heavily rely on electron transfer,direct and mediated electron transfer has been discussed and summarized in detail.Additionally,this study explores the conditions suitable for different catalysts and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of biocatalysts.We also explored the biocompatibility of the electrode materials and developed novel materials.These materials were specifically engineered to combine with enzymes or microbial cells to solve the biocompatibility problem,while improving the electron transfer efficiency of both.Furthermore,this review summarizes the relevant systems developed in recent years for manufacturing different products,along with their respective production efficiencies,providing a solid database for development in this direction.The novel chemical-biological combination proposed herein holds great promise for the future conversion of CO_(2)into advanced organic compounds.Additionally,it offers exciting prospects for utilizing CO_(2)in synthesizing a wide range of industrial products.Ultimately,the present study provides a unique perspective for achieving the vital goals of“peak shaving”and C-neutrality,contributing significantly to our collective efforts to combat climate change and its associated challenges.

Au NPs/Cu-TCPP材料的构筑及其催化薄荷醇氧化的研究

二维纳米片具有大的比表面积和高孔隙率的特征,这使得其可以承载更多的活性中心,从而提高该材料的催化性能。如Cu-TCPP纳米片,拥有大的比表面积,可用于负载Pd NPs、Pt NPs以及Au NPs,以获得X NPs/Cu-TCPP纳米片(X=Pd NPs、Pt NPs和Au NPs)。本研究首先通过水热法,以三水合硝酸铜(Cu(NO_(3))_(2)·3H_(2)O)为金属盐,4-羧基卟啉(TCPP)为有机配体,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和CH_(3)CH_(2)OH(体积比3∶1)的混合溶液作为溶剂,合成Cu-TCPP纳米片。随后,采用还原法将Au NPs负载到Cu-TCPP纳米片上,形成Au NPs/Cu-TCPP纳米片,用于催化薄荷醇进行选择性氧化反应。在反应中,以叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)为氧化剂,乙腈(Me CN)为溶剂,氨基酸咪唑离子液体([C_(4)mim]Cys)为助催化剂,Au NPs/Cu-TCPP催化薄荷醇进行选择性氧化,生成薄荷酮。在50℃下反应18 h,薄荷醇的转化率和薄荷酮的选择性和产率都达到最高,分别为70.2%,99.9%和69.5%,该方法不仅将薄荷醇转化为高选择性的薄荷酮,而且操作简便,绿色环保,符合当前绿色化工发展的要求。

Planning of a Single Flow Channel in Valve Blocks Based on Additive Manufacturing and the Ant Colony Algorithm

As electro-hydrostatic actuator(EHA)technology advances towards lightweight and integration,the demand for enhanced internal flow pathways in hydraulic valve blocks intensifies.However,owing to the constraints imposed by traditional manufacturing processes,conventional hydraulic integrated valve blocks fail to satisfy the demands of a more compact channel layout and lower energy dissipation.Notably,the subjectivity in the arrangement of internal passages results in a time-consuming and labor-intensive process.This study employed additive manufacturing technology and the ant colony algorithm and B-spline curves for the meticulous design of internal passages within an aviation EHA valve block.The layout environment for the valve block passages was established,and path optimization was achieved using the ant colony algorithm,complemented by smoothing using B-spline curves.Three-dimensional modeling was performed using SolidWorks software,revealing a 10.03%reduction in volume for the optimized passages compared with the original passages.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations were performed using Fluent software,demonstrating that the algorithmically optimized passages effectively prevented the occurrence of vortices at right-angled locations,exhibited superior flow characteristics,and concurrently reduced pressure losses by 34.09%-36.36%.The small discrepancy between the experimental and simulation results validated the efficacy of the ant colony algorithm and B-spline curves in optimizing the passage design,offering a viable solution for channel design in additive manufacturing.

Expression analysis of the R2R3-MYB gene family in upland cotton and functional study of GhMYB3D5 in regulating Verticillium wilt resistance

Improving plant resistance to Verticillium wilt(VW),which causes massive losses in Gossypium hirsutum,is a global challenge.Crop plants need to efficiently allocate their limited energy resources to maintain a balance between growth and defense.However,few transcriptional regulators specifically respond to Verticillium dahliae and the underlying mechanism has not been identified in cotton.In this study,we found that the that expression of most R2R3-MYB members in cotton is significantly changed by V.dahliae infection relative to the other MYB types.One novel R2R3-MYB transcription factor(TF)that specifically responds to V.dahliae,GhMYB3D5,was identified.GhMYB3D5 was not expressed in 15 cotton tissues under normal conditions,but it was dramatically induced by V.dahliae stress.We functionally characterized its positive role and underlying mechanism in VW resistance.Upon V.dahliae infection,the up-regulated GhMYB3D5 bound to the GhADH1 promoter and activated GhADH1expression.In addition,GhMYB3D5 physically interacted with GhADH1 and further enhanced the transcriptional activation of GhADH1.Consequently,the transcriptional regulatory module GhMYB3D5-GhADH1 then promoted lignin accumulation by improving the transcriptional levels of genes related to lignin biosynthesis(GhPAL,GhC4H,Gh4CL,and GhPOD/GhLAC)in cotton,thereby enhancing cotton VW resistance.Our results demonstrated that the GhMYB3D5 promotes defense-induced lignin accumulation,which can be regarded as an effective way to orchestrate plant immunity and growth.

Development of Direct Reduced Iron in China:Challenges and Pathways

The steel industry is considered an important basic sector of the national economy,and its high energy consumption and carbon emissions make it a major contributor to climate change,especially in China.The majority of crude steel in China is produced via the energy-and carbon-intensive blast furnace–basic oxygen furnace(BF–BOF)route,which greatly relies on coking coal.In recent years,China’s steel sector has made significant progress in energy conservation and emission reduction,driven by decarbonization policies and regulations.However,due to the huge output of crude steel,the steel sector still produces 15%of the total national CO_(2) emissions.The direct reduced iron(DRI)plus scrap–electric arc furnace(EAF)process is currently considered a good alternative to the conventional route as a means of reducing CO_(2) emissions and the steel industry’s reliance on iron ore and coking coal,since the gas-based DRI plus scrap–EAF route is expected to be more promising than the coal-based one.Unfortunately,almost no DRI is produced in China,seriously restricting the development of the EAF route.Here,we highlight the challenges and pathways of the future development of DRI,with a focus on China.In the short term,replacing natural gas with coke oven gas(COG)and byproduct gas from the integrated refining and chemical sector is a more economically feasible and cleaner way to develop a gas-based route in China.As the energy revolution proceeds,using fossil fuels in combination with carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)and hydrogen will be a good alternative due to the relatively low cost.In the long term,DRI is expected to be produced using 100%hydrogen from renewable energy.Both the development of deep processing technologies and the invention of a novel binder are required to prepare high-quality pellets for direct reduction(DR),and further research on the one-step gas-based process is necessary.

THE SUPERCLOSENESS OF THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR A SINGULARLY PERTURBED CONVECTION-DIFFUSION PROBLEM ON A BAKHVALOV-TYPE MESH IN 2D

For singularly perturbed convection-diffusion problems,supercloseness analysis of the finite element method is still open on Bakhvalov-type meshes,especially in the case of 2D.The difficulties arise from the width of the mesh in the layer adjacent to the transition point,resulting in a suboptimal estimate for convergence.Existing analysis techniques cannot handle these difficulties well.To fill this gap,here a novel interpolation is designed delicately for the smooth part of the solution,bringing about the optimal supercloseness result of almost order 2 under an energy norm for the finite element method.Our theoretical result is uniform in the singular perturbation parameterεand is supported by the numerical experiments.

Synergistic effect of orientation and temperature on slip behavior and precipitation behavior of Al−Cu−Li single crystals

The slip behavior and precipitation behavior of four Al−Cu−Li single crystals with varying orientations at different temperatures were investigated using electron backscattering diffraction(EBSD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The maximum differences in yield strength and ductility of the single crystals at room temperature are 41.6%and 14.7%,respectively.This indicates that the mechanical properties are strongly influenced by the crystal orientation.Moreover,grains with varying orientations exhibit distinct slip characteristics,including slip homogenization,slip localization,and multiple slip.In single crystal SC1,slip localization primarily contributes to its inferior ductility compared to other grains.Nevertheless,during deformation at 250℃,the distinct morphology and distribution of precipitates in the crystals are also correlated with orientation,which causes the increase in the maximum elongation difference to 20.8%in all selected single crystals.Notably,SC1,with a precipitate volume fraction of 2.65%,exhibits more severe slip localization compared to room temperature conditions,while SC2,with a precipitate volume fraction of 4.79%,demonstrates cross-slip characteristics,significantly enhancing the plastic deformation capacity of the Al−Cu−Li alloy.

数字化的碳排放效应:文献述评与研究展望

当前,以数字技术创新与应用为特征的数字化日益成为降低碳排放和推进经济社会发展全面绿色转型的重要手段与工具。但是,数字化是否必然促进碳减排尚无共识,相关研究仍处于探索阶段,缺乏理论阐述,实证结果不一。为厘清数字化与碳排放的复杂关系,探究数字化的碳排放效应,本文对国内外相关研究进行系统梳理和评述。首先,基于理论溯源与演进,对数字化与碳排放关系的理论阐释进行系统归纳,总结提出了三层次、三阶段、四阶段、系统嵌套等多维理论分析框架,为相关研究奠定了学理基础;其次,归纳总结了数字化影响碳排放的四种机理,为探究数字化与碳排放的关系提供了分析思路;再次,梳理和综述了当前关于数字化碳排放效应的实证进展;最后,在前述基础上提出了未来研究的方向。

Bifunctional passivation by lewis-base molecules for efficient printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells

Printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells(PM-PSCs)possess notable merits in terms of cost-effectiveness,easy manufacturing,and large scale applications.Nevertheless,the absence of a hole transport layer contributes to the exacerbation of carrier recombination,and the defects between the perovskite and electron transport layer(ETL)interfaces significantly decrease the efficiency of the devices.In this study,a bifunctional surface passivation approach is proposed by applying a thioacetamide(TAA)surfactant on the mesoporous TiO_(2)interface.The results demonstrate that TAA molecules could interact with TiO_(2),thereby diminishing the oxygen vacancy defects.Additionally,the amino group and sulfur atoms in TAA molecules act as Lewis base to effectively passivate the uncoordinated Pb^(2+)in perovskite and improve the morphology of perovskite,and decrease the trap-state density of perovskite.The TAA passivation mechanism improves the alignment of energy levels between TiO_(2)and perovskite,facilitating electron transport and reducing carrier recombination.Consequently,the TAA-passivated device achieved a champion power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 17.86%with a high fill factor(FF)of 79.16%and an open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))of 0.971 V.This investigation presents a feasible strategy for interfacial passivation of the ETL to further improve the efficiency of PM-PSCs.

Surface repair of wide-bandgap perovskites for high-performance all-perovskite tandem solar cells

Wide-bandgap(WBG)perovskite solar cells(PSCs)play a fundamental role in perovskite-based tandem solar cells.However,the efficiency of WBG PSCs is limited by significant open-circuit voltage losses,which are primarily caused by surface defects.In this study,we present a novel method for modifying surfaces using the multifunctional S-ethylisothiourea hydrobromide(SEBr),which can passivate both Pb^(-1)and FA^(-1)terminated surfaces,Moreover,the SEBr upshifted the Fermi level at the perovskite interface,thereby promoting carrier collection.This proposed method was effective for both 1.67 and 1.77 eV WBG PSCs,achieving power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of 22.47%and 19.90%,respectively,with V_(OC)values of 1.28 and 1.33 V,along with improved film and device stability.With this advancement,we were able to fabricate monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells with a champion PCE of 27.10%,This research offers valuable insights for passivating the surface trap states of WBG perovskite through rational multifunctional molecular engineering.

The glutamate receptor gene GLR3.3:A bridge of calciummediated root development in poplar

Poplar is one of the fastest-growing temperate trees in the world and is widely used in ornamental horticulture for shade.The root is essential for tree growth and development and its utilization potential is huge.Calcium(Ca),as a signaling molecule,is involved in the regulation of plant root development.However,the detailed underlying regulatory mechanism is elusive.In this study,we analyzed the morphological and transcriptomic variations of 84K poplar(Populus alba×P.glandulosa)in response to different calcium concentrations and found that low Ca^(2+)(1 mmol·L^(-1))promoted lateral root development,while deficiency(0.1 mmol·L^(-1)Ca^(2+))inhibited lateral root development.Co-expression analysis showed that Ca^(2+)channel glutamate receptors(GLRs)were present in various modules with significance for root development.Two GLR paralogous genes,PagGLR3.3a and Pag GLR3.3b,were mainly expressed in roots and up-regulated under Ca^(2+)deficiency.The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated signal gene(crispr-PagGLR3.3a,PagGLR3.3b)and double gene(crispr-PagGLR3.3ab)mutants presented more and longer lateral roots.Anatomical analysis showed that crispr-PagGLR3.3ab plants had more xylem cells and promoted the development of secondary vascular tissues.Further transcriptomic analysis suggested that knockout of PagGLR3.3a and PagGLR3.3b led to the up-regulation of several genes related to protein phosphorylation,auxin efflux,lignin and hemicellulose biosynthesis as well as transcriptional regulation,which might contribute to lateral root growth.This study not only provides novel insight into how the Ca^(2+)channels mediated root growth and development in trees,but also provides a directive breeding of new poplar species for biofuel and bioenergy production.

Lobe-dominatedγ-Ray Emission of Compact Symmetric Objects

Theγ-ray emitting compact symmetric objects(CSOs)PKS 1718-649,NGC 3894,and TXS 0128+554 are lobedominated in the radio emission.In order to investigate theirγ-ray radiation properties,we analyze the~14yr Fermi/LAT observation data of the three CSOs.They all show the low luminosity(1041-1043 erg s-1)and no significant variability in theγ-ray band.Theirγ-ray average spectra can be well fitted by a power-law function.These properties ofγ-rays are clearly different from theγ-ray emitting CSOs CTD 135 and PKS 1413+135,for which theγ-rays are produced by a restarted aligned jet.In the L_(γ)-Γ_(γ)plane,the three CSOs are also located at the region occupied by radio galaxies(RGs)while CTD 135 and PKS 1413+135 display a similar feature to blazars.Together with a similar radio emission property toγ-ray emitting RGs Cen A and Fornax A,we speculate that theγ-rays of the three CSOs stem from their extended mini-lobes.The broadband spectral energy distributions of the three CSOs can be well explained by the two-zone leptonic model,where theirγ-rays are produced by the inverse Compton process of the relativistic electrons in extended regions.By extrapolating the observed Fermi/LAT spectra to the very high energy band,we find that TXS 0128+554 among the three CSOs may be detected by the Cherenkov Telescope Array in the future.

基于蜡酯型乳化剂的液晶结构乳状液的制备研究及应用性能表征

研究了制备工艺和配方组成(油脂、多元醇、流变调节剂和离子性成分)对蜡酯型乳化剂液晶结构形成的影响,并对其液晶结构乳状液进行了相关的应用性能测试。实验结果表明,一罐法制备乳液更有利于该乳化剂配方体系液晶结构的形成。该乳化剂与植物油脂相溶性较好,乳化能力较佳,对于植物来源酯类油脂,遵循油水界面张力越小,乳化效果越佳,越有利于液晶结构形成的规律;甘油的添加能使体系保持最初优异的液晶结构及其稳定性,但1,3-丁二醇会由于其氢键与水形成的水合基团扰乱界面膜分子排列,从而使体系的液晶结构完整性及稳定性有所降低;离子性成分的添加可通过增加乳化剂紧密排列来明显增强体系的液晶结构;天然流变调节剂的加入,如AX和Tara,可以增强体系液晶结构的高温稳定性,而卡波类可增强其低温稳定性。同时,通过对液晶结构乳状液应用性能的研究发现,使用蜡酯型乳化剂制备得到的液晶结构乳状液保湿性能明显优于普通结构乳状液,且具有一定的缓释作用。

奥洛他定联合自体血清治疗蒿属花粉过敏性结膜炎

目的:观察奥洛他定滴眼液联合自体血清治疗蒿属花粉过敏性结膜炎的临床疗效。方法:选取我院2016-06/2018-06蒿属过敏原检测结果为阳性的过敏性结膜炎患者305例610眼,随机分为对照组和观察组。对照组患者采用奥洛他定滴眼液治疗,观察组患者在对照组的基础上加用自体血清,均持续治疗2wk。比较两组患者治疗前后症状与体征总得分、临床疗效,观察患者治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗前,两组患者症状与体征总得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后2wk,观察组患者症状与体征总得分低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组患者临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论:奥洛他定滴眼液联合自体血清治疗蒿属花粉过敏性结膜炎的临床疗效确切,可有效改善患者的临床症状和体征,且安全性较高。

PVP对老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折患者的治疗效果及对骨密度、骨钙素的影响

目的探究经皮穿刺椎体成形术(PVP)对老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折患者的治疗效果及对骨密度、骨钙素的影响。方法选择2017年3月~2018年4月在浙江省丽水市人民医院接受治疗的老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折患者82例,按随机数字表法分为观察组43例和对照组39例。对照组进行保守治疗,观察组进行PVP治疗,比较两组临床疗效、椎体压缩率、Cobb角、骨密度、骨钙素水平以及日常活动能力评分。结果观察组总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组椎体压缩率、Cobb角治疗1周后明显低于治疗前,且低于对照组(P<0.05);对照组椎体压缩率明显低于治疗前(P<0.05),而Cobb角与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者骨密度、骨钙素水平均明显高于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组的骨密度、骨钙素水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的日常活动能力评分明显低于治疗前和对照组(P<0.05)。结论PVP对老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折患者具有较好的临床疗效,能显著改善患者的椎体愈合情况,提高骨密度、骨钙素以及日常活动能力。