Due to their robust learning and expression ability for complex features,the deep learning(DL)model plays a vital role in bearing fault diagnosis.However,since there are fewer labeled samples in fault diagnosis,the de...Due to their robust learning and expression ability for complex features,the deep learning(DL)model plays a vital role in bearing fault diagnosis.However,since there are fewer labeled samples in fault diagnosis,the depth of DL models in fault diagnosis is generally shallower than that of DL models in other fields,which limits the diagnostic performance.To solve this problem,a novel transfer residual Swin Transformer(RST)is proposed for rolling bearings in this paper.RST has 24 residual self-attention layers,which use the hierarchical design and the shifted window-based residual self-attention.Combined with transfer learning techniques,the transfer RST model uses pre-trained parameters from ImageNet.A new end-to-end method for fault diagnosis based on deep transfer RST is proposed.Firstly,wavelet transform transforms the vibration signal into a wavelet time-frequency diagram.The signal’s time-frequency domain representation can be represented simultaneously.Secondly,the wavelet time-frequency diagram is the input of the RST model to obtain the fault type.Finally,our method is verified on public and self-built datasets.Experimental results show the superior performance of our method by comparing it with a shallow neural network.展开更多
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of joint disease, is characterized clinically by joint pain, stiffness,and deformity. OA is now considered a whole joint disease;however, the breakdown of the articular cartil...Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of joint disease, is characterized clinically by joint pain, stiffness,and deformity. OA is now considered a whole joint disease;however, the breakdown of the articular cartilage remains themajor hallmark of the disease. Current treatments targeting OA symptoms have a limited impact on impeding orreversing the OA progression. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying OA development isa critical barrier to progress in OA therapy. Recent studies by the current authors’ group and others have revealedthat the nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (NFAT1), a member of the NFAT family of transcription factors, regulatesthe expression of many anabolic and catabolic genes in articular chondrocytes of adult mice. Mice lacking NFAT1exhibit normal skeletal development but display OA in both appendicular and spinal facet joints as adults. Thisreview mainly focuses on the recent advances in the regulatory role of NFAT1 transcription factor in the activities ofarticular chondrocytes and its implication in the pathogenesis of OA.展开更多
Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is becoming a growing public health concern due to increasing disease and economic burdens.Epidemiological information about SLE,especially its incidence rate,is limited in developing ...Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is becoming a growing public health concern due to increasing disease and economic burdens.Epidemiological information about SLE,especially its incidence rate,is limited in developing countries.In the current study,we sought to investigate the incidence,prevalence,and economic burdens of SLE in urban China.We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using databases from Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance and Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance between 2013 and 2017,covering approximately 300 million residents in 23 provincial regions in China.Incidence rate and prevalence were standardized by age and gender to China's 2010 national census data.Additionally,we calculated the average annual costs and hospital visit rates.A total of132,258 SLE patients were identified during the study period,with a mean age of 43.03 years(standard deviation:15.29 years).Of these patients,81.33%were women.In 2017,the standardized incidence rate of SLE in China was 14.09(95%confidence interval(CI),11.95–16.41)per 100,000 person-years,with a higher incidence in women than in men(26.41 vs.5.92 per 100,000 person-years).Standardized prevalence in 2017 was 47.61(41.77–53.83),94.16(80.67–108.69),and 17.86(13.84–22.38)per 100,000 people in the overall,female,and male populations,respectively.The average annual rates of increase in prevalence were 21.50%,19.72%,and 25.67%from 2013 to 2017 in the overall,female,and male populations,respectively.The age-specific incidence rates peaked at 30–49 years old in women and 40–59 years old in men.SLE incident and prevalent cases were most common in North-West China and less common in southern and eastern China.Distinct variations in incidence rates across different regions are also consistent with the varying levels of ultraviolet radiation exposure in China.Additionally,the average estimated annual per-capita cost was 1599.34 US dollars in SLE patients,with the highest costs observed in adolescent and young adult patients among different age groups.The SLE population in China is rapidly expanding,and younger at onset,especially in women,which has placed significant burdens on China's healthcare system.展开更多
The increasing utilization of fiber-reinforced thermoplastics(FRTPs)as a substitute for metal in load-bearing structures poses challenges related to NVH issues arising from frequency variations and reliability concern...The increasing utilization of fiber-reinforced thermoplastics(FRTPs)as a substitute for metal in load-bearing structures poses challenges related to NVH issues arising from frequency variations and reliability concerns stemming from fiber dispersion within the resin matrix.In this study,the steel automobile seat beam serves as a benchmark for comparison.FRTP beams are designed and fabricated using two distinct processes:compression molding and injection over-molding.Subsequently,their modal frequency and reliability are meticulously analyzed.Experimental investigations are conducted to explore the influence of various factors,including the combination of laminates and ribs,as well as the stacking sequence of laminates,on the modal frequency.The findings reveal that the modal frequency and vibration mode are subject to alterations based on the fiber type,beam material,and laminate stacking sequence.Notably,in comparison to the steel benchmark,the first-order frequency of the FRTP beam in this study experiences a 6.59%increase while simultaneously achieving a weight reduction of 32.42%.To assess reliability,a comprehensive analysis is performed,considering a six-fold standard deviation.This analysis yields the permissible range of fluctuation for material elastic constants,bending performance,and frequency response.Encouragingly,the FRTP beams meet the required reliability criteria.These results provide valuable insights for comprehending the stiffness-dependent response and effectively controlling structural performance when implementing FRTP for weight reduction purposes.展开更多
Incident chronic kidney disease(CKD)may be accelerated(could be indicated by repeated admissions to the hospital)by environmental triggers such as ambient particulate matter(PM).Additionally,hospital admission is a se...Incident chronic kidney disease(CKD)may be accelerated(could be indicated by repeated admissions to the hospital)by environmental triggers such as ambient particulate matter(PM).Additionally,hospital admission is a sensitive proxy reflecting the disease burden.However,the association of PM exposure with hospital admissions for CKD is still unknown,let alone the excess risks(ERs)in hospital admissions for CKD due to high PM level exposure.In this study,a two-stage time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted to investigate the association of ambient air PM exposure with hospital admission for CKD in 282 Chinese cities of prefecture-level or above during 2013–2017.City-specific associations of single and cumulative 0–3 days lagged exposure to fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and inhalable particles(PM_(10))with hospital admissions for total CKD and its subtypes were evaluated by the conditional logistic regression model,then were pooled using the random-effect model.A total of 3,490,416 hospital admissions for CKD were identified.We found that per interquartile range(IQR)increment in PM_(2.5) at lag02 and per IQR increment in PM_(10) at lag03 were associated with increases of 2.36%(95%CI:1.58%,3.14%)and 2.87%(95%CI:1.91%,3.85%)in hospital admissions for total CKD,respectively.Compared to control concentrations(PM_(2.5):35μg/m^(3);PM_(10):50μg/m^(3)),the largest ERs in hospital admissions for total CKD were 2.63%(95%CI:2.15%–3.11%)and 4.45%(95%CI:3.85%–5.06%)in association with exposure to heavily excessive PM_(2.5)(≥75μg/m^(3))and PM_(10)(≥150μg/m^(3)),respectively.Moreover,the attributable fractions(AFs)for CKD admissions were 2.83%for PM_(2.5) and 3.46%for PM_(10) during the study period.These findings suggested that exposure to PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) is associated with substantially increased risk and burden of CKD admissions.展开更多
Li metal has become a strong candidate for anode due to its high theoretical specific capacity and lowest electrochemical potential.However,the poor reversibility caused by continuous chemical and electrochemical degr...Li metal has become a strong candidate for anode due to its high theoretical specific capacity and lowest electrochemical potential.However,the poor reversibility caused by continuous chemical and electrochemical degradation hinders the practical application of Li metal.Solid-solution-based metal alloy phases have been proposed as hosts for regulating the non-dendrite electrodeposition,but the fundamental understanding remains unclear due to the drastically different deposition behaviors of Li on them.Here we found the difference in the diffusion coefficient of Li atoms on solid-solution-based metal alloy phases(Li-Mg and Li-Ag alloys)was a major contributor to the different deposition behaviors.The low Li atom diffusion coefficient of Li-Mg alloy showed a preferential Li accumulation on the upper surface rather than the inward-growth plating of Li atoms into alloy foil in Li-Ag alloy.By the process of secondary recrystallization,we improved the diffusion coefficient of Li atoms in Li-Mg alloy that facilitates the inward transfer rather than surface plating of Li atoms.In this case,the recrystallized Li-Mg alloy underwent a solidsolution phase change in the delithiation-lithiation cycles which yielded a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.3%with a reversible gravimetric capacity of 2,874 mAh·g−1 and superior cycling stability over 5,000 h without dendrite growth.展开更多
While a popular representation of 3D data,point clouds may contain noise and need filtering before use.Existing point cloud filtering methods either cannot preserve sharp features or result in uneven point distributio...While a popular representation of 3D data,point clouds may contain noise and need filtering before use.Existing point cloud filtering methods either cannot preserve sharp features or result in uneven point distributions in the filtered output.To address this problem,this paper introduces a point cloud filtering method that considers both point distribution and feature preservation during filtering.The key idea is to incorporate a repulsion term with a data term in energy minimization.The repulsion term is responsible for the point distribution,while the data term aims to approximate the noisy surfaces while preserving geometric features.This method is capable of handling models with fine-scale features and sharp features.Extensive experiments show that our method quickly yields good results with relatively uniform point distribution.展开更多
Low back pain(LBP)is a major cause of disability and imposes huge economic burdens on human society worldwide.Among many factors responsible for LBP,intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)is the most common disorder and...Low back pain(LBP)is a major cause of disability and imposes huge economic burdens on human society worldwide.Among many factors responsible for LBP,intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)is the most common disorder and is a target for intervention.The etiology of IDD is complex and its mechanism is still not completely understood.Many factors such as aging,spine deformities and diseases,spine injuries,and genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of IDD.In this review,we will focus on the recent advances in studies on the most promising and extensively examined genetic factors associated with IDD in humans.A number of genetic defects have been correlated with structural and functional changes within the intervertebral disc(IVD),which may compromise the disc’s mechanical properties and metabolic activities.These genetic and proteomic studies have begun to shed light on the molecular basis of IDD,suggesting that genetic factors are important contributors to the onset and progression of IDD.By continuing to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of IDD,specific early diagnosis and more effective treatments for this disabling disease will be possible in the future.展开更多
Background and objective Moyamoya disease(MMD)is an increasingly recognised cause of stroke,mainly described in East Asia.China is the largest nation in Asia,but few studies reported the epidemiology of MMD,especially...Background and objective Moyamoya disease(MMD)is an increasingly recognised cause of stroke,mainly described in East Asia.China is the largest nation in Asia,but few studies reported the epidemiology of MMD,especially at a national level.We aimed to estimate the incidence and prevalence of MMD in China.Methods We performed a population-based study using data from the national databases of Urban Basic Medical Insurance between 2013 and 2016,covering approximately 0.50 billion individuals.MMD cases were identified by diagnostic code(International Classification of Diseases,10th Revision I67.5)or related diagnostic text.Results A total of 1987 MMD patients(mean age 44.45±14.30 years,female-to male ratio 1.12)were identified,representing a national crude incidence of 0.59(95%CI:0.49 to 0.68)and a prevalence of 1.01(95%CI:0.81 to 1.21)per 100000 person-years in 2016.Rates were higher in females than in males for the incidence(0.66 vs 0.52)and prevalence(1.05 vs 0.90).And the age-specific rates showed a bimodal distribution,with the highest peak in middle-aged group and the second peak in child group.Conclusions Our results confirm that MMD is relatively common in East Asians,but the rates in China were lower than those in other East Asian countries such as Japan and Korea.The unique epidemiological features,including a relatively weak female predominance and a shift in the highest peak of incidence from children to adults,revealed new sight into MMD.Further research is expected to explore the potential pathogenesis of MMD.展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA)is the most common form of joint disease and the leading cause of chronic disability in middle-aged and older populations.The development of diseasemodifying therapy for OA currently faces major obst...Osteoarthritis(OA)is the most common form of joint disease and the leading cause of chronic disability in middle-aged and older populations.The development of diseasemodifying therapy for OA currently faces major obstacles largely because the regulatory mechanisms for the function of joint tissue cells remain unclear.Previous studies have found that the alterations in gene expression of specific transcription factors(TFs),pro-or antiinflammatory cytokines,matrix proteinases and extracellular matrix(ECM)proteins in articular cartilage may be involved in the development of OA.However,the regulatory mechanisms for the expression of those genes in OA chondrocytes are largely unknown.The recent advances in epigenetic studies have shed light on the importance of epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the development of OA.In this review,we summarize and discuss the recent studies on the regulatory roles of various epigenetic mechanisms in the expression of genes for specific TFs,cytokines,ECM proteins and matrix proteinases,as well the significance of these epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of OA.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program)under Grants 62073193 and 61873333in part by the National Key Research and Development Project(General Program)under Grant 2020YFE0204900in part by the Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province(General Program)under Grant 2021CXGC010204.
文摘Due to their robust learning and expression ability for complex features,the deep learning(DL)model plays a vital role in bearing fault diagnosis.However,since there are fewer labeled samples in fault diagnosis,the depth of DL models in fault diagnosis is generally shallower than that of DL models in other fields,which limits the diagnostic performance.To solve this problem,a novel transfer residual Swin Transformer(RST)is proposed for rolling bearings in this paper.RST has 24 residual self-attention layers,which use the hierarchical design and the shifted window-based residual self-attention.Combined with transfer learning techniques,the transfer RST model uses pre-trained parameters from ImageNet.A new end-to-end method for fault diagnosis based on deep transfer RST is proposed.Firstly,wavelet transform transforms the vibration signal into a wavelet time-frequency diagram.The signal’s time-frequency domain representation can be represented simultaneously.Secondly,the wavelet time-frequency diagram is the input of the RST model to obtain the fault type.Finally,our method is verified on public and self-built datasets.Experimental results show the superior performance of our method by comparing it with a shallow neural network.
基金supported by the United States National Institutes of Health(NIH)under Award Number R01 AR059088(to J.W.)the Mary A.and Paul R.Harrington Distinguished Professorship Endowment.
文摘Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of joint disease, is characterized clinically by joint pain, stiffness,and deformity. OA is now considered a whole joint disease;however, the breakdown of the articular cartilage remains themajor hallmark of the disease. Current treatments targeting OA symptoms have a limited impact on impeding orreversing the OA progression. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying OA development isa critical barrier to progress in OA therapy. Recent studies by the current authors’ group and others have revealedthat the nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (NFAT1), a member of the NFAT family of transcription factors, regulatesthe expression of many anabolic and catabolic genes in articular chondrocytes of adult mice. Mice lacking NFAT1exhibit normal skeletal development but display OA in both appendicular and spinal facet joints as adults. Thisreview mainly focuses on the recent advances in the regulatory role of NFAT1 transcription factor in the activities ofarticular chondrocytes and its implication in the pathogenesis of OA.
基金supported by the Chinese National Key Technology R&D Program,Ministry of Science&Technology(2021YFC2501300 and 2020YFC2003503)the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z201100005520022,23,25–27)+1 种基金the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2021-I2M-1-005)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-B-013,C-002,D-009)。
文摘Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is becoming a growing public health concern due to increasing disease and economic burdens.Epidemiological information about SLE,especially its incidence rate,is limited in developing countries.In the current study,we sought to investigate the incidence,prevalence,and economic burdens of SLE in urban China.We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using databases from Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance and Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance between 2013 and 2017,covering approximately 300 million residents in 23 provincial regions in China.Incidence rate and prevalence were standardized by age and gender to China's 2010 national census data.Additionally,we calculated the average annual costs and hospital visit rates.A total of132,258 SLE patients were identified during the study period,with a mean age of 43.03 years(standard deviation:15.29 years).Of these patients,81.33%were women.In 2017,the standardized incidence rate of SLE in China was 14.09(95%confidence interval(CI),11.95–16.41)per 100,000 person-years,with a higher incidence in women than in men(26.41 vs.5.92 per 100,000 person-years).Standardized prevalence in 2017 was 47.61(41.77–53.83),94.16(80.67–108.69),and 17.86(13.84–22.38)per 100,000 people in the overall,female,and male populations,respectively.The average annual rates of increase in prevalence were 21.50%,19.72%,and 25.67%from 2013 to 2017 in the overall,female,and male populations,respectively.The age-specific incidence rates peaked at 30–49 years old in women and 40–59 years old in men.SLE incident and prevalent cases were most common in North-West China and less common in southern and eastern China.Distinct variations in incidence rates across different regions are also consistent with the varying levels of ultraviolet radiation exposure in China.Additionally,the average estimated annual per-capita cost was 1599.34 US dollars in SLE patients,with the highest costs observed in adolescent and young adult patients among different age groups.The SLE population in China is rapidly expanding,and younger at onset,especially in women,which has placed significant burdens on China's healthcare system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Nos.52072019,U1664250,51575023].
文摘The increasing utilization of fiber-reinforced thermoplastics(FRTPs)as a substitute for metal in load-bearing structures poses challenges related to NVH issues arising from frequency variations and reliability concerns stemming from fiber dispersion within the resin matrix.In this study,the steel automobile seat beam serves as a benchmark for comparison.FRTP beams are designed and fabricated using two distinct processes:compression molding and injection over-molding.Subsequently,their modal frequency and reliability are meticulously analyzed.Experimental investigations are conducted to explore the influence of various factors,including the combination of laminates and ribs,as well as the stacking sequence of laminates,on the modal frequency.The findings reveal that the modal frequency and vibration mode are subject to alterations based on the fiber type,beam material,and laminate stacking sequence.Notably,in comparison to the steel benchmark,the first-order frequency of the FRTP beam in this study experiences a 6.59%increase while simultaneously achieving a weight reduction of 32.42%.To assess reliability,a comprehensive analysis is performed,considering a six-fold standard deviation.This analysis yields the permissible range of fluctuation for material elastic constants,bending performance,and frequency response.Encouragingly,the FRTP beams meet the required reliability criteria.These results provide valuable insights for comprehending the stiffness-dependent response and effectively controlling structural performance when implementing FRTP for weight reduction purposes.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number:2022YFC3702604 and 2022YFC3702704)Youth Top Talent Program of Xi’an Jiaotong University.
文摘Incident chronic kidney disease(CKD)may be accelerated(could be indicated by repeated admissions to the hospital)by environmental triggers such as ambient particulate matter(PM).Additionally,hospital admission is a sensitive proxy reflecting the disease burden.However,the association of PM exposure with hospital admissions for CKD is still unknown,let alone the excess risks(ERs)in hospital admissions for CKD due to high PM level exposure.In this study,a two-stage time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted to investigate the association of ambient air PM exposure with hospital admission for CKD in 282 Chinese cities of prefecture-level or above during 2013–2017.City-specific associations of single and cumulative 0–3 days lagged exposure to fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and inhalable particles(PM_(10))with hospital admissions for total CKD and its subtypes were evaluated by the conditional logistic regression model,then were pooled using the random-effect model.A total of 3,490,416 hospital admissions for CKD were identified.We found that per interquartile range(IQR)increment in PM_(2.5) at lag02 and per IQR increment in PM_(10) at lag03 were associated with increases of 2.36%(95%CI:1.58%,3.14%)and 2.87%(95%CI:1.91%,3.85%)in hospital admissions for total CKD,respectively.Compared to control concentrations(PM_(2.5):35μg/m^(3);PM_(10):50μg/m^(3)),the largest ERs in hospital admissions for total CKD were 2.63%(95%CI:2.15%–3.11%)and 4.45%(95%CI:3.85%–5.06%)in association with exposure to heavily excessive PM_(2.5)(≥75μg/m^(3))and PM_(10)(≥150μg/m^(3)),respectively.Moreover,the attributable fractions(AFs)for CKD admissions were 2.83%for PM_(2.5) and 3.46%for PM_(10) during the study period.These findings suggested that exposure to PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) is associated with substantially increased risk and burden of CKD admissions.
基金funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22125902,U2032202,and 21975243)the National Program for Support of Topnotch Young Professionals,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK2030020032)+1 种基金the DNL cooperation Fund,CAS(No.DNL202020)the Anhui Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2208085J15).
文摘Li metal has become a strong candidate for anode due to its high theoretical specific capacity and lowest electrochemical potential.However,the poor reversibility caused by continuous chemical and electrochemical degradation hinders the practical application of Li metal.Solid-solution-based metal alloy phases have been proposed as hosts for regulating the non-dendrite electrodeposition,but the fundamental understanding remains unclear due to the drastically different deposition behaviors of Li on them.Here we found the difference in the diffusion coefficient of Li atoms on solid-solution-based metal alloy phases(Li-Mg and Li-Ag alloys)was a major contributor to the different deposition behaviors.The low Li atom diffusion coefficient of Li-Mg alloy showed a preferential Li accumulation on the upper surface rather than the inward-growth plating of Li atoms into alloy foil in Li-Ag alloy.By the process of secondary recrystallization,we improved the diffusion coefficient of Li atoms in Li-Mg alloy that facilitates the inward transfer rather than surface plating of Li atoms.In this case,the recrystallized Li-Mg alloy underwent a solidsolution phase change in the delithiation-lithiation cycles which yielded a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.3%with a reversible gravimetric capacity of 2,874 mAh·g−1 and superior cycling stability over 5,000 h without dendrite growth.
文摘While a popular representation of 3D data,point clouds may contain noise and need filtering before use.Existing point cloud filtering methods either cannot preserve sharp features or result in uneven point distributions in the filtered output.To address this problem,this paper introduces a point cloud filtering method that considers both point distribution and feature preservation during filtering.The key idea is to incorporate a repulsion term with a data term in energy minimization.The repulsion term is responsible for the point distribution,while the data term aims to approximate the noisy surfaces while preserving geometric features.This method is capable of handling models with fine-scale features and sharp features.Extensive experiments show that our method quickly yields good results with relatively uniform point distribution.
文摘Low back pain(LBP)is a major cause of disability and imposes huge economic burdens on human society worldwide.Among many factors responsible for LBP,intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)is the most common disorder and is a target for intervention.The etiology of IDD is complex and its mechanism is still not completely understood.Many factors such as aging,spine deformities and diseases,spine injuries,and genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of IDD.In this review,we will focus on the recent advances in studies on the most promising and extensively examined genetic factors associated with IDD in humans.A number of genetic defects have been correlated with structural and functional changes within the intervertebral disc(IVD),which may compromise the disc’s mechanical properties and metabolic activities.These genetic and proteomic studies have begun to shed light on the molecular basis of IDD,suggesting that genetic factors are important contributors to the onset and progression of IDD.By continuing to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of IDD,specific early diagnosis and more effective treatments for this disabling disease will be possible in the future.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 91646107,81973146 and 81502884)Peking University Medicine Seed Fund for Interdisciplinary Research:The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(BMU2020MX017).
文摘Background and objective Moyamoya disease(MMD)is an increasingly recognised cause of stroke,mainly described in East Asia.China is the largest nation in Asia,but few studies reported the epidemiology of MMD,especially at a national level.We aimed to estimate the incidence and prevalence of MMD in China.Methods We performed a population-based study using data from the national databases of Urban Basic Medical Insurance between 2013 and 2016,covering approximately 0.50 billion individuals.MMD cases were identified by diagnostic code(International Classification of Diseases,10th Revision I67.5)or related diagnostic text.Results A total of 1987 MMD patients(mean age 44.45±14.30 years,female-to male ratio 1.12)were identified,representing a national crude incidence of 0.59(95%CI:0.49 to 0.68)and a prevalence of 1.01(95%CI:0.81 to 1.21)per 100000 person-years in 2016.Rates were higher in females than in males for the incidence(0.66 vs 0.52)and prevalence(1.05 vs 0.90).And the age-specific rates showed a bimodal distribution,with the highest peak in middle-aged group and the second peak in child group.Conclusions Our results confirm that MMD is relatively common in East Asians,but the rates in China were lower than those in other East Asian countries such as Japan and Korea.The unique epidemiological features,including a relatively weak female predominance and a shift in the highest peak of incidence from children to adults,revealed new sight into MMD.Further research is expected to explore the potential pathogenesis of MMD.
基金supported by the U.S.National Institute of Health(NIH)Grant R01 AR059088(to J.Wang),the U.S.Department of Defense Research Grant W81XWH-12-1-0304(to J.Wang)the Mary A.and Paul R.Harrington Distinguished Professorship Endowment(to J.Wang),and the Asher Orthopedic Research Endowment.
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA)is the most common form of joint disease and the leading cause of chronic disability in middle-aged and older populations.The development of diseasemodifying therapy for OA currently faces major obstacles largely because the regulatory mechanisms for the function of joint tissue cells remain unclear.Previous studies have found that the alterations in gene expression of specific transcription factors(TFs),pro-or antiinflammatory cytokines,matrix proteinases and extracellular matrix(ECM)proteins in articular cartilage may be involved in the development of OA.However,the regulatory mechanisms for the expression of those genes in OA chondrocytes are largely unknown.The recent advances in epigenetic studies have shed light on the importance of epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the development of OA.In this review,we summarize and discuss the recent studies on the regulatory roles of various epigenetic mechanisms in the expression of genes for specific TFs,cytokines,ECM proteins and matrix proteinases,as well the significance of these epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of OA.
